Toothless hair snail

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Toothless hair snail
Toothless hair snail (Petasina edentula)

Toothless hair snail ( Petasina edentula )

Systematics
Superfamily : Helicoidea
Family : Tree slugs (Hygromiidae)
Subfamily : Trochulinae
Tribe : Trochulini
Genre : Trochulus
Type : Toothless hair snail
Scientific name
Trochulus edentulus
( Draparnaud , 1805)
Housing of the toothless hair snail

The toothless hair snail ( Trochulus edentulus , syn .: Petasina edentula , Trichia edentula ) is a species of snail from the family of leaf snails (Hygromiidae) from the order of land snails (Stylommatophora).

features

The housing , which is steep to rather flat-conical on the top and flattened on the bottom, measures 3.5 to 5.3 mm (4.5 to 5.5 mm) in height and 5.5 to 8.2 mm (7 to 8 mm) in width. This results in a height-width index of 0.57 to 0.74. The outer line of the turns is slightly convex. It has 5¼ to 7 very tightly wound whorls, the last whorl is slightly canted on the periphery. The rounded umbilicus is very narrow at 0.2 to 0.6 mm, almost needle-shaped and is half or completely covered by the folded-over mouth. The ratio of navel diameter to housing width is only 0.04 to 0.1. The mouth is elliptical in cross section and flattened at the base. The height is 1.7 to 2.5 mm, the width (width) 2.8 to 4.4 mm. The edge of the mouth is not at the top, only weakly at the periphery and a little more turned from the base to the spindle. On the inside of the mouth, a narrow, strip-like white lip is developed from the outer edge to the base. It is somewhat thickened at the base, but no tooth is formed.

The opaque housing is yellowish brown, brown to reddish brown and has a lighter band on the periphery. The surface of the case is provided with coarse growth strips, juvenile specimens have short, fine, dense hairs on the surface of the case. They usually fail in the adult animals, so that the adult animals are mostly without hair. However, there are regional differences here. However, the scars of the lost hair can still be seen. As a result, adult housings appear streaked and the surface is shiny.

The soft body is essentially light brown with a dark gray back, head and tentacles. In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the vagina is long and cylindrical, the inner wall is wrinkled. There are four paired and comparatively long glandulae mucosae. Inner and outer arrow sacs are roughly the same size and sit symmetrically on the vagina, directly below (more distally) the glandulae mucosae. Only the outer arrow bags each contain a love arrow . In the male part, the straight or non-twisted vas deferens enter the epiphallus at a right angle. The flagellum is shorter than the epiphallus while the epiphallus is about as long or slightly longer as the penis. The stem of the spermathec is long, the bladder large and elongated; it comes to rest on the albumin gland.

Similar species

The shell of the toothless hair snail ( Trochulus edentulus ) is similar to the shell of the bidentate leaf snail ( Perforatella bidentata ) and the single toothed hair snail ( Trochulus unidentatus ). The two-toothed leaf snail, as the trivial and scientific name suggests, has two teeth as a muzzle reinforcement, while the single-toothed hair snail has only one tooth at the base of the muzzle. The shell is usually larger than that of the toothless hair snail, but the last coil is not shouldered.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area of ​​the toothless hair snail stretches from eastern and southern France (Upper Loire area = western slope of the Massif Central, Bresse , French Jura , Vosges ) and northern Switzerland , through Austria , northern Italy ( South Tyrol ) to Slovenia . In Germany, it occurs only in the Alps and rarely in the Alpine foothills and the Bavarian Forest as well as in the Black Forest.

The toothless hair snail occurs in moist low mountain and mountain forests from around 500 to 2300 m above sea level, rarely above the tree line. It lives in the herb layer, in the leaf litter and under stones, often along bodies of water. It also climbs plants, preferably the great nettle ( Urtica dioica ) and the white butterbur ( Petasites albus ). It is also rarely found in open forests and stony Alpine meadows.

Taxonomy

The taxon was set up in 1805 by Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud as Helix edentula . In the more recent literature and on most websites, the species can still be found under the scientific names Trichia edentula or Petasina edentula or Petasina (Edentiella) edentula or Edentiella edentula . It is the type species of the (sub) genus Petasina (Edentiella) Poliński, 1929. Schileyko treats Petasina Beck, 1847 as a subgenus of Trochulus Chemnitz, 1786, Edentiella Poliński, 1929 as an independent genus.

The generic name Trichia Hartmann, used for a long time , was preoccupied by Trichia de Haan, 1839 and also a younger synonym for Trochulus Chemnitz, 1786. An application to the commission for zoological nomenclature for the preservation of the generic name Trichia Hartmann, 1840 failed. The generic name Trichia can therefore no longer be used.

