Winithar

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Winithar (* around 740 , † after 780 / 790 ) was a Benedictine monk in the monastery of St. Gallen and the first known documents - and book writer of this abbey.

Live and act

Winithar's work as a priest monk and scribe falls mainly in the time of the second St. Gallen abbot and Bishop of Constance John II (759 / 60–782), under whom he held a leading position in the monastery. Since he wrote a particularly individual form of the Alemannic minuscule , his hand could be identified in several St. Gallen codices and documents and the key role he played in the scriptorium there . Two addresses ( homilies ) to his confreres ascribed to Winithar have also been preserved . In the one in Codex 70, collegiate librarian Ildefons von Arx saw the first literary work to be written in St. Gallen in 1824 .

Manuscripts with the participation of Winithar (selection)

Certificates related to Winithar (selection)

  • W 30 of July 28, 760/761: Edition in the document book of the Sanct Gallen Abbey. Vol. 1: 700-840. Edited by Hermann Wartmann. S. Höhr, Zurich 1863, p. 33 f. No. 30. ( online at Internet Archive ).
  • W 39 of November 22, 762/763: Edition in the document book of the Sanct Gallen Abbey. Vol. 1: 700-840. Edited by Hermann Wartmann. S. Höhr, Zurich 1863, p. 40 f. No. 39 ( online at Internet Archive ).
  • W 49 of June 7th 765/6/8: Edition in the document book of the Sanct Gallen Abbey. Vol. 1: 700-840. Edited by Hermann Wartmann. S. Höhr, Zurich 1863, p. 49 f. No. 49 ( online at Internet Archive ).

literature

  • Peter Ochsenbein : Art. Winithar OSB, St. Gallen priest monk, around 760 . In: Author's Lexicon, Vol. 10 (1999), Col. 1214-1215.
  • Anton von Euw , The St. Galler Buchkunst from the 8th to the end of the 11th century (Monasterium Sancti Galli 3), Vol. 1, Verlag am Klosterhof 2008. ISBN 978-3-906616-85-8 , p. 33– 37, pp. 297-304 (No. 1-7).
  • Veronica von Büren: La transmission du De Moribus du Ps. Sénèque, de Winithar de S. Gall à Sedulius Scottus . In: Ways of Approaching Knowledge in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages . Edited by Paulo Farmhouse Alberto, David Paniagua (Schools and Scholarship. Studia classica et mediaevalia 8). Traugott Bautz, Nordhausen 2012. ISBN 978-3-883-09788-6 , pp. 206–244.
  • Walter Berschin , Bernhard Zeller: Winithar in Sankt Gallen (around 760–?) And the Versus Winitharii. In: Sermo doctorum. Compilers, preachers and their audiences. Edited by Maximilianhabenberger, Yitzhak Hen, Marianne Pollheimer. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013. ISBN 978-2-503-53515-9 , pp. 153-186.
  • Natalie Maag: Alemannic minuscule (744–846 AD). Early written culture in the Lake Constance area and the foothills of the Alps (sources and studies on Latin philology of the Middle Ages 18). Anton Hiersemann Verlag. Stuttgart 2014. ISBN 978-3-7772-1422-1 , passim .
  • Cinzia Grifoni: A new witness of the third recension of ps.-Methodius' Revelationes : Winithar's manuscript St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, MS 238 and the role of Rome in human history. In: Early Medieval Europe 22 (2014), pp. 446-460.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christian Folini: John II .. In: Historical Dictionary of Switzerland . September 7, 2006 , accessed January 16, 2017 .
  2. ↑ A sample alphabet of Winithar in Maag: Alemannic minuscules (see literature), appendix p. 229.
  3. ↑ Cod. Sang. 2, p. 531-540 , and Cod. Sang. 70, p. 250–258 of the St. Gallen Abbey Library , online at e-codices .
  4. ↑ Sermo Winidharii. Primum Opus litterarium in S. Gallo ( Cod. Sang. 70, p. 3 of the St. Gallen Abbey Library , online at e-codices ).
personal data
SURNAME Winithar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Winitharius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Benedictine, document and book writer
DATE OF BIRTH at 740
DATE OF DEATH after 780