Timeline of historical state changes

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Reason: theory finding. What is the definition of “geopolitics” based on this timetable? The individual records prove the listed events, but not that they are geopolitical changes. - Jürgen Oetting ( discussion ) 16:23, 16 Aug 2020 (CEST)

Meanwhile withdrawn LA reinstated: In my opinion , the timetable is TF , technically partially incorrect, in fact not maintainable and simply completely over-ambitious. Detailed justification in the deletion discussion. - Chaddy · D VfB Eichstaett Logo.png 02:48, August 2020 (UTC) 17

The following article contains a timeline of historical state changes around the world since the existence of the first modern states (approx. 19th century). It contains declarations of independence, the establishment of a new state or empire, changes to the name of the country, changes to the capital or name, as well as significant changes to the territory such as the annexation, assignment or separation of land or areas and other important geopolitical events that affect the statehood of areas. The types of changes listed here typically include (but are not limited to) change of borders, creation and fall of states, changes of geographic names. The timeline does not claim to be complete, as not all area changes can be recorded or are known.

The following timeline shows the events in reverse chronological order, starting in 2019 and ending in the 18th century.

21st century

2010s

year date event
2019 March, 20th Kazakhstan changes the name of its capital from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of ex-President Nursultan Nazarbayev after the constitution of Kazakhstan was changed.
February 12th The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia adopts the name Republic of North Macedonia as part of the Prespa Agreement , according to which Greece will no longer veto the country's accession to NATO and the European Union .
2018 24th of December Burundi moves its capital from Bujumbura to Gitega .
December 16 Georgia is moving its legislative capital from Kutaisi back to Tbilisi .
July 9 Ethiopia ends the occupation of Badme and returns the area to Eritrea after a peacedeal to end a 20-year border conflict.
April 19th The Kingdom of Swaziland changes its name to the Kingdom of Eswatini .
February 2nd The International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled that a strip of northern Isla Portillos at the mouth of the San Juan in Nicaragua belongs to Costa Rica .
January 1st Belgium and the Netherlands conclude an exchange of territory along the Meuse . The agreement, which was originally signed on November 28, 2016, involves a one-for-two swap of three small islands.
2017 June 24th Egypt transfers sovereignty over the islands of Sanafir and Tiran to Saudi Arabia .
9th April After a referendum, the Republic of South Ossetia changes its name to the Republic of South Ossetia - State of Alania .
21st of February The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic changes its name to the Artsakh Republic one day after a constitutional referendum . The Republic of Azerbaijan continues to regard Nagorno-Karabakh as part of its territory, a position shared by the United Nations .
January 29th The Islamic Republic of Gambia changes its name back to Republic of Gambia .
2015 December 16 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) awards Costa Rica an area of ​​3 km² and resolves the border dispute between Costa Rica and Nicaragua .
11th December By presidential decree, the Republic of Gambia changes its name to the Islamic Republic of Gambia .
November 12th Pakistan lends the port of Gwadar to the People's Republic of China until 2059.
6th of June India and Bangladesh are exchanging 162 enclaves and exclaves along their borders, which simplifies the borderline.
8th of May Niger and Burkina Faso , in continuation of the implementation of the ruling of the International Court of Justice regarding the border dispute between the two countries, agreed to swap 18 cities in the following year (Burkina Faso receives 14, Niger four).
March 21st After the Yemeni coup in 2014/15 , the capital of Yemen is temporarily relocated from Sanaa to Aden .
2014 May 11th The Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic declare their independence from Ukraine after a status referendum. Donetsk and Luhansk are declared their respective capitals. The results of the referendum and the declarations of the two People's Republics were not recognized internationally.
March 18th The Republic of Crimea , until then part of Ukraine , was annexed by the Russian Federation and, after a referendum, incorporated as two separate federal entities: the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol . The Ukraine itself and much of the international community take the position that the Crimea is occupied illegally by Russia and legally an integral region of Ukraine remains.
January 27th The dispute over maritime borders between Chile and Peru is resolved.
2013 January 7th The Libyan National Congress unofficially changes the name of the country from Libya to State of Libya , which will be used until a new constitution is passed.
2012 November 29th The General Assembly of the United Nations votes to improve the status of the State of Palestine from "unity" to "non-member observer state" and to give it effective recognition.
November 19th Judgment of the International Court of Justice over the Seestreit between Nicaragua and Colombia .
20th of August The Republic of Somalia changes its name to the Federal Republic of Somalia .
July 12 The state of Azawad surrenders and becomes part of the Republic of Mali again .
May 26 Georgia is moving its legislative capital from Tbilisi to Kutaisi . Tbilisi remains the administrative capital.
April 6th Azawad proclaims its independence from the Republic of Mali as the state of Azawad with Timbuktu as its capital.
January 1st The Republic of Hungary changes its name to Hungary .
2011 23rd October Libya replaces the Great People's Socialist Libyan Arab Jamahiriya with the National Transitional Council after its defeat in the Battle of Sirte .
September 1 Due to the loss of Tripoli on August 27, the Great Socialist Libyan Arab People's Jamahiriya moves its capital from Tripoli to Sirte .
August 27 The National Transitional Council of Libya takes over Tripoli and moves its capital from Benghazi to Tripoli
July 9 The Southern Sudan obtained following a referendum independence from Sudan last January Republic of South Sudan . Juba becomes the capital .
27th of February After the beginning of the Libyan civil war in 2011 on February 15, the National Transitional Council of Libya was formed as the "political representative of the revolution" with its seat in Benghazi .
February 2nd The Republic of the Fiji Islands changes its name back to the Republic of Fiji .
11th January The People's Republic of China gets to the final ratification of a treaty 1,158 sq km land of Tajikistan .
2010 October 21 The Union of Myanmar changes its name to Republic of the Union of Myanmar .
October 10th The Kingdom of the Netherlands dissolves the Netherlands Antilles and makes Curaçao and Sint Maarten two of its four member countries. Bonaire , Saba and Sint Eustatius become special parishes of the Netherlands.

