Georg Joseph Scheuer chicory factory
The chicory factory Georg Joseph Scheuer (spelling also Cichoriefabrik Georg Joseph Scheuer , earlier also under the terms almond coffee factory and almond beet factory) in Fürth was a company for the production of chicory coffee . The date on which the chicory factory was founded is February 17, 1812, the day on which Georg Joseph Scheuer applied to the city of Fürth to set up a business as an “almond beet manufacturer”. The concession was granted on February 20, 1812.
On October 1, 1894, the word mark “Echt Scheuer's Double Knight” was registered.
history
Georg Joseph Scheuer was born on November 5, 1789 in Fürth under the name Isaac Neckarsulmer as the son of Isaias Samuel Neckarsulmer and was baptized as a Catholic on July 31, 1811 under the name of Georg Joseph Ignaz Scheurer. His application to the city of Fürth shows that he was already active in the "almond beet coffee production" and in the "manufacturing trade" before 1812.
Around 1805, almost the entire production of coffee substitutes in southern Germany was concentrated in Fürth. Due to the continental blockade imposed by Napoleon in 1806 , there was an increased need for coffee substitutes across Europe, since products from the English colonies and South America , including coffee, were hardly available in stores.
After the continental blockade ended in 1811, many companies went under. While there were around 40 manufacturers of coffee substitutes in Fürth at the beginning of the 19th century, there were 21 in 1819 and only 11 in the period around 1860. Two of these were preserved around 1890: the Georg Joseph Scheuer chicory factory and the Julius Cohn chicory factory , both of which developed into industrial operations from the 1860s onwards.
Until the end of the 1850s, the grinding machines in the Georg Joseph Scheuer chicory factory were operated using horses. After the death of Georg Joseph Scheuer in the mid-1850s, the sons Johann Heinrich Friedrich (* July 18, 1821) and Johann Matthias (* March 24, 1823) took over the business and modernized it. Since 1860, a 4-6 came PS strong high-pressure steam engine used, drive the different millstones, crushing and piston gear sets. The factory was located at what was then Theaterstrasse 35–37 and around 1866 employed 25 people.
In 1869, the Fürth chicory factories processed 25,000 quintals of raw materials a year. Two thirds of the dried chicory roots came from the Magdeburg area. The companies were therefore dependent on cheap freight rates from the railways. The upswing due to increasing sales, including abroad, in the 1860s was not least due to reduced rail tariffs. In the 1870s, the Georg Joseph Scheuer chicory factory employed an average of 20 people, mostly women. In 1884 the two Fürth chicory factories were already processing 40,000 quintals of dried chicory roots.
The protective tariff policy introduced by Otto von Bismarck in Germany in 1878/79 led to a crisis for coffee substitute manufacturers in the mid-1880s. The dried roots had been obtained from Belgium and Holland for some time , as Germany could no longer meet the demand. Customs duties have been levied on foreign chicory since 1886, increasing the final price of the product. The situation was exacerbated by the fact that the European buyer countries also levied protective tariffs. As a result, the major sales markets of Austria , Italy and Switzerland were lost. As a result, sales were concentrated in central Germany, Saxony , Thuringia and northern Bavaria . Since the German areas where the chicory root was grown around Magdeburg, the factories in Fürth were at a disadvantage compared to the competition in northern Germany (for example the Ludwig Otto Bleibtreu chicory factory ). The Georg Joseph Scheuer company therefore relocated the entire factory to Schönebeck and temporarily shut down operations in Fürth around 1900. From 1906 at the latest, however, both Fürth chicory factories were producing again in Fürth.
In the years between 1900 and 1914, business improved significantly. Around 1906, both Fürth chicory factories together employed 68 people, including 44 women. The number of employees in the two factories rose to 87 by 1914. During the First World War , the need for replacement products increased again due to the Allied naval blockade . The post-war period turned out to be more problematic. In 1928 the Georg Joseph Scheurer company was bought by Heinrich Franck Sons . Around 1931 the Georg Joseph Scheurer chicory factory went into liquidation for the Fürth company. Between 1931 and 1935, the Julius Cohn company was the last chicory factory in Fürth to shut down for economic reasons.
literature
- Oliver Bender: Making coffee substitutes . In: The development of the Franconian industrial city of Fürth in the 19th century (1800–1914). Dissertation . Bamberg, University 1998, p. 135 ( uni-bamberg.de [PDF; 9.0 MB ]).
- Erhard Schraudolph: Coffee substitute manufacturer . In: From a craft town to an industrial metropolis. Industrialization in Fürth before 1870 . Historical Association for Middle Franconia, Ansbach 1993, p. 146-155 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Company chronicle of Heinrich Franck Sons. Baden-Württemberg State Archive . Retrieved February 27, 2016 .
- ↑ Erhard Schraudolph: Chicory Factory Georg Joseph Scheuer . In: From a craft town to an industrial metropolis. Industrialization in Fürth before 1870 . Historical Association for Middle Franconia, Ansbach 1993, p. 148-151 .
- ↑ Erhard Schraudolph: Julius Cohn chicory factory . In: From a craft town to an industrial metropolis. Industrialization in Fürth before 1870 . Historical Association for Middle Franconia, Ansbach 1993, p. 155 .
Web links
- Georg Jos. Chafing. Kaffetradition eV Accessed February 27, 2016 .