Xanthopyreniaceae
| Xanthopyreniaceae | ||||||||||||
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_F._Mohr_545932.jpg)
Collemopsidium foveolatum on barnacles , the fruiting bodies are recognizable as black dots on the pods |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the order | ||||||||||||
| Collemopsidiales | ||||||||||||
| Pérez place. , Garrido-Ben. & Pit | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Xanthopyreniaceae | ||||||||||||
| Paybr. |
The Xanthopyreniaceae are a family of sac fungi that alone form the order Collemopsidiales .
features
The Collemopsidiales are lichen-forming or lichen-dwelling species with cyanobacteria (both filamentous and cocoid species) as a photobiont . They are epilithic (living on stones), endolithic (living in stones), crust-forming or living on other lichens ( lichenicol ). All species form perithecia as fruiting bodies (which in some marine species can be similar to apothecia ), are unilocular (single-chambered), with or without a different involucrellum (hardened, blackish covering of the lichen perithecium ). The excipulum is charcoal to translucent , proso- to pseudoplektenchymat . The hyphae are branched and anastomosing , the physics are reticulated and of different thicknesses, the fruit layer is not colored with iodine . The hoses are bitunikat , fissitunikat (that is, the hose extends telescopically), with an eye-shaped chamber, egg-shaped to approximately cylindrical, mostly pedunculated. They don't stain with iodine. The spores are translucent , rarely brownish when ripe, simply septate , elongated, ovoid to fusiform. An outer gelatinous layer of the spores (perispore) is usually present. In the secondary fruit form they form pycnidia , the conidia-forming cells are more or less cylindrical, the conidia are phialidic . They themselves are rod-shaped to ellipsoid and have no secondary substances.
The Collemopsidiales differ from the lichen-forming Strigulales in their reticulated physics and photobionts and from the Monoblastiales in their reticulated physics of different thicknesses, their excipulum structure and in the photobionts.
_F._Mohr_546225.jpg)
Way of life
The known species of the Collemopsidiales live in very different habitats. Species of the genera Didymellopsis and Zwackhiomyces are terrestrial lichen inhabitants ( lichenicol ), the latter living parasitically or commensalistically on the lichen photobionts , while Didymellopsis species live on the lichens with cyanobacteria as photobionts. Collemopsidium species live like lichen in the sea or as lichens with cyanobacteria as photobionts. Most species live on stones or barnacles in the bank area, one species ( Collemopsidium cephalodiorum ) lives on the cephalodia of lichens, another ( Collemopsidium pelvetiae ) on brown seaweed .
Systematics and taxonomy
The Xanthopyreniaceae were described as a family by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1926 with the monotypical genus Xanthopyrenia , but this was later combined to Pyrenocollema , the lichen-forming species were then assigned to Collemopsidium by Ryan and Grube in 1982 . For a long time the family was of an insecure position within the Dothideomycetes or was placed among the Pyrenulales , until 2016 the order Collemopsidiales with the only family Xanthopyreniaceae was established by Sergio Pérez-Ortega , Isaac Garrido-Benavent and Martin Grube with the Trypetheliales and the Monoblastiales as sister orders. The genus Collemopsidium is still considered paraphyletic . The type genus is Collemopsidium .
At the moment (as of May 2018) only the following three genera belong to the family and order:
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Sergio Pérez-Ortega, Isaac Garrido-Benavent, Martin Grube, Rocío Olmo, Asunción de los Ríos: Hidden diversity of marine borderline lichens and a new order of fungi: Collemopsidiales (Dothideomyceta) . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 80 , 2016, p. 285-300 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-016-0361-1 ( springer.com [PDF]).
- ↑ Collemopsidiales . In: MycoBank . Mycobank, accessed May 18, 2018 .
- ↑ Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Kevin D. Hyde, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Jian Kui Liu, Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Qing Tian, Rungtiwa Phookamsak: Outline of Ascomycota: 2017 . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 88 , 2018, p. 167-263 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-018-0394-8 .