2000s

year date event
2009 September 1 The United Kingdom changes the name of the British overseas territory of St. Helena and dependencies in St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha . Jamestown on St. Helena remains the capital.
February 7th The Republic of Bolivia changes its name to the Plurinational State of Bolivia .
2008 August 27 The Russian Federation recognizes the independence of the Republic of South Ossetia and the Republic of Abkhazia from Georgia. Georgia and much of the international community take the position that they were both illegally occupied by Russia during the 2008 Caucasus War and that they remain legally integral regions of Georgia.
28th of May The state of Nepal changes its name to the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal .
February 17th The Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija declares its independence from the Republic of Serbia as the Republic of Kosovo . The capital remains Pristina. Serbia continues to see Kosovo as part of Serbia.
2007 October 22nd The Republic of Montenegro changes its name to Montenegro .
21st of February The French Republic separates the overseas collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy and the overseas collectivity of Saint-Martin from the overseas region of Guadeloupe .
15. January The Kingdom of Nepal changes its name to the State of Nepal .
2006 October 7th The Republic of Palau moves its capital from Koror to Ngerulmud .
August 14th The Federal Republic of Nigeria transfers sovereignty over Bakassi to the Republic of Cameroon .
June 5th The Republic of Serbia replaces the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro . Belgrade remains the capital.
3rd of June As the Republic of Montenegro, Montenegro separates from the Confederation of Serbia and Montenegro . Podgorica remains the capital.
2005 November 6th The Union of Myanmar is moving its capital from Rangoon to Naypyidaw .
2004 September 1 The Secretariat for the Antarctic Treaty , which administers Antarctica and all areas and waters south of the 60th parallel south, is based in Buenos Aires ( Argentina ).
January 4th The Islamic State of Afghanistan changes its name to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan .
2003 28th March The French Republic is revising its constitution. Several French overseas territories are given a new status.
February 4th The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia changes its name to the Confederation of Serbia and Montenegro .
2002 May 21 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is changing the title of each dependent territory to the title of an overseas territory. Citizens of any British overseas territory are granted full British citizenship.
May 20th As the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, East Timor gains independence from the Portuguese Republic . East Timor was occupied by Indonesia in 1975 and placed under the administration of the United Nations in 1999 . Dili remains the capital.
March 10th The Union of Comoros resumes the de facto independent state of Anjouan and the Democratic Republic of Mohéli .
14th of February The state of Bahrain changes its name to the Kingdom of Bahrain .
2001 23rd of December The Islamic Federal Republic of Comoros changes its name to Union of Comoros .
November 13th The Islamic State of Afghanistan replaces the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan .
July 1 The state of Puntland , which has declared itself independent, passes a new constitution in which it expressly identifies itself as part of the Republic of Somalia .
January Taloqan , the de facto capital of the government of the Islamic State of Afghanistan , falls to the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan . The capital moves to Faizabad .
2000 16th of July Somalia changes its name to the Republic of Somalia .
February 6th The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria surrenders and Chechnya becomes part of the Russian Federation again .

