Julius Cohn chicory factory
The chicory factory Julius Cohn (spelling also Cichorie Factory Julius Cohn , formerly also under the terms almond coffee factory and almond beet factory ) in Fürth was a company for the production of chicory coffee . The chicory factory was founded on September 8, 1826 by Julius Joel Cohn (1795–1842).
history
Around 1805, almost the entire production of coffee substitutes in southern Germany was concentrated in Fürth. The region then benefited from the continental blockade imposed by Napoleon in 1806 , as there were now significantly better sales opportunities for coffee substitutes, as products from the English colonies and South America , including coffee, were hardly available in stores.
After the continental blockade ended in 1811, many companies went under. While there were around 40 manufacturers of coffee substitutes in Fürth at the beginning of the 19th century, there were still 21 in 1819 and only eleven in the period around 1860. Two of these were preserved around 1890: the chicory factory founded by Georg Joseph Scheuer in 1812 and the chicory factory owned by Julius Cohn, which developed into industrial operations in the 1860s.
After the founder's death on April 21, 1842, his widow Lea Louise married the Sulzbach cloth and cutlery dealer Aron Feistmann (born August 19, 1812), who continued the business with 15 employees. Under him, the surrogate production was carried out on a factory basis from 1853. The factory was located at Alexanderstraße 299 at that time. During this time, the company also manufactured kosher products, which gave it a special position in this market segment. In September 1860, Aron Feistmann bought a building at Bahnhofstrasse 23 (later Königswarterstrasse) that was conveniently located in terms of traffic and relocated the factory there. Around 1866 around 20–24 mainly female employees worked in the factory. A Moses Feistmann has also been on the company's management since 1871 at the latest, and Joseph Feistmann joined the management on September 1, 1872.
Was produced in the early years under the use of horses and later with an 8 hp strong steam engine , the three millstones and pinching drive. In 1869, the Fürth chicory factories processed 25,000 quintals of raw materials a year. Two thirds of the dried chicory roots came from the Magdeburg area. The companies were therefore dependent on cheap freight rates from the railways. The upswing due to increasing sales, including abroad, in the 1860s was not least due to reduced rail tariffs. In 1879 the Julius Cohn company employed 23 women and 8 men. In 1884 the two Fürth chicory factories were already processing 40,000 quintals of dried chicory roots.
The protective tariff policy introduced by Otto von Bismarck in Germany in 1878/79 led to a crisis for coffee substitute manufacturers in the mid-1880s. The dried roots had been obtained from Belgium and Holland for some time , as Germany could no longer meet the demand. Customs duties have been levied on foreign chicory since 1886, increasing the final price of the product. The situation was exacerbated by the fact that the European buyer countries also levied protective tariffs. As a result, the major sales markets of Austria , Italy and Switzerland were lost. As a result, sales were concentrated in central Germany, Saxony , Thuringia and northern Bavaria .
In the years between 1900 and 1914, business improved significantly. In 1901 the Julius Cohn company employed 25 women and 12 men, in 1902 even 30 women and 13 men. During the First World War , due to the Allied naval blockade, substitute products had to be used again. The post-war period turned out to be more problematic. Around 1931 the Georg Joseph Scheurer chicory factory went into liquidation for the Fürth company. Between 1931 and 1935, the Julius Cohn company was the last chicory factory in Fürth to shut down for economic reasons.
literature
- Oliver Bender: Making coffee substitutes . In: The development of the Franconian industrial city of Fürth in the 19th century (1800–1914). Dissertation . Bamberg, University 1998, p. 135 ( uni-bamberg.de [PDF; 9.0 MB ]).
- Erhard Schraudolph: Coffee substitute manufacturer . In: From a craft town to an industrial metropolis. Industrialization in Fürth before 1870 . Historical Association for Middle Franconia, Ansbach 1993, p. 146-155 .
Web links
- Julius Cohn chicory factory. Alemannia Judaica . Retrieved February 18, 2016 .
- Julius Cohn chicory factory. Jewish Museum Franconia . Retrieved February 18, 2016 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Chronicle Neumarkt, Nuremberg, Regensburg, Ansbach, Amberg, Sulzbach, Eichstätt, Roth, Berching and Freystadt with socio-cultural backgrounds , accessed on February 19, 2016.
- ^ The trade register of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1871, p. 85 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Commercial register entries 1872, p. 108 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Erhard Schraudolph: Julius Cohn chicory factory . In: From a craft town to an industrial metropolis. Industrialization in Fürth before 1870 . Historical Association for Middle Franconia, Ansbach 1993, p. 155 .