Brick-red crack fungus
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Brick-red crack fungus ( Inosperma erubescens ) |
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| Inosperma erubescens | ||||||||||||
| ( A. Blytt ) Matheny & Esteve-Rav. |
The brick-red crack fungus or May crack fungus ( Inosperma erubescens syn. Inocybe erubescens , I. patouillardii ) is a type of fungus from the family of crack fungus relatives (Inocybaceae). It is one of the dangerous poison mushrooms .
features
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Macroscopic features
The hat is 2.5–8 cm wide, conical-hunched, with radial fibers. The young mushroom has a closed, bell-shaped hat, this opens with increasing age and becomes yellow-brown. The hat tears when you look up. Especially in dry weather and with increasing age, the hat turns brick-red. The lamellae are whitish to reddish later olive brown, standing relatively close together and bulged on the stem . The blade edges are pale. The spore powder is dark brown. The stem is 4–6 cm long, up to 1 cm wide, thin, white when young, tapering to brick red when old, hat-colored, red-brown fibrous. The flesh is whitish, discolouring red. The smell is fruity when young, becomes increasingly dull-sweet to spermatic with age .
Microscopic features
The spores are 9 to 14 × 5 to 87 micrometers in size and slightly kidney- shaped.
Species delimitation
The brick-red crack mushroom is most likely to be confused with the similar-looking, edible corn mushroom ( Calocybe gambosa ), because the times of appearance also overlap. The most important distinguishing feature is the strong floury odor of the May knight. In addition, it does not redden, is significantly thicker, has white spore powder and white lamellas and no hat that tears open lengthways.
Ecology and phenology
The brick-red crack fungus occurs at low altitudes, rarely above 500 meters in height. Above all, it appears in parks, under bushes and in lawns on calcareous soils, especially on beech and linden trees from late May to early July.
meaning
The brick-red crack fungus is characterized by a fairly high content of the poisonous alkaloid muscarin - 0.037% - but this can vary depending on the location. The deadly amount of poison is contained in 40 to 500 grams of fresh mushroom, depending on the muscarin content. The mortality is 7.9%. The symptoms of poisoning with the brick-red crack fungus usually appear within a few minutes to two hours after ingestion. The symptoms correspond to the muscarinic syndrome .
Systematics
The species used to be a well-known representative of the crack fungi ( Inocybe ). In 2019, however, it was separated into the genus Inosperma , along with related species . In this genus there are species without pleuro Zystiden , ellipsoid with rounded, smooth spores and thin cheilocystidia without crystal hair.
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literature
- René Flammer, Egon Horak: Poison mushrooms - mushroom poisons. Mushroom poisoning. A reference work for doctors, pharmacists, biologists, mycologists, mushroom experts and mushroom pickers . Schwabe, Basel. 2003. ISBN 3-796-52008-1 .
- Roth, Frank, Kormann: Poisonous mushrooms, fungal poisons - molds, mycotoxins . Nikol, Hamburg, 1990. ISBN 3-933-20342-2
Individual evidence
- ^ A b P. Brandon Matheny, Alicia M. Hobbs, Fernando Esteve-Raventós: Genera of Inocybaceae: New skin for the old ceremony . In: Mycologia . tape 112 , no. 1 , January 2, 2020, ISSN 0027-5514 , p. 83–120 , doi : 10.1080 / 00275514.2019.1668906 , PMID 31846596 .
