xDNA

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xDNA is an artificial DNA that uses eight different nucleobases .

properties

In addition to the four natural nucleobases adenine , thymine , cytosine and guanine , the DNA sequence of xDNA can also contain the four synthetic nucleobases xA, xT, xC and xG. The synthetic bases were each extended by a benzene ring , whereby the diameter of the double helix is ​​slightly larger (2.4 nanometers compared to 2 nm for B-DNA ), the two grooves are enlarged and the fluorescence is increased. Synthetic nucleobases were also generated, which were extended by a naphthyl ring (xxDNA).

Structure of the dxA Structure of the dxT Structure of the dxC Structure of the dxG
Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine
Modified nucleobase dxA.svg Modified nucleobase dxT.svg Modified nucleobase dxC.svg Modified nucleobase dxG.svg
xA xT xC xG

The base pairing of the synthetic nucleic bases in a double helix is analogous to their natural counterparts. In bacterial gene expression , the synthetic nucleobases are recognized as their natural counterparts, albeit with less efficiency.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ SR Lynch, H. Liu, J. Gao, ET Kool: Toward a designed, functioning genetic system with expanded-size base pairs: solution structure of the eight-base xDNA double helix. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. Volume 128, Number 45, November 2006, pp. 14704-14711, doi: 10.1021 / ja065606n . PMID 17090058 . PMC 2519095 (free full text).
  2. ↑ a b A. T. Krueger, LW Peterson, J. Chelliserry, DJ Kleinbaum, ET Kool: Encoding phenotype in bacteria with an alternative genetic set. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. Volume 133, number 45, November 2011, pp. 18447-18451, doi: 10.1021 / ja208025e . PMID 21981660 . PMC 3255458 (free full text).
  3. ↑ JR Blas, O. Huertas, C. Tabares, BG Sumpter, M. Fuentes-Cabrera, M. Orozco, P. Ordejón, FJ Luque: Structural, dynamical, and electronic transport properties of modified DNA duplexes containing size-expanded nucleobases. In: The journal of physical chemistry. A. Volume 115, Number 41, October 2011, pp. 11344-11354, doi: 10.1021 / jp205122c . PMID 21888322 .
  4. ↑ SK Jarchow-Choy, AT Krueger, H. Liu, J. Gao, ET Kool: Fluorescent xDNA nucleotides as efficient substrates for a template-independent polymerase. In: Nucleic acids research. Volume 39, Number 4, March 2011, pp. 1586–1594, doi: 10.1093 / nar / gkq853 . PMID 20947563 . PMC 3045586 (free full text).
  5. ↑ D. Varsano, A. Garbesi, R. Di Felice: Ab initio optical absorption spectra of size-expanded xDNA base assemblies. In: The journal of physical chemistry. B. Volume 111, Number 50, December 2007, pp. 14012-14021, doi: 10.1021 / jp075711z . PMID 18034470 .
  6. ↑ P. Sharma, LA Lait, SD Wetmore: Exploring the limits of nucleobase expansion: computational design of naphthohomologated (xx-) purines and comparison to the natural and xDNA purines. In: Physical chemistry chemical physics: PCCP. Volume 15, Number 37, October 2013, pp. 15538-15549, doi: 10.1039 / c3cp52656a . PMID 23942832 .
  7. ↑ JC Delaney, J. Gao, H. Liu, N. Shrivastav, JM Essigmann, ET Kool: Efficient replication bypass of size-expanded DNA base pairs in bacterial cells. In: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. In English). Volume 48, number 25, 2009, pp. 4524-4527, doi: 10.1002 / anie.200805683 . PMID 19444841 . PMC 3434874 (free full text).