20th century

1990s

year date event
1999 December 31 The United States of America transfers full ownership of the Panama Canal Zone to the Republic of Panama .
20th of December The Portuguese Republic transfers sovereignty over Macau to the People's Republic of China as the Macau Special Administrative Region .
15th December The Republic of Venezuela changes its name to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela .
June 10th The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo will be formed in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia .
19th March The French Republic renames its territory New Caledonia in preparation for eventual independence as Special Collective New Caledonia .
1998 24th of December The Republic of Bougainville is annexed by Papua New Guinea again .
December 16 Part of the undefined border in Campo de Hielo Sur is defined by Chile and Argentina .
August 1st Puntland declares its independence from the Federal Republic of Somalia . Garoowe is the capital.
May 6th The Republic of Kazakhstan changes the name of its capital from Aqmola to Astana .
1997 10th of December The Republic of Kazakhstan is moving its capital from Almaty to Aqmola .
August 11th The Democratic Republic of Mohéli declares its independence from the Union of Comoros . Fomboni is the capital.
3rd August The state of Anjouan declares its independence from the Union of Comoros . Mutsamudu becomes its capital.
July 4th The Independent State of Western Samoa changes its name to Independent State of Samoa .
July 1 The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China as the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region .
25. May The capital of the Islamic State of Afghanistan is moved from Mazar-e Sharif to Taloqan .
17th of May The Republic of Zaire changes its name back to the Democratic Republic of the Congo .
1996 September 26th The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is founded and declared as its capital Kabul , which it has captured from the Islamic State of Afghanistan , whose capital is in turn moved to Mazar-e Sharif .
The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria changes the name of its capital Grozny to Dzokhar-Ghala .
The United Republic of Tanzania is moving its capital from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma .
1995 December 14th The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina merge to form Bosnia and Herzegovina . The capital is Sarajevo .
August 24th The Republic of Georgia is renamed Georgia .
August 22nd Ethiopia is renamed the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia .
August 7th The Republic Westbosnie n is from the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina annexed.
July 26th The Republic of Western Bosnia declares its independence from the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina .
1994 September 23rd The Gagauz Republic joins the Republic of Moldova .
October 21 The Laguna del Desierto , which is claimed by Chile , is awarded to Argentina through arbitration.
October 1 As the Republic of Palau, Palau gains full independence from the United States of America . Koror is the capital.
7th of July The Democratic Republic of Yemen will be reunited with Yemen .
May 21 The Democratic Republic of Yemen separates from Yemen . Aden is the capital.
April 27 The nominally independent republics of Transkei , Bophuthatswana , Venda and Ciskei are reintegrated into the Republic of South Africa .
1st March The Republic of South Africa transfers sovereignty over Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands to the Republic of Namibia .
1993 September 24th The restored Kingdom of Cambodia replaces the State of Cambodia .
May 24th The state of Eritrea splits off from Ethiopia . The capital is Asmara .
5th of May The Republic of Kyrgyzstan changes its name to the Kyrgyz Republic .
January 28th The Republic of Kazakhstan changes the name of its capital from Alma-Ata to Almaty .
January 1st The Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic gain full independence with the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic . Prague remains the capital of the Czech Republic and Bratislava remains the capital of Slovakia.
1992 September 22 The Republic of Kosovo declares its independence from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . The capital is Pristina .
12th September The Democratic Republic of Madagascar changes its name to the Republic of Madagascar .
August 27 The People's Republic of Angola changes its name to the Republic of Angola .
12. August The Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina is renamed Republika Srpska .
July 23 The Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia declares its independence from Georgia as the Republic of Abkhazia . Sukhumi remains the capital.
April 27 The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia takes the place of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia .
April 6th The Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina separates from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Sarajevo remains the capital.
March, 15 The state of Cambodia is taken over by the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) in order to bring the exiled national government of Cambodia back to power.
March 12th The Chechen Republic is renamed the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria .
February 12th The Mongolia takes the place of the Mongolian People's Republic .
15. January The Socialist Republic of Slovenia separates as the Republic of Slovenia from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Ljubljana remains the capital.
The Socialist Republic of Croatia separates as the Republic of Croatia from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Zagreb remains the capital.
January 12th The Republic Bergkarabac h declared their independence from the Republic of Azerbaijan .
1991 December 26th The Supreme Soviet of the USSR meets for the last time and formally dissolves the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics .
25 December The Russian Federation replaces both the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic .
December 16 The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic separates as the Republic of Kazakhstan from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Alma-Ata remains the capital until 1997.
12th of December The Federal Republic of Nigeria is moving its capital from Lagos to Abuja .
December 8th The Russian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic , the Republic of Belarus and the Ukraine form the Commonwealth of Independent States as the successor organization to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics .
The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic splits off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as Turkmenistan . Ashgabat remains the capital.
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic splits off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the Republic of Uzbekistan . Tashkent remains the capital.
November 28th The Autonomous Region of South Ossetia declares its independence from Georgia as the Republic of South Ossetia . The capital is Tskhinvali . Georgia denounces the intervention of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic and declares the succession illegal.
November 1st The Chechen Republic declares its independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Grozny is the capital
21st September The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic splits off as the Republic of Armenia from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Yerevan remains the capital.
the 9th of September The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic splits off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the Republic of Tajikistan . Dushanbe remains the capital of the Republic of Tajikistan.
September 8th The Socialist Republic of Macedonia separates as the Republic of Macedonia or the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia , from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . The capital remains Skopje . The Hellenic Republic protests against the name of the new nation.
September 6th The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic separates from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and re-establishes the Republic of Lithuania . Vilnius remains the capital.
September 2nd The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast declared its independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as Nagorno-Karabakh Republic . Stepanakert is the capital. The Republic of Azerbaijan claims the territory.
August 31 The Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic splits off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the Republic of Kyrgyzstan . The capital Frunze is renamed Bishkek .
August 30th The Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic splits as the Republic of Azerbaijan from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Baku remains the capital.
August 27 The Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic separated from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the Republic of Moldova . Chişinău remains the capital of the Republic of Moldova . Moldova claims Transnistria as part of its territory.
August 25 The Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic splits off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as the Republic of Belarus . Minsk remains the capital.
The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic ( Transnistria ) declares its independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Tiraspol remains the capital.
August 24th The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic splits off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as Ukraine . Kiev remains the capital.
August 21 The Republic of Latvia (formerly SSR ) separates from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and restores the Republic of Latvia . Riga remains the capital.
20th of August The Republic of Estonia (formerly SSR ) separates from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and restores the Republic of Estonia . Tallinn remains the capital.
August 19th The Gagauz Republic declares its independence from the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Comrat is the capital.
June 10th The People's Republic of the Congo is renamed the Republic of the Congo .
28th of May The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is renamed Ethiopia .
May 18 The Republic of Somaliland declares its independence from the Federal Republic of Somalia . Hargeysa is the capital. The international community regards Somaliland as part of the sovereign territory of Somalia.
April 29 The Republic of Albania replaces the People's Socialist Republic of Albania .
9th April The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic splits off as Georgia from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Tbilisi remains the capital.
February 26th The state of Kuwait regained its independence after the Second Gulf War . The Iraq are its claim to Kuwait.
1990 December 1 The Republic of Mozambique replaces the People's Republic of Mozambique .
15th of November The People's Republic of Bulgaria changes its name to the Republic of Bulgaria .
October 3 The German Democratic Republic (GDR) is merged into the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) . Berlin becomes the capital of unified Germany by a parliamentary resolution on June 20, 1991 .
September 2nd The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic ( Transnistria ) declares its independence from the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Tiraspol becomes their capital.
August 28th The Iraq annexed the Republic of Kuwait .
August 25 The Republic of Abkhazia declares its independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Sukhumi is the capital.
4th of August The state of Kuwait changes its name to the Republic of Kuwait .
May 22 The Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) merge to form the Republic of Yemen . Aden gives way to Sanaa as the capital.
17th of May The Republic of Bougainville declares independence from Papua New Guinea . Buka is the capital.
8th of May The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic is renamed the Republic of Estonia .
May 4th The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic is renamed the Republic of Latvia and declares Soviet rule illegal and declares the restoration of Latvia's independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics .
April 23 The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic changes its name to the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic .
March 30 The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic declares Soviet rule illegal and declares the restoration of Estonia's independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics .
March 21st As the Republic of Namibia, South West Africa gains independence from South Africa . Windhoek remains the capital.
March 11 The Republic of Chile is moving its legislative capital from Santiago de Chile to Valparaíso . Santiago remains the administrative capital.
The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic declared Republic of Lithuania its full independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Vilnius remains the capital.
1st March The People's Republic of Benin changes its name to the Republic of Benin .

