to teach
Teaching (etymologically related to learning ) describes the activity in which a learner is to be taught a subject such as knowledge or skills . The teaching is carried out by teachers or trainers , professionally especially by teachers in schools and by lecturers .
Teaching in a human science context
Teaching takes place when parents name and practice rules of conduct when bringing up their children, when teachers teach, when colleagues present the processes at the new workplace. In addition, investigators, prosecutors and judges on the rights and obligations can teach .
The science of teaching and learning research is called educational psychology . In addition, didactics , methodology and pedagogy examine processes of teaching and the conditions for successful teaching. They also develop teaching methods for this .
Of teachers in schools is more likely to say they "teach" , from university teachers rather that "teach" them; there are courses and a teaching obligation as well as “research and teaching”. - The training was among craftsmen or is teaching: Apprentices (trainees) have a teaching master or teacher.
Teaching in the context of evolutionary theory
Among researchers in the field of behavioral development is the most common definition of teaching ( teaching ) by Caro and Hauser:
“An individual actor A can be said to teach if it modifies its behavior only in the presence of a naive observer, B, at some cost or at least without obtaining an immediate benefit for itself. A's behavior thereby encourages or punishes B's behavior, or provides B with experience, or sets an example for B. As a result, B acquires knowledge or learns a skill earlier in life or more rapidly or efficiently than it might otherwise do, or that it would not learn at all. "
“An individual actor A teaches if he changes his behavior only in the presence of a naive observer B, with a certain amount of effort and without deriving any direct benefit from it. A's behavior responds to B's behavior in a rewarding or punitive manner, or lets B share in A's experience, or serves as an example for B. As a result, B acquires knowledge or skills at a younger age and / or more effectively than he could alone, or knowledge that he would not learn himself at all. "
Teaching is therefore understood as cooperative behavior. It can be especially common among those individuals who are closely related to one another. It can also be widely used as a form of parental care. Teaching is a form of communication in which senders influence the behavior of recipients. A critical characteristic to distinguish teaching from other forms of social learning is behavioral matching. In contrast to other forms of learning, in which the impartial individual approaches the knowledgeable individual, teaching is characterized by the fact that the giver and the recipient of the information approach each other and both arrive at different, mutually coordinated behavior.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Alex Thornton, Nichola J. Raihani: The evolution of teaching . In: Animal Behavior . tape 75 , no. 6 , 2008, ISSN 0003-3472 , p. 1823–1836 ( online (PDF; 295 kB)). online ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ TM Caro, MD Hauser: Is There Teaching in Nonhuman Animals? In: The Quarterly Review of Biology . tape 67 , no. 2 , 1992, p. 151-174 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 5, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
