May mushroom
| May mushroom | ||||||||||||
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May mushroom ( Calocybe gambosa ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Calocybe gambosa | ||||||||||||
| ( Fr. ) Donk |
The calocybe gambosa ( Calocybe gambosa ), also May- or Georg Ritter Ling called, is a type of fungus from the family of Raslingsverwandten (Lyophyllaceae). It is a good edible mushroom , but it can be confused with the highly poisonous brick-red crack mushroom ( Inosperma erubescens ) or the poisonous giant red bloom ( Entoloma sinuatum ).
features
Macroscopic features
The 3–10, rarely up to 15 cm wide hat is hemispherical when young, later spread out and often bent irregularly. The matt and dry surface is mostly white to creamy white, with some varieties also yellowish or brownish in color. The narrow and densely packed lamellas are straight or bulged on the stem . The spore powder is white. The 3–10 cm long and up to 4 cm wide stem has a firm consistency and is colored white. The intrusive flour-like smell (like cucumber or grilled wood) of the meat is striking.
Microscopic features
The elliptical and smooth-walled spores show no iodine color reaction. Their dimensions are 4–7 × 2–3.5 micrometers. The spore stands ( basidia ) on which the spores mature show siderophilic granulation . In contrast, sterile elements ( cystides ) are completely absent. There are usually buckles on the dividing walls ( septa ) of the fungal threads ( hyphae ) . In contrast to the rasling with encrusted hyphae, the pigment in the hyphae of the may fungus is dissolved intracellularly in the cell sap.
Species delimitation
The highly poisonous brick-red crack mushroom ( Inospermaerubescens ), whose fruiting bodies grow at the same time, is the classic doppelganger of the may mushroom. The reddening flesh, the radial-fiber hat and the dirty brownish lamellae are striking. In addition, the flesh of young fruiting bodies sometimes smells pleasantly fruity, while older specimens later develop an unpleasant, sweetish-spermatic odor.
The heat-loving, poisonous Rötling ( Entoloma sinuatum ) smells of flour on average, but does not develop fruiting bodies until August. Otherwise, young specimens can look very similar to the may mushroom when seen from above. However, the lamellae are not white, but yellowish in color. With age, the spore powder changes the color to dirty pink.
ecology
The may mushroom is considered to be true to its location and lives saprobically in the ground. Its fruiting bodies grow in nests or troops, densely packed arches and witch rings . Depending on the altitude, the fungus fructifies from April to July, often in two batches: first from late April to mid-May, then from June to early July. Occasional stragglers are said to appear in August and September.
As a habitat, the agaric prefers sunny, grassy spots in beech and beech-fir forests, more rarely hornbeam-oak forests as well as deciduous and riparian forests . Occurrences in forest edge communities such as Prunetalia hedges and hazel forests are also documented. In addition, the fungus also colonizes secondary habitats such as forest meadows, green spaces and forest paths and roadsides. The may mushroom does not even stop at semi- arid lawns or juniper heaths , drifts and arable land and orchards . The same applies to sporadically or moderately fertilized, extensively managed mountain meadows and pastures. On the other hand, the species is absent - apart from isolated finds in spruce and pine afforestations that are not part of the site - in acidic oak, spruce-fir and spruce forests.
Suitable soils are fresh, at most moderately dry to moderately moist and predominantly alkaline to neutral. Much less often the corn mushroom chooses moderately acidic or slightly acidic on the surface, moderately nutrient-rich and well to plentifully supplied with bases as well as soils of varying depth. These mainly include brown loam rendzines , terra fusca , base-rich and sandy to sticky brown earths over lime sands, gravel and loam, marls , and now and then also base-rich plutonites . The occurrence of highly acidic weathering nonferrous and Keuper -Sandsteinen strongly quartz-containing silicates and peat only founded on gravel forest roads and paths. Fruiting bodies can also be found sporadically after the liming of forest soils.
distribution
The may mushroom is distributed meridional to boreal in the Holarctic . In North and Central Asia, the species can be found throughout Siberia, Korea, and Japan. From the North American subcontinent, there is only one collection in southwest Canada. Finds from Morocco have been reported from North Africa, and the fungus can also be found on the Canary Islands. In southern Europe there are reports of finds from Bulgaria, Italy, Romania and Spain. On the western subcontinent, the Mairitterling has been detected in the Benelux countries, France, Great Britain northwards to the Shetland Islands and very rarely in Ireland. In Central Europe, the species is known from Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria, Poland, Switzerland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary. In Eastern Europe, the mushroom is native to Russia such as Bashkortostan, and to the northeast in Estonia. The occurrence in Northern Europe ranges from southern to central Fennos Scandinavia, but the find from Iceland is unsecured. In Germany, the species is scattered from the Danish border, Heligoland and the coastal areas of the North Sea and Baltic Sea in regional densification and loosening areas to the High Rhine and the Northern Alps.
meaning
The corn mushroom is a rich edible mushroom that can be collected early in the year and has a blood sugar lowering effect. However, it should only be braised briefly, otherwise the fruiting bodies will become tough. The food value is judged controversially. The obtrusive smell and taste, which are not completely lost during preparation, can trigger idiosyncrasy with the appropriate disposition .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jean-Marie Polese: Pocket Guide - Mushrooms . Tandem Verlag, Potsdam. 2005. Page 153. ISBN 3-833-11314-6 .
- ↑ a b c Erhard Ludwig: Pilzkompendium, Volume 1: Descriptions. The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales . Fungicon Verlag, Berlin. 2001. ISBN 3-930-16743-3 .
- ↑ a b c d Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . BLV Verlag, Munich. 2002. ISBN 3-405-14737-9 .
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , pp. 141-142.
Web links
- Fredi Kasparek: Species profile : Mairitterling, May mushroom - Calocybe gambosa . On: www.natur-in-nrw.de . Accessed April 11, 2011.
- Frank Moser: May mushroom (Calocybe gambosa) . On: Natur-Lexikon.com . Accessed April 11, 2011.
- Georg Müller: Photos by Calocybe gambosa . In: picture gallery on pilzepilze.de . Accessed April 11, 2011.
