Yellow Head Disease

Yellow head virus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses Area : Riboviria Empire : Orthornavirae Phylum : Pisuviricota Class : Pisoniviricetes Order : Nidovirals Subordination : Ronidovirineae Family : Roniviridae Subfamily : Okanivirinae Genre : Okavirus Subgenus : Tipravirus Type : Yellow head virus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : RNA Baltimore : Group 4
Scientific name
Yellow head virus
Short name
YHV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 96029 ICTV Taxon History: 201856183

The Yellowhead Disease is a notifiable disease by the crustaceans are affected. The trigger is genotype 1 of the yellow head virus ( YHV ). Successful experimental infections have been described for numerous species. The disease takes its name from the characteristic, but not always present, yellowish discoloration of the cephalothorax caused by the underlying hepatopancreas in infected animals. The incubation period is seven to ten days. The diagnosis is carried out using RT-PCR . Theoretically, diagnostics using an immunoblot would also be possible, but this is less accurate. To date, outbreaks have been observed in China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Up to now, double-stranded DNA of the YHV protease has been used for treatment .

The first occurrence was observed in Thailand in 1992. The spread at that time resulted in economic damage estimated at 30 million US dollars. In 1995, a case was first confirmed in the western hemisphere, Texas. In the meantime it has also been proven that the YHV can also be found in frozen imports of crustaceans and, in this form, can also be contagious to other crustaceans.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b v1 MSL # 34, Feb. 2019
2. ↑ ^{a b c} ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
3. ↑ ^{a b} YELLOW HEAD DISEASE. (PDF) In: Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2009. Accessed on May 31, 2019 . 
4. ↑ FLI: Official Collection of Methods for Yellow Head Disease (YHD). (PDF) September 7, 2018, accessed May 31, 2019 . 
5. ↑ P Sithigorngul, S Rukpratanporn, S Longyant, P Chaivisuthangkura, W Sithigorngul: Monoclonal antibodies specific to yellow-head virus (YHV) of Penaeus monodon . In: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms . tape 49 , 2002, ISSN  0177-5103 , p. 71-76 , doi : 10.3354 / dao049071 ( int-res.com [accessed May 31, 2019]).
6. ↑ Witoon Tirasophon, Supansa Yodmuang, Wanlop Chinnirunvong, Nongluk Plongthongkum, Sakol Panyim: Therapeutic inhibition of yellowhead virus multiplication in infected shrimps by YHV protease dsRNA . In: Antiviral Research . tape 74 , no. 2 , May 1, 2007, ISSN  0166-3542 , p. 150–155 , doi : 10.1016 / j.antiviral.2006.11.002 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed May 31, 2019]).
7. ↑ TW Flegel, P. Menasveta, S. Paisarnrat: Shrimp biotechnology in Thailand . BIOTEC / NSTDA, Bangkok 1997, ISBN 974-7576-37-6 .
8. ↑ LM Nunan, BT Poulos, DV Lightner: The detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Yellow Head Virus (YHV) in imported commodity shrimp . In: Aquaculture . tape 160 , no. 1-2 , January 1998, pp. 19–30 , doi : 10.1016 / S0044-8486 (97) 00222-6 ( elsevier.com [accessed October 19, 2019]).