1980s

year date event
1989 30th of December The People's Republic of Poland changes its name to the Republic of Poland .
December 22 The Socialist Republic of Romania changes its name to Romania .
23rd October The People's Republic of Hungary changes its name to the Republic of Hungary .
30. September The Republic of Senegal and the Republic of Gambia separate from the Senegambia Confederation .
September 26th The Socialist Republic of Vietnam ends the occupation of Cambodia .
18th of June The Union of Burma changes its name to Union of Myanmar .
The Federated States of Micronesia are moving their capital from Kolonia to Palikir .
1st of May The State of Cambodia replaces the People's Republic of Kampuchea .
February 15th The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ends the occupation of Afghanistan .
1988 15th of November The State of Palestine declares its independence from the State of Israel . He claims the West Bank and Gaza Strip , areas that are considered occupied by Israel after the Six Day War . East Jerusalem is the proclaimed capital.
September 18 The Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma changes its name to Union of Burma .
1987 30th of November The Republic of Afghanistan replaces the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan .
January 1st New Zealand will become a fully sovereignstate independent ofthe United Kingdom after the Constitutional Law is passed.
1986 November 4th The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands becomes an island territory of the United States of America , thus dissolving the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands .
November 3rd As the Federated States of Micronesia, the Eastern Carolines gained independence from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands . Kolonia becomes the capital.
October 21 The Marshall Islands gain as the Republic of the Marshall Islands independence from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands . Majuro becomes the capital.
April 15th The People's Socialist Libyan Arab Jamahiriya is renamed the Great People's Libyan Arab Socialist Jamahiriya .
3 March The Commonwealth of Australia will become a fully sovereign state independent of the United Kingdom following the passage of the Australia Act .
January 1st Aruba is leaving the Netherlands Antilles to become one of the three countries that make up the Kingdom of the Netherlands following a change in the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Oranjestad is the capital.
1985 October 10th The Republic of Sudan replaces the Democratic Republic of the Sudan .
1984 November 29th The Beagle conflict between Chile and Argentina has been resolved. Argentina recognizes the Picton, Lennox, and Nueva Islands as Chilean.
15th of August Bourkina-Fasso changes its name to Burkina Faso .
4th of August The Republic of Upper Volta changes its name to Bourkina-Fasso .
February 4th The Republic of Cameroon replaces the United Republic of Cameroon .
January 1st Brunei gains independence from the United Kingdom as Negara Brunei Darussalam . Bandar Seri Begawan is the capital.
1983 15th of November The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus declares its independence from the Republic of Cyprus . The capital is North Nicosia . The international community regards the northern part of the island as the territory of the Republic of Cyprus under Turkish occupation.
September 19th The Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis gains independence from the United Kingdom . Basseterre is the capital.
March 21st The Republic of Ivory Coast is moving its capital from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro .
January 1st The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is changing the title of each of its crown colonies to that of a British dependent territory .
1982 15th of August The unrecognized kingdom of Rwenzururu is recaptured from Uganda .
14th June The United Kingdom recaptures the dependent territory of the Falkland Islands ( Islas Malvinas ) from the Argentine Republic . Great Britain returns the name Stanley to the capital, Puerto Argentino .
April 29 The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is moving its capital from Colombo to Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte .
17th April Canada will becomea fully sovereignstate independent ofthe United Kingdom following the passage of the Canada Act .
April 18 The Republic of Zimbabwe is changing many colonial place names, including the name of its capital city from Salisbury in Harare .
2nd of April The Argentine Republic annexes the United Kingdom- dependent area of ​​the Falkland Islands . Argentina renames the islands to Islas Malvinas and the capital Stanley to Puerto Argentino .
February 1st The Republic of Senegal and the Republic of Gambia unite to form the Senegambia Confederation . Dakar is the capital.
1981 December 26th The neutral zone ceases to exist as the border between Saudi Arabia and Iraq is established.
December 4th The Republic of Ciskei is declared independent by the Republic of South Africa .
November 1st Antigua and Barbuda gained independence from the United Kingdom . Saint John's is the capital.
21st September Belize gains independence from the United Kingdom . Belmopan is the capital.
1980 19. December The United Kingdom divides the Crown Colony of St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla into the Crown Colony of St. Christopher and Nevis and the Crown Colony of Anguilla . Basseterre remains the capital of St. Christopher and Nevis, and The Valley becomes the capital of Anguilla.
30th July The New Hebrides gained independence from a British-French condominium as the Republic of Vanuatu . Port Vila is the capital.
Israel passes the Jerusalem Law and expands its declared capital Jerusalem to include the annexed East Jerusalem . The United Nations void the law.
24th July The Republic of Vemerana belongs again to the Anglo-French condominium of the New Hebrides .
May 27th The Republic of Vemerana declares its independence from the Anglo-French condominium of the New Hebrides .
May 26 Tafea is again part of the Anglo-French condominium in the New Hebrides .
April 18 As the Republic of Zimbabwe, Southern Rhodesia gains independence from the United Kingdom . Salisbury remains the capital.
February 15th Tafea declares independence from the Anglo-French condominium of the New Hebrides .

