Orthornavirae
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The Empire Orthornavirae includes all viruses that an RNA - genome and have a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) encoding . The realm includes dsRNA , (+) ss RNA and (-) ssRNA viruses of the Riboviria range , which contains almost all RNA viruses. This corresponds to groups 3, 4 and 5 of the traditional Baltimore classification . The name of the taxon is derived from the Greek ὀρθός Orthos , German 'straight' , as well as RNA for the type of genome and the suffix -virae for a realm of viruses.
Systematics
The realm Orthornavirae currently contains five phyla , two families and one genus incertae sedis .
Empire Orthornavirae
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- Phylum Duplornaviricota
- Phylum Kitrinoviricota
- Phylum lenarviricota
- Phylum Negarnaviricota
- Phylum pisuviricota
- without assignment to a phylum ( Incertae sedis ):
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- Family Birnaviridae
- Family Permutotetraviridae
- without assignment to a family:
- Genus botybirnavirus
Simplified cladogram according to Wolf et al (2018):
Orthornavirae |
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A detailed representation is given in the following graphic:
evolution
It is believed that the Orthornavirae RNA viruses originated in the RNA world or in protobionts before the ancestor of all today's cellular organisms ( bacteria , archaea and eukaryotes ). The Lenarviricota lack the capsids - with the exception of some Leviviruses (order Levivirales ). In addition, these have the most divergent proteins compared to the other Orthornavirae viruses , so they could be the origin of most of the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) found in cellular organisms and DNA viruses . Most prokaryote- infecting RNA viruses (RNA phages ) could have become extinct within millions of years or have jumped to eukaryotes, where they found good conditions for their replication, for example in the presence of the eukaryotic cytosol . Conversely, prokaryotes had developed defense mechanisms (such as CRISPR ) during this period that made it impossible for most RNA viruses to replicate in them.
literature
- Nuruddin Unchwaniwala, Hong Zhan, Janice Pennington, Mark Horswill, Johan A. den Boon, Paul Ahlquist: Subdomain cryo-EM structure of nodaviral replication protein A crown complex provides mechanistic insights into RNA genome replication . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . July 20, 2020, doi : 10.1073 / pnas.2006165117 , PMID 32690711 ( pnas.org [PDF]).
Web links
- Advanced Cryo-EM Reveals Viral RNA Replication Complex Structure in “Game-Changing” Detail , on: SciTechDaily August 2, 2020, Source: Morgridge Institute for Research
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019.
- ↑ a b Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), accessed April 25, 2020 .
- ↑ Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH: Proposal: Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for realm Riboviria ( English )
- ↑ Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome . In: Yuri I. Wolf, Darius Kazlauskas, Jaime Iranzo, Adriana Lucía-Sanz, Jens H. Kuhn, Mart Krupovic, Valerian V. Dolja, Eugene V. Koonin (eds.): MBio . tape 9 , no. 6 , November 27, 2018, ISSN 2150-7511 , doi : 10.1128 / mBio.02329-18 , PMID 30482837 .
- ↑ also called last universal common ancestor (LUGA), English last universal common ancestor, LUCA
- ↑ Valerian V. Dolja, Eugene V. Koonin: Capsid-Less RNA Viruses . In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences . American Cancer Society, 2012, ISBN 978-0-470-01590-2 , doi : 10.1002 / 9780470015902.a0023269 .
- ^ Eugene V Koonin, Valerian V Dolja: A virocentric perspective on the evolution of life . In: Current Opinion in Virology . tape 3 , no. 5 , October 2013, ISSN 1879-6257 , p. 546-557 , doi : 10.1016 / j.coviro.2013.06.008 .
- ^ Eugene V. Koonin, Valerian V. Dolja: Virus World as an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements . In: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews: MMBR . tape 78 , no. 2 , June 2014, ISSN 1092-2172 , p. 278-303 , doi : 10.1128 / MMBR.00049-13 , PMID 24847023 , PMC 4054253 (free full text).