According to the taxonomic revision and the phylogenetic analysis of the genus Trochulus by Małgorzata Proćków , both species, Petasina unidentata and Petasina edentula , which were previously assigned to the genus Petasina Beck, 1837, are classified between the species of the genus Trochulus . Petasina unidentata is the sister species of Trochulus bielzi and Petasina edentula is the sister species of Trochulus bakowskii . Both pairs of sister species also come to lie in completely different branches of the Trochulus family tree. The genus Petasina is therefore polyphyletic and taxonomically not tenable even after a possible restriction to the type species. Petasina Beck, 1847 is a more recent synonym of Trochulus Chemnitz, 1786. The genus Petasina Beck, 1847 was also divided by many authors into two or three subgenus: Petasina (Petasina) (the nominate subgenus ), Petasina (Edentiella) Polinski, 1929 and Petasina (Filicinella) Poliński, 1929. These taxa are also polyphyletic in the previous view. They are also out of the question for the subdivision of the large genus Trochulus . The (sub) genera Edentiella Poliński, 1929 and Petasina (Filicinella) Poliński, 1929 are therefore also younger synonyms of Trochulus Chemnitz, 1786.

The species is divided into five subspecies by some authors, and also by Fauna Europaea :

  • Trochulus edentulus edentulus (Draparnaud 1805), has a relatively high housing, a more flattened underside, an open navel and a decrepit hairiness, western Alps, French Jura, Loire and Rhone area
  • Trochulus edentulus helveticus (Polinski 1929), has a relatively high thread, a flattened base, and a very narrow to completely closed umbilicus. Occurrence: Northern Switzerland, southwest Germany, Swabian Alb to the area of Thiergarten and Fridingen on the Danube
  • Trochulus edentulus liminiferus (Held 1836), has a relatively high casing, an open navel, pronounced edge on the last bend, permanent hair, Allgäu, area east of Lake Constance to Ravensburg, the eastern border runs along the Salzach and the lower Inn
  • Trochulus edentulus subleucozonus (Westerlund 1889), has a flattened casing, rounded underside, half-open umbilicus, light band on the periphery, almost permanent hair, Eastern Alpine
  • Trochulus edentulus suevicus (Poliński 1929), the casing is moderately twisted, the navel is open, the last bend is moderately canted, Swabian Alb to Thiergarten and Fridingen on the Danube (there is an overlap zone with Trochulus edentulus helveticus ).

There are two groups within these subspecies. The eastern group with Trochulus edentulus limniferus and Trochulus edentulus subleucozonus is characterized by more flattened housings, more rounded undersides, open or at least half-open navel and stronger hair, which is at least partially preserved in adult animals. The western group ( Trochulus edentulus edentulus , Trochulus edentulus helveticus and Trochulus edentulus suevicus ), on the other hand, has more conical housings with a flattened underside, a very narrow, mostly covered navel; the hairs usually fall out in adults.

Danger

According to the IUCN , the species is not endangered overall. According to the Red List in Germany, however, it is endangered there.

supporting documents

literature

  • Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (p. 350/1)
  • Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , (p. 206)
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (in the following abbreviated, Kerney et al., Landschnecken with corresponding page number)

On-line

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Małgorzata Proćków: The genus Trochulus Chemnitz, 1786 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae) - a taxonomic revision. Folia Malacologica, 17 (3): 101-176, Warsaw 2009 doi : 10.2478 / v10125-009-0013-0
  2. ↑ a b Kerney et al., Landschnecken, p. 266.
  3. ^ Georg Kierdorf-Traut: On the fauna of the terrestrial shell snails in South Tyrol. Gredleriana, 1: 183-226, Bozen 2001 PDF .
  4. ^ A b c d e Working group Mollusken BW (at the State Museum for Natural History Stuttgart): Red list and list of species of snails and mussels in Baden-Württemberg. Naturschutz-Praxis Artenschutz 12, 2nd revised edition, 185 pages, State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, Karlsruhe 2008 PDF
  5. ^ Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud: Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Pp. 1–116, Montpellier & Paris, Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson, 1801. Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library (p. 80)
  6. ↑ Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 14 Helicodontidae, Ciliellidae, Hygromiidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (14): 1907-2047, Moscow 2006 ISSN  0136-0027 (publication date corrected in vol. 15, p. 2115) (p. 1943/4)
  7. ^ Opinion 2079 (Case 2926). Trichia Hartmann, 1840 (Mollusca, Gastropoda): Proposed Conservation; And Trichiinae Lozek, 1956 (Gastropoda): Proposed Emendation Of Spelling To Trichiainae, So Removing The Homonymy With Trichiidae Fleming, 1821 (Insecta, Coleoptera) Not Approved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 61: 177-181, 2004 Online at biostor.org
  8. ↑ Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 561)
  9. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Perforatella bidentata (Schlüter 1838)
  10. ^ Neubert, E. 2013. Petasina edentula. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T156406A4940406. doi : 10.2305 / IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T156406A4940406.en . Retrieved October 2, 2015
  11. ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 291)

Web links

Commons : Toothless hair snail ( Trochulus edentulus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files