1970s

year date event
1979 25 December The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics occupies the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan .
12th of December The Republic of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia will be dissolved as the UK regains control of Southern Rhodesia .
October 27 St. Vincent and the Grenadines gain independence from the United Kingdom . Kingstown becomes the capital.
October 1 The United States of America dissolve the Panama Canal Zone and return sovereignty to the Republic of Panama . The United States and Panama will jointly operate the Panama Canal through December 31, 1999.
September 20th The Central African Empire changes its name back to Central African Republic .
13.september The Republic of Venda is granted independence from South Africa . Thohoyandou is the capital.
July 12 The Gilbert Islands gain independence from the United Kingdom as the Republic of Kiribati . South Tarawa remains the capital.
June 1st The Republic of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia replaces the Republic of Rhodesia , although neither are recognized.
April 1st The Iran will change after the Islamic Revolution its name to Islamic Republic of Iran .
26th of March Israel agreestoreturnthe Sinai Peninsula to Egypt .
February 22 St. Lucia gains independence from the United Kingdom . Castries remains the capital.
10. January The People's Republic of Kampuchea replaces the Democratic Kampuchea .
January 7th The Socialist Republic of Vietnam occupies Democratic Kampuchea .
1978 December 29th After a transition to democracy, the state of Spain is renamed the Kingdom of Spain .
November 3rd Dominica gains independence from the United Kingdom as the Commonwealth of Dominica . Roseau is the capital.
5th October The state of Comoros changes its name to the Islamic Federal Republic of Comoros .
October 1 Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom . Funafuti is the capital.
7th of September The Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka changes its name to the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka .
Jul 7 The Solomon Islands gain independence from the United Kingdom . Honiara is the capital.
April, 30th The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan replaces the Republic of Afghanistan .
1977 6th of December The Republic of Bophuthatswana is declared independent from South Africa . Mmabatho is the capital.
June 27th The French territory of the Afar and the Issa gained independence from the French Republic as the Republic of Djibouti . The city of Djibouti remains the capital.
2nd March The Libyan Arab Republic changes its name to the People's Socialist Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .
1976 December 28th The People's Republic of Albania will be replaced by the People's Republic of Albania .
December 4th The Central African Republic changes its name to Central African Empire .
October 26th The Republic of Transkei is granted independence from South Africa . Mthatha is the capital.
August 7th The Republic of Northern Solomon Islands is conquered by Papua New Guinea .
17th July The Republic of Indonesia declares that East Timor is the Indonesian province of Timor Timur .
2nd July The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam unite to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam . Ho Chi Minh City is replaced by Hanoi as the capital.
June 29th The Seychelles become independent from the United Kingdom as the Republic of Seychelles . Victoria remains the capital of the Seychelles.
June 24th The Republic of the Philippines is Manila again as its capital. Quezon City , the previous capital, is combined with Manila and the surrounding suburbs to form Metro Manila . Baguio is no longer a summer capital.
23rd June In British Indian Ocean Territory , the islands of Aldabra , Farquhar and Desroches will be returned to the Seychelles for six days .
1st March Trinidad and Tobago is renamed the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago .
27th of February The Polisario Front explains the establishment of the Sahara Democratic Arab Republic in the region known as Western Sahara . El Aaiún is the proclaimed capital while Tifariti serves as the provisional capital. Morocco regards them as part of its sovereign territory.
3 February The People's Republic of Mozambique changes the name of its capital from Lourenço Marques to Maputo .
1975 30th of December The Republic of Madagascar changes its name to the Democratic Republic of Madagascar .
December 7th The Republic of Indonesia occupies East Timor .
2. December The People's Democratic Republic of Laos replaces the Kingdom of Laos .
30th of November The Republic of Dahomey changes its name to the People's Republic of Benin .
November 28th The Portuguese colony of East Timor declares its independence from the Portuguese Republic as the Democratic Republic of East Timor . Dili is the capital. Portugal and most other nations do not recognize the state.
25. November As the Republic of Suriname, Dutch Guiana gains full independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Paramaribo is the capital.
November 11th When Angola gains independence, Angolan troops invade and annex the Republic of Cabinda .
14th November Spain is relinquishing control of the Spanish Sahara. Both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania annexwhat isnow known as Western Sahara .
November 11th As the People's Republic of Angola, Angola gains independence from the Portuguese Republic . Luanda is the capital.
16th September The territory of Papua and New Guinea gains independence from Australia as the Independent State of Papua New Guinea . Port Moresby is the capital.
September 1 The Republic of Northern Solomon Islands declares its independence from Australia . Buka is the capital.
August 1st The Republic of Cabinda declares its independence from the Portuguese Republic with little recognition . Cabinda is the capital.
July 12 São Tomé and Príncipe gains independence from the Portuguese Republic as the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe . São Tomé is the capital.
July 6th As the state of the Comoros, the Comoros gained independence from the French Republic . Moroni on Grande Comore remains the capital.
5th July As the Republic of Cape Verde, Cabo Verde gains independence from the Portuguese Republic . Praia is the capital.
25th June As the People's Republic of Mozambique, Mozambique gains independence from the Portuguese Republic . Lourenço Marques remains the capital.
May 16 The Kingdom of Sikkim is annexed by India and becomes the state of Sikkim .
April, 30th The Republic of Vietnam is replaced by the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam . The name of the capital is changed from Saigon to Ho Chi Minh City .
17th April The Democratic Kampuchea under the Khmer Rouge replaces the Khmer Republic .
The capital of Malawi is relocated from Zomba to Lilongwe .
1974 13th December The Republic of Malta takes the place of the State of Malta.
October 19th Niue becomes a state in free association with New Zealand .
September 10 The Republic of Guinea changes its name to the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and moves its capital from Madina do Boe to Bissau . The Portuguese Republic recognizes the independence of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau.
June 29th Tanna is again part of the Anglo-French condominium in the New Hebrides .
June 28th The Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia ( Derg ) takes the place of the Ethiopian Empire . This also ends the Solomon dynasty .
March 24th Tanna declares independence from the Anglo-French condominium of the New Hebrides .
February 22 The Islamic Republic of Pakistan recognizes the independence of the People's Republic of Bangladesh .
February 7th Grenada gains independence from the United Kingdom . St. George's remains the capital.
January 4th The Union of Burma changes its name to the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma .
1973 November 19th Uruguay recognizes Isla Martín García as part of Argentina .
September 24th Portuguese Guinea declares its independence from the Portuguese Republic as the Republic of Guinea . Madina do Boe is the temporary capital.
17th July The Republic of Afghanistan replaces the Kingdom of Afghanistan .
10th of July The Bahamas gain as Commonwealth of The Bahamas independence from the United Kingdom . Nassau is the capital.
June 1st The Kingdom of Greece is renamed the Hellenic Republic .
In Gambia , the capital Bathurst is renamed Banjul .
1972 2th of June The United Republic of Cameroon replaces the Federal Republic of Cameroon .
May 22 The Dominion Ceylon changes its name to the Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka .
May 14th The Ryūkyū Islands are returned to Japan .
February 10th The Emirate of Ra's al-Khaimah joins the United Arab Emirates .
1971 2. December The Trucial States gain as UAE 's full independence from the United Kingdom . Abu Dhabi is the capital.
October 27 The Democratic Republic of the Congo changes its name to the Republic of Zaire .
October 25 The Republic of China is replaced by the People's Republic of China in the United Nations .
September 3 Qatar gains full independence from the United Kingdom as the State of Qatar . Doha is the capital.
September 1 The Arab Republic of Egypt replaces the United Arab Republic .
August 16 Bahrain gains full independence from the United Kingdom as the State of Bahrain . Manama is the capital.
April 19th Sierra Leone is renamed the Republic of Sierra Leone .
26th of March The People's Republic of Bangladesh ( East Pakistan ) declares its independence from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( West Pakistan ). Dhaka is the capital.
1970 December 1 The People's Republic of South Yemen changes its name to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen .
October 10th Fiji gains independence from the United Kingdom . Suva is the capital.
August 9 The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman is renamed the Sultanate of Oman .
June 4th The Kingdom of Tonga gains full independence from the United Kingdom . Nukuʻalofa is the capital.
March 18th The Khmer Republic replaces the Kingdom of Cambodia .
2nd March Rhodesia declares itself to be the Republic of Rhodesia .
2nd March Guyana is renamed the Cooperative Republic of Guyana .
15. January The Republic of Biafra capitulates and is reabsorbed by the Federal Republic of Nigeria .
January 3rd The Republic of the Congo is renamed the People's Republic of the Congo .

