Zizenhausen terracottas

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The Zizenhausen terracottas , which the trained church painter Anton Sohn (1769–1840) made in Zizenhausen (now part of the city of Stockach ) since 1799 , document the taste of Biedermeier and at the same time the zeitgeist of the Vormärz .

In the first half of the 19th century by Anton son of fired clay, painted in bright colors, often accommodated in the smallest details to artistic perfection terra kotte figures, originally today become as housing jewelry coveted collector and museum objects. Hundreds of these figurines were created from a large number of the models on which the representations were based. The increasing demand and sales were taken into account commercially through a businessman (Johann Brenner) in Basel . From originally almost exclusively spiritual motifs, representations of traditional costumes, musicians and orchestral groups have now been created. There were also Jews as well as soldiers and other professional groups. Gottfried Mind and Hieronymus Hess provided the templates for this . In the individual works, the great skill of the master can be found in expressing time-critical satire and caricature.

The large orchestra , mid-19th century, private collection
The seven Swabians , mid-19th century, private property
Armor on the Shabbes . Jewish family in clothing typical of the time, 1830–1850, ( museum in the Ritterhaus ).

The best known of the numerous figures (or groups) are representations such as the Basler Totentanz , the large orchestra consisting of 13 figures , the seven Swabians fighting a hare , Napoleon and Emperor Ferdinand of Austria .

Basler dance of death terracottas

According to the prevailing opinion in the professional world, an 1822 in Frankfurt am Main in 1725 (first edition 1621) by the engraver Matthäus Merian d. Ä. Edition published for these representations (possibly also a later reprint of this work) as a template for Anton Sohn for the production of "his" Basler-Totentanz terracottas in the workshop in Zizenhausen. These 42 figural group representations are exhibited in the Rosgarten Museum of the city of Konstanz , in the Museum in the Kornhaus in Bad Waldsee and in the Storchenturm Museum in Zell am Harmersbach . The City Museum in Stockach has the most comprehensive collection on this subject. The series shown there was shown at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1889 . In addition, the Stockach collection has an almost complete group of so-called model figures. These were privately owned by Anton Sohn's descendants until 2004 and were then acquired by the city of Stockach . The model figures were not provided with varnish and were used as color templates for production.

The up to 15 cm high original model abide by the United Basler Totentanz ago known 39 couples with three other themes: Adam and Eve , preachers scene and ossuary scene . In their last dance, the couples seem even more "alive" than on the destroyed Basel murals from 1440 and on the engravings by Matthäus Merian. The Basel accompanying verses are painted on the base of each figure, from 1835 in English and French as well as in German.

reception

A group of the Zizenhausen Fools' Association presents clay figures modeled on the Zizenhausen terracottas at the carnival . The figures shown include well-wishers, traders, market women, doctor and patient, snuffers, Swiss costumes and the seven Swabians .

Collections

The most extensive presentation of Zizenhausen terracottas is in the Stockach City Museum. In addition to the dance of death, caricatures, traditional costumes and portraits as well as religious scenes are shown there. The collection of Count Douglas in Langenstein Castle in the local carnival museum is also worth seeing .

literature

  • Wilhelm Fraenger: The picture man of Zizenhausen, Eugen Rentsch Verlag, Erlenbach = Zurich and Leipzig in 1922
  • Wilfried Seipel: The worldview of the Zizenhausen characters. Book accompanying the exhibition of the same name in Konstanz, Verlag Friedr. Stadler, Konstanz 2004. ISBN 3-7977-0084-9
  • Yvonne Istas: terracotta, model and more. Book accompanying the exhibition of the same name in the Stockach City Museum, Verlag werk Zwei, Konstanz 2004.
  • Yvonne Istas: Zizenhausen terracottas. The collection of the Stockach City Museum, catalog for the Stockach exhibition, City Museum in the Old Forestry Office July 5 to November 5, 2011, Verlag werk zwei Print + Medien Konstanz GmbH, Konstanz 2011. ISBN 978-3-00-034937-9
  • Stefanie Knöll: The Zizenhausen Dance of Death . In: Friedhof und Denkmal: Zeitschrift für Sepulkralkultur, 49: 1-2 (2004).
  • Marion Neiss: Sohn, Anton , in: Handbuch des Antisemitismus , Volume 2/2, 2009, p. 776f.

Web links

Commons : Zizenhauser Terracotta  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Website of the Storchenturm Museum. Retrieved October 8, 2016 .
  2. ↑ https://bawue.museum-digital.de/index.php?t=sammlung&instnr=128&gesusa=282
  3. ↑ Hans Georg Wehrens: The dance of death in the Alemannic language area. "I have to do it - and don't know what" . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7954-2563-0 . P. 251f.
  4. ↑ http://www.narrenvereinigung-zizenhausen.de/Tonfiguren/Geschichte-der-Tonfiguren/geschichte-der-tonfiguren.html
  5. ^ Zizenhausen terracottas: Tourism & Culture Stockach. Retrieved June 13, 2019 .
  6. ^ Website of the Langenstein Castle Carnival Museum and the Zizenhauser Terracotta Collection