Dwarf Iris
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Dwarf Iris ( Iris pumila ) |
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The dwarf iris ( Iris pumila ) is a plant of the genus Iris ( Iris ).
The plants known as Iris pumila in the gardening trade are mostly varieties from the Iris Barbata-Nana group, which emerged from Iris lutescens .
features
The dwarf iris is a persistent geophyte that reaches heights of 10 to 17 centimeters. The rhizome is short and densely turf-forming. The stem is low, almost hidden and almost always single-flowered. The leaves are sword-shaped, gray-green, 6 to 20 millimeters wide, pointed, prickly, up to 10 centimeters long and always longer than the stem.
The two bracts are lanceolate, broadly skinned on the upper edge and rounded on the back. The flower is sessile. The tepals are usually blue-violet, but less often they can also be pale red, yellow or white. The perigone tube is 5 to 7 centimeters long and protrudes from the uppermost bract. It is as long or longer than the perigone. The outer perigone sections are up to 5 centimeters long and shorter than the inner ones. The stylus have lanceolate branches that are toothed on the edges. The stamens are almost as long as the anthers . The capsule fruit is elongated, egg-shaped-triangular, 4 to 6 centimeters long and pointed. The seeds are egg-shaped and 4 to 7 millimeters long. Their skin is fleshy and soon wrinkled.
The flowering time is in April and May. The flowers are nectarless flowers of deception.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32, less often 30 or 36.
Occurrence
The natural distribution area of the dwarf iris ranges from Lower Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, the northern Balkans, southern Russia, the Caucasus to Transcaucasia. In Central Europe it originally only occurs in the west as far as Lower Austria, but it has become wild in numerous places. The lime-loving species grows here in places on the plains on stony, sunny and sandy slopes and at altitudes of up to 650 meters.
In Austria the dwarf iris is native to the Pannonian region : Burgenland, Vienna, Lower Austria, in Upper Austria it is extinct. It grows here in rocky steppes and stony, gappy dry grass.
Systematics
One can distinguish between two subspecies:
- Iris pumila subsp. attica (Boiss. & Heldr.) K. Richt. (Syn .: Iris attica Boiss. & Heldr. ): It occurs from Macedonia to Greece.
- Iris pumila subsp. pumila : It occurs from Central Europe to the Caucasus.
photos
Individuals with a yellow perigone
Perigone seen from above
Natural occurrence via loess
Natural occurrence over limestone
supporting documents
- ^ A b c d Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- ↑ a b c d Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe, Volume II: Monocotyledones, Part II . JF Lehmanns, Munich 1926, p. 286-287 .
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 141 .
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Iris pumila. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 25, 2018.
Web links
- Dwarf Iris. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum 1, 1753, p. 38 (first description)