Vitaly Dmitrievich Schafranov

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Vitaly Shafranov ( Russian Виталий Дмитриевич Шафранов , English transcription Vitaly Shafranov * 1. December 1929 in Mordwinowo today Ryazan ; † 9. June 2014 in Moscow ) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist who deals with plasma physics and fusion research focused .

Life

During the Second World War , Schafranow worked with his father in road construction and received his first state award in 1943 at the age of 14. From 1946 Schafranow studied physics at the Lomonossow University, graduating in 1951. Afterwards he dealt theoretically in the theory department of the Kurchatov Institute under Mikhail Leontowitsch with questions of nuclear fusion on the tokamaks proposed by Andrei Sakharov and Igor Tamm . He investigated their stability and provided first parameter estimates for Soviet tokamak experiments. He also dealt with shock waves in plasmas and the interaction of electromagnetic waves with plasmas. Later he dealt intensively with stellarators . In 1981 he succeeded Leontowitsch as head of the theory department for nuclear fusion at the Kurchatov Institute.

Concepts such as the Shafranov shift ( Shafranov shift , 1959), (for the current in a tokamak, in addition to the Kruskal-Shafranov stability criterion and limit Martin Kruskal named) and the degree Shafranov equation (1957, in addition to Harold degree 1958 ) are named after him. In 1972 he and Lev Arzimowitsch proposed a D-shaped tokamak cross-section.

In 2001 he received the Hannes Alfvén Prize . In 1981 he became a corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and in 1997 a full member of the Academy. In 1971 he received the State Prize of the USSR and in 1984 the Lenin Prize .

Since 1983 he was editor of the Plasma Physics Reports (Russian Fizika Plasmy).

Fonts

  • On magnetohydrodynamical equilibrium configurations , Soviet Physics JETP, Volume 6, 1983, p. 1013.
  • Contributions to Leontovich (editor): Reviews of Plasma Physics , Volume 2, 1963.
  • Electromagnetic waves in a plasma , in Leontovich: Reviews of Plasma Physics , Volume 3, 1963.
  • with VS Mukhovatov: Plasma equilibrium in a Tokamak , Nuclear Fusion, Volume 11, 1971, p. 605.
  • Determination of the parameters and in a tokamak for arbitrary shape of plasma pinch cross-section , Plasma Physics, Volume 13, 1971, p. 757.
  • with LE Zakharov: Equilibrium of a toroidal plasma with noncircular cross-section , Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. Volume 18, 1973, pp. 151-156.
  • with LE Zakharov: Equilibrium of current carrying plasmas in toroidal configurations , in MA Leontovich Reviews of Plasma Physics , Volume 11, Consultants Bureau, New York 1986.
  • Magnetohydrodynamic theory of plasma equilibrium and stability in stellarators: a survey of results , Physics of Fluids, Volume 26, 1983, p. 357.
  • with VD Pustovitov in B. Kadomtsev: Reviews of Plasma Physics , Volume 15, 1989, p. 163. (Stellarator theory)

Web links

  • EP Velikhov: Award of the 2001 Hannes Alfvén Prize of the European Physical Society to Professor Vitaly Shafranov . In: Plasma Phys. Control. Merger . tape 43 , 12A, doi : 10.1088 / 0741-3335 / 43 / 12A / 002 (English, open access).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vitali Dmitrievich Shafranov (1929–2014) , accessed on June 16, 2014 (English)
  2. ↑ Artsimovich, Shafaranov: JETP Letters, Volume 15, 1972, pp. 72-76
personal data
SURNAME Schafranow, Vitaly Dmitrievich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Шафранов, Виталий Дмитриевич (Russian spelling)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet or Russian physicist
DATE OF BIRTH December 1, 1929
PLACE OF BIRTH Mordvinovo , Ryazan Oblast
DATE OF DEATH June 9, 2014
Place of death Moscow