1960s

year date event
1969 December 18th The neutral zone is divided and the border between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait is determined.
October 21 The Somalia Democratic Republic replaces the Somalia Republic .
September 1 After a coup led by Muammar al-Gaddafi , the Kingdom of Libya becomes the Libyan Arab Republic .
25. May The Democratic Republic of the Sudan replaces the Republic of Sudan .
January 4th Ifni is handed over from Spain to the Kingdom of Morocco .
Indonesia annexes West Guinea under the Act of Free Choice .
1968 November 11th The Republic of the Maldives replaces the Sultanate of the Maldives .
October 12th Spanish Guinea gains independence from Spain as the Republic of Equatorial Guinea . Malabo is the capital.
September 6th The Kingdom of Swaziland gains full independence from the United Kingdom . Mbabane is the capital.
March 12th As the Republic of Mauritius, Mauritius gains independence from the United Kingdom . Port Louis is the capital.
31 January Nauru gains independence as the Republic of Nauru from a United Nations trusteeship jointly administered by Australia , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . Yaren remains the capital.
1967 November 7th South Yemen declares its independence from the United Kingdom as the People's Republic of South Yemen . Aden is the capital.
September 20th The Republic of Benin is annexed by Nigeria again .
September 19th The Republic of Benin declares its independence from Nigeria .
September 8th Uganda is renamed the Republic of Uganda .
August 14th The capital of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is relocated from Rawalpindi to Islamabad .
5th July The French Somaliland renamed French territory of the Afars and Issas.
June 10th Israel captured the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from the United Arab Republic , the West Bank (including East Jerusalem ) from Jordan and the Golan Heights from Syria as a result of the Six Day War .
30th May The Republic of Biafra declares itself independent from the Federal Republic of Nigeria . The capital is Enugu .
January 24th The Republic of the United States of Brazil changes its name to the Federative Republic of Brazil .
1966 30th of November Barbados gains independence from the United Kingdom . Bridgetown is the capital.
November 28th The Republic of Burundi replaces the Kingdom of Burundi .
4th of October The crown colony of the Basutoland Territory gains independence from the United Kingdom as the Kingdom of Lesotho . Maseru remains the capital.
30. September Bechuanaland gains independence from the United Kingdom as the Republic of Botswana . Gaborone is the capital.
June 30th The Democratic Republic of the Congo changes the name of its capital from Léopoldville to Kinshasa .
May 26 The crown colony of British Guiana gained independence from the United Kingdom as Guyana . Georgetown is the capital.
1965 November 11th The Cabinet of Southern Rhodesia declares itself independent from the United Kingdom as Rhodesia , which is not recognized internationally. Salisbury is the capital.
November 8th The United Kingdom creates the British Indian Ocean Territory from the Chagos Archipelago in Mauritius and the islands of Aldabra , Farquhar and Desroches from the Seychelles. Mauritius lays claim to the Chagos Archipelago.
August 21 The Romanian People's Republic changes its name to the Socialist Republic of Romania .
August 9 The Republic of Singapore separates from Malaysia . Singapore is the capital.
4th of August The Cook Islands become a state in free association with New Zealand .
July 26th The British protectorate over the Sultanate of the Maldives ends. Male is the capital.
February 18 As the Republic of Gambia, Gambia gains independence from the United Kingdom . Bathurst is the capital.
1964 12th of December Kenya is renamed the Republic of Kenya .
November 1st The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar changes its name to the United Republic of Tanzania .
October 24th Northern Rhodesia gained independence from the United Kingdom as the Republic of Zambia . Lusaka is the capital.
21st September The crown colony of Malta gains independence from the United Kingdom as the State of Malta . Valletta is the capital.
August 1st The Republic of the Congo-Léopoldville changes its name to the Democratic Republic of the Congo .
July 6th As the Republic of Malawi, Nyassaland gains independence from the United Kingdom . Zomba is the capital.
26th of April The Republic of Tanganyika and the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba unite to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar .
1963 December 31 The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is divided into Northern Rhodesia , Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland .
15th December The Spanish colonies Fernando Pó and Río Muni merge to form Spanish Guinea .
12th of December Kenya gains independence from the United Kingdom . Nairobi is the capital.
10th of December The Sultanate of Zanzibar becomes independent from the United Kingdom . Zanzibar City is the capital.
October 1 The Federation of Nigeria is renamed the Federal Republic of Nigeria .
September 23rd The Republic of Suvadiva is reunited with the Sultanate of the Maldives .
16th September The Malaya Federation joins the British colonies of Singapore , Sarawak and British North Borneo ( Sabah ) to form Malaysia . The capital is Kuala Lumpur .
August 31 The Republic of Singapore gains independence from the United Kingdom . The capital is Singapore.
June 30th The Kingdom of Rwenzururu declares its independence from Uganda without any recognition.
April 25 The Kingdom of Libya replaces the United Kingdom of Libya .
7th of April The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia changes its name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia .
3 March The disputed area of ​​the Shaksgam Valley is handed over from Pakistan to the People's Republic of China , although India still claims it.
15. January Katanga becomes part of Congo-Léopoldville again .
The People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba gains independence from the United Kingdom . Zanzibar City is the capital.
1962 21st November The disputed Aksai Chin area is ceded by Pakistan to the People's Republic of China , although India still claims it.
14th November Eritrea becomes a province of the Ethiopian Empire and loses the autonomy it had under the Federation.
9th October The Republic of Uganda gains independence from the United Kingdom . Kampala is the capital.
October 1 West Guinea will be handed over to the United Nations Temporary Executive Agency.
September 27th The Mutawakkili Kingdom of Yemen is overthrown by the Yemen Arab Republic . San'a becomes the capital of Yemen.
September 26th The capital of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen is relocated from Ta'izz to Sanaa .
25th of September Algeria becomes the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria .
August 31 Trinidad and Tobago gains independence from the United Kingdom . Port of Spain is the capital.
6th of August The United Kingdom creates the Cayman Islands' crown colony . George Town is the capital of the Cayman Islands.
The crown colony of Jamaica gains independence from the United Kingdom . Kingston remains the capital.
3rd of July The French colony of Algeria gains independence from the French Republic . Algiers is the capital.
July 1 The Kingdom of Burundi and the Republic of Rwanda gain independence from the Kingdom of Belgium . Bujumbura and Kigali are the respective capitals.
31. May The West Indies Federation is dissolved and the member states return to their status as part of the West Indies .

The changes include the following:

3 March The United Kingdom officially gives a unit to the territory claimed in Antarctica , the British Antarctic Territory , although this is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
January 1st The independent state of Western Samoa gains independence from New Zealand . Apia is the capital.
1961 30th of December The state of South Kasai becomes part of the Congo-Léopoldville again .
December 28th The Syrian Arab Republic separates from the United Arab Republic , leaving Egypt as the only member of the Federation.
19. December The Republic of India annexes Goa , Daman and Diu from Portuguese India .
9th of December Tanganyika gains independence from the United Kingdom . Dar es Salaam is the capital.
December 1 Dutch New Guinea is renamed West Guinea .
October 1 The southern part of British Cameroon gains independence from the United Kingdom and unites with the Republic of Cameroon to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon . The capital remains Yaoundé .
September 28th The Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli join India while Portugal ceases to claim it for itself.
Portugal cedes São João Baptista de Ajudá to Dahomey .
23rd June The Antarctic Treaty System comes into effect to administer the continent of Antarctica and all countries and waters south of the 60th parallel south.
June 19th The state of Kuwait gains independence from the United Kingdom . Kuwait City is the capital.
31. May The South African Union changes its name to the Republic of South Africa .
The north of British Cameroon joins Nigeria .
April 27 The Republic of Sierra Leone gains independence from the United Kingdom . Freetown remains the capital.
1960 November 28th The Islamic Republic of Mauritania gains independence from the French Republic . Nouakchott is the capital.
October 1 The Federation of Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom . Lagos is the capital.
September 22 The Republic of Mali gains independence from the French Republic. Bamako is the capital.
20th of August The Republic of Senegal gains independence from the French Republic . Dakar is the capital.
17th August The Republic of Gabon gains independence from the French Republic . Libreville is the capital.
August 16 The Republic of Cyprus gains independence from the United Kingdom . Lefkosia ( Nicosia ) is the capital. The UK retains control of Akrotiri and Dhekelia .
15th of August The Republic of the Congo ( Congo-Brazzaville ) gains independence from the French Republic . Brazzaville remains the capital.
13 August The Central African Republic gains independence from the French Republic . Bangui is the capital.
August 11th The Republic of Chad gains independence from the French Republic . N'Djamena is the capital.
August 7th The Ivory Coast gains independence from the French Republic . Abidjan is the capital.
5th of August The Republic of Upper Volta gains independence from the French Republic . Ouagadougou is the capital.
3rd August The Republic of Niger gains independence from the French Republic . Niamey is the capital.
August 1st The Republic of Dahomey gains independence from the French Republic . Porto-Novo is the capital.
The capital of Pakistan is relocated from Karachi to Rawalpindi .
July 11th The Czechoslovak Republic changes its name to the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic .
The State of Katanga declared its independence from the Congo-Leopoldville . The capital is Élisabethville .
July 1 The Republic of Somalia is created from the merger of the former colonies of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland . The capital is Mogadishu .
June 30th The Belgian Congo gains independence from the Kingdom of Belgium as the Congo-Léopoldville . Léopoldville is the capital.
June 26th The Republic of Madagascar gains independence from the French Republic . Antananarivo is the capital.
14th June The state of South Kasai declares itself independent from the Congo-Léopoldville . The capital is Bakwanga .
April 27 The Republic of Togo gains independence from the French Republic . Lomé is the capital.
April 21 The Republic of the United States of Brazil is moving its capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília .
January 1st The Republic of Cameroon gains independence from the French Republic . Yaoundé is the capital.
The British Virgin Islands become a separate colony of the United Kingdom from the West Indian Federation .

1950s

year date event
1959 July 4th In the West Indian Federation , the Turks and Caicos Islands become a separate colony from Jamaica .
4. April In French Africa, the colonies of Senegal and French Sudan merge to form the Federation of Mali .
January 3rd The Republic of Suvadiva separates from the Sultanate of the Maldives .
1958 December 8th Sovereignty over Gwadar is transferred from the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman to Pakistan .
4th of October The française community is created
October 2nd The Republic of Guinea gains independence from the French Republic . Conakry is the capital.
October 1 Sovereignty over Christmas Island will be transferred from the United Kingdom to Australia .
July 14th The Iraq and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan resulting from the resolution of the Arab Federation . Baghdad remains the capital of Iraq. Amman is again the capital of Jordan.
8th of March The United Arab States emerged from the merger of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen and the United Arab Republic .
February 22 Egypt and the Syrian Arab Republic merge to form the United Arab Republic . Cairo is the capital.
The United Nations trust territory administered by France , the French Togoland, is renamed Togo .
14th of February The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan merge to form the Arab Federation . Baghdad is the capital.
January 10-14 Spanish West Africa is divided into Spanish Sahara and Ifni .
January 3rd The United Kingdom creates the West Indies Federation as a federation of most of the British West Indies with the exception of the British Virgin Islands and the Bahamas. The de jure capital is Chaguaramas and the de facto capital is Port of Spain .
1957 August 31 The Malaya Federation gains independence from the United Kingdom . Kuala Lumpur is the capital.
6th March The Republic of Ghana gains independence from the United Kingdom . Accra is the capital.
January 1st The Saar is a federal state of Saarland part of the Federal Republic of Germany .
1956 13th December British Togoland is amalgamated with the Gold Coast by the United Kingdom .
October 29th The Tangier International Zone, under the joint administration of France , Spain , the United Kingdom , Italy , Portugal and Belgium , will be reintegrated into Morocco .
July The Egyptian Republic annexes the Suez Canal zone administered by France and the United Kingdom .
18th of June The Egyptian Republic declares its complete independence from the United Kingdom .
March 23 Pakistan adopts a new constitution and changes its name to Islamic Republic of Pakistan .
March, 20th The Republic of Tunisia gains independence from the French Republic . Tunis is the capital.
2nd March The Kingdom of Morocco gains independence from the French Republic . Rabat is the capital.
January 1st The Republic of Sudan gains independence from the United Kingdom . Khartoum is the capital. Egypt gives up its claim to Sudan.
1955 The Kingdom of Bhutan makes Thimphu the sole capital.
November 23 The United Kingdom hands over the Cocos Islands to Australia .
October 26th The state of Vietnam is renamed the Republic of Vietnam .
6th of August The French overseas territory Adélie-Land and the Madagascan dependencies of the Crozet Islands, the Kerguelen Islands and the Saint-Paul and Amsterdam Islands merge to form the French Southern and Antarctic Territories .
May 15 The Republic of Austria regains its independence. The allied occupation ends. Vienna is the capital.
1954 20th of December The French Republic recognizes the independence of the Kingdom of Cambodia . Phnom Penh is the capital.
15th December The Kingdom of the Netherlands makes the Dutch territory of Curaçao one of its three constituent countries as the Netherlands Antilles . The capital remains Willemstad on Curaçao .
The Kingdom of the Netherlands makes the Dutch territory of Suriname as Suriname one of its three constituent countries. The capital remains Paramaribo .
October 26th The Free Territory of Trieste is divided between Italy and Yugoslavia .
August 11th The Republic of India annexes Dadra and Nagar Haveli from Portuguese India.
20th of July The French Republic recognizes the independence of Vietnam, which is divided between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). Hanoi and Saigon are the respective capitals.
April 15th The Geneva Accords grant independence to Vietnam , which is temporarily divided into North Vietnam and South Vietnam .
1953 November 9th The Kingdom of Cambodia declares its independence from France . Phnom Penh is the capital.
October 22nd The Kingdom of Laos gains independence from France . Vientiane is the capital.
August 1st The British colonies of Northern Rhodesia , Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland merge to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland .
July 27th The Korean Armistice Agreement is signed, which establishes the Demilitarized Zone along the border between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea).
June 13th The Egyptian Republic replaces the Kingdom of Egypt .
April 15th The United States of Venezuela is renamed the Republic of Venezuela .
1952 October 17th The unrecognized Republic of the South Moluccas is recaptured from Indonesia .
September 15th Italian Eritrea becomes part of the Ethiopian Empire .
July 25th The territory of Puerto Rico becomes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico with the ratification of the Constitution of Puerto Rico and elects free association with the United States of America .
22nd of July The Republic of Poland changes its name to the People's Republic of Poland .
April 28 End of the Allied occupation of Japan .
1951 24th of December The United Kingdom of Libya gains independence after previously being divided into the independent Emirate of Cyrenaica , British-administered Tripolitania and the French military area of Fezzan-Ghadames . The capital is Tripoli.
June 11th Due to the reorganization of the Portuguese colonies in overseas provinces, Portuguese East Africa was renamed Mozambique and Portuguese West Africa was renamed Angola .
23. May The unrecognized state of Tibet is incorporated into the People's Republic of China .
February 15th The Republic of Poland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics exchange territories along their common border.
1950 December 5th The Kingdom of Sikkim signs a protectorate treaty with India .
17th August The Republic of the United States of Indonesia becomes a unitary state and changes its name back to the Republic of Indonesia .
April 25 The Republic of the South Moluccas declares its independence from Indonesia .
January 26th India adopts a republican constitution and changes its name to Republic of India .

1940s

year date event
1949 December 27th The Republic of Indonesia becomes a federation as the Republic of the United States of Indonesia and its independence is formally recognized by the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The capital is returning to Jakarta from Yogyakarta .
December 8th The government of the Republic of China is leaving mainland China for Taiwan , where it is still based today. Taipei becomes the de facto capital.
December 5th The State of Israel declares Jerusalem its official capital. Tel Aviv continues to serve as the de facto capital.
21st November The British-administered protectorates of the Emirate of Cyrenaica , the occupied territory of Tripolitania and the French-occupied territory of Fessan are merging to form a jointly administered Libya .
November 8th The remains of French Indochina form the of France managed Kingdom of Cambodia .
November 6th The Australian- administered New Guinea Territory and the Papua Territory merge to form the Papua and New Guinea Territory .
November The territory of the Italian Somaliland occupied by the United Kingdom is transferred to Italy as the Italian Somalia Trustee Territory .
the 20th of October The Republic of East Turkestan , backed by the Soviet Union , is annexed by the People's Republic of China .
October 7th The German Democratic Republic (GDR) is founded in Soviet-occupied East Germany . East Berlin is the capital.
October 1 Mao Zedong proclaims the People's Republic of China . Beijing is the capital.
the 9th of September The Kingdom of Tripura merges with India .
20th of August The People's Republic of Hungary takes the place of the Republic of Hungary .
8th August The Indian protectorate of the Kingdom of Bhutan declares its independence.
July 19 The territory of Laos in French Indochina becomes a separate entity under France as the Kingdom of Laos .
20th June The war in Palestine ends, dividing the former mandate between Israel , Jordan and Egypt .
14th June The territory of Vietnam in French Indochina becomes an independent unit under France as the state of Vietnam .
23. May The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in West Germany and West Berlin will be located in the US, British and French zones of Germany's occupation. The capital is Bonn .
May 11th The Kingdom of Siam changes its name back to the Kingdom of Thailand .
3rd of April The Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan is renamed the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan .
March 31 The Dominion Newfoundland joins Canada as the province of Newfoundland and Labrador after the referendums in Newfoundland .
March 10th As a result of the Palestine War , Israel conquered half of the land allocated to an Arab state under the partition plan, Jordan occupied the West Bank and Egypt occupied the Gaza Strip .
1st March The Emirate of Cyrenaica is formed from part of the British military administration of Libya . The capital is Benghazi .
1948 September 20th The Dutch colony of Curaçao and dependencies is renamed the Netherlands Antilles , with the dependencies gaining in sovereignty.
12th September The state of Hyderabad is annexed by India .
the 9th of September Korea is divided between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). Pyongyang and Seoul are the respective capitals.
17th July The Republic of the Philippines is moving its capital from Manila to Quezon City .
May 14th The State of Israel is established after the end of the British mandate over Palestine . Tel Aviv is the capital.
April 18 Ireland is declared the Republic of Ireland .
27th of March The state of Kalat becomes part of Pakistan .
February 4th The Crown Colony Ceylon gains independence from the United Kingdom as Dominion Ceylon . Colombo is the capital.
January 30th The Malay Union is renamed the Malaya Federation .
January 4th The Union of Burma gains independence from the United Kingdom . Yangon is the capital.
The Mutawakkilitische Kingdom of Yemen in Northern Yemen moves its capital from Sanaa to Taizz .
1947 30th of December The People's Republic of Romania takes the place of the Kingdom of Romania .
December 26th Sovereignty over Heard Island and McDonald Islands