Yoshioka Yayoi

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Yoshioka Yayoi, 1901

Yoshioka Yayoi ( Japanese 吉岡 弥 生, Kyūjitai :吉岡 彌 生, real name: Washiyama Yayoi (鷲 山 彌 生); born April 29, 1871 in Hijikata (today: Kakegawa ), Tōtōmi Province (today: Shizuoka Prefecture ); died May 22, 1959 in Setagaya District, Tokyo Prefecture ) was a Japanese doctor, educator, and women's rights activist. She founded Tokyo Women's Medical University (東京 女子 医科大学), the first medical college for women in Japan. She was a holder of the fifth grade of earnings . In addition, she was honored with the medal of honor on the green ribbon as a personality with special social commitment.

Life and work

Yoshioka Yayoi around 1941

She was born in 1871, the daughter of a Chinese medicine doctor, Yosai Washiyama. In 1889 she moved to Tokyo and attended Saisei-Gakusha (済 生 学 舎) (today: Nippon Medical School ), one of the oldest private medical schools.

In 1889, she was the 27th Japanese woman to pass the Ministry of Internal Affairs medical examination . Since her prospects of practicing medicine in Japan were slim at that time, she worked during the day and taught German in the evening at the Tokyo Shisei Gakuin school (東京 至誠 学院). In the same year she married Arai Yoshioka, the head of the school. On December 5, 1900, she founded the Tokyo Women's Medical School. Until 1912, the graduates did not receive an exam and were also not allowed to practice. In 1920 the training center was recognized as a school by the Ministry of Culture (Mombu-shō).

Yayoi has been politically active throughout her life. She campaigned for the improvement of the social position of women and for sex education. In 1928, Yayoi took part in the Pan-Pacific Women's Conference in Honolulu as a representative of the Japanese Medical Association (日本 女 医 会). In 1933 she was appointed to the investigative committee for social education of the Ministry of Culture (文部省 社会 教育 調査 委員会). Then in 1937 she became a member of the Advisory Education Committee of the Japanese government. During the war , Yayoi was chairman of the Tokyo Fujinkai (東京 婦人 会, about: Tokyo Women's Association) and the Aikoku fujinkai (愛国 婦人 会, about: Association of Patriotic Women) active.

In 1955 Yayoi was awarded the Order of the Noble Crown (4th grade). She died at home in Setagaya at the age of 88.

She was posthumously honored with the Order of the Holy Treasure in 1959 . In 1977 NHK broadcast the television series Sakura sakura (さ く ら さ く ら), which deals with Yayoi's life and work. The Japan Medical Women's Association named after her Yoshioka-Yayoi Prize . In September 2020, her likeness was shown on the 80 yen special stamp together with that of Naruse Jinzo and Tsuda Umeko . On the campus in Kawada, a lecture hall named after her commemorates Yayoi. A museum, the Kakegawa-shi Yoahioka Yayoi kinenkan (掛 川 市 吉岡 彌 生 記念 館) , was opened in Kakegawa in November 1998 to commemorate her life and work.

Yayoi had two older brothers and a son named Hiroto (1902-1991).

Works

  • 1900 Wabun dokuyaku doitsu sakubun dokushū (和文独 訳 独 逸 作文 独 修, for example: Japanese-German translation, writing German in self-study)
  • 1912 Fujin no eisei (婦人 の 衛生, roughly: hygiene for women)
  • 1915 Katei no eisei (家庭 の 衛生, for example: hygiene in the household)
  • 1916 Kateikango no shiori (家庭 看護 の 栞, for example: Guide to home care)
  • 1917 Nichijō eisei wakaki fujin no kokoroe (日常 衛生 若 き 婦人 の 心得, for example: Guide to daily hygiene for young women)
  • 1919 Kekkon yori ikuji made (結婚 よ り 育 児 ま で, for example: From marriage to child care)
  • 1919 Katei eisei fujin isshō no kokoroe (家庭 衛生 婦人 一生 の 心得, for example: Guide for the life of women for housekeeping)
  • 1921 Watashi no jikkenshitaru anzan to ikuji (私 の 実 験 し た る 安 産 と 育 児)
  • 1925 Katei ni okeru kango no chishiki (家庭 に 於 け る 看護 の 知識, for example: care skills for the household)
  • 1936 Joi no shōrai to shishimei (女 医 の 将来 と 其 使命, for example: future and tasks of medical women )
  • 1937 Kuru mono no tame ni (来 る も の ゝ 為 に, for example: Because of the coming (things))
  • 1938 Haha no kyōiku ninshin yori ikuji made (母 の 教育 姙娠 よ り 育 児 ま で, for example: maternal upbringing - from pregnancy to child care)
  • 1939 Ninshin to anzan no kokoroe (姙娠 と 安 産 の 心得, for example: Advice for pregnancy and an easy delivery)
  • 1941 Josei no shuppatsu (女性 の 出 発, roughly: departure of women)
  • 1952 Kono jūnenkan Yayoi Yoshioka shōden (こ の 十年 間 続 吉岡 弥 生 伝, about: The (last) 10 years biography of Yayoi Yoshioka)

Web links

literature

  • Kunimoto Hotta:明治 女 医 の 基礎 資料(for example: basic materials on doctors from the Meiji period) . In:日本 医 史学 雑 誌(Journal of Japanese Medical History) . tape 54 , no. 3 , 2008, p. 281–292 (Japanese, umin.jp [PDF; accessed December 14, 2020] With an excerpt from the register listing 239 Japanese female doctors. Yayoi Yoshioka is registered in 1893 and is listed as the 22nd female doctor.).
  • S. Noma (Ed.): Yoshioka Yayoi . In: Japan. An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha, 1993. ISBN 4-06-205938-X , p. 1761.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The frequently found indication of March 10th is not an indication of the Gregorian calendar.
  2. ↑ Linda Johnson gives the name Arata Yamada in the Enzyclopedia.com article.
  3. ↑ Arai died of diabetes in 1922.
  4. ↑ 1998 renamed Tokyo Women's Medical University.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c 吉岡 弥 生. In:デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 14, 2020 (Japanese).
  2. ↑ a b c 記念 館 に つ い て. Kakegawa City, accessed December 14, 2020 (Japanese).
  3. ↑ 創立 者 の 歩 み. Retrieved December 14, 2020 (Japanese).
  4. ↑ 日本 女 医 会 吉岡 彌 生 賞. Japan Medical Women's Association, accessed December 14, 2020 (Japanese).
Japanese name: As is customary in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . So Yoshioka is the family name, Yayoi the first name.
personal data
SURNAME Yoshioka, Yayoi
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 吉岡 彌 生 (Japanese); Washiyama Yayoi (real name); 鷲 山 彌 生 (real name, Japanese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Japanese doctor, educator and women's rights activist
DATE OF BIRTH April 29, 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Hijikata today Kakegawa Tōtōmi Province today Shizuoka Prefecture
DATE OF DEATH May 22, 1959
PLACE OF DEATH Setagaya Tokyo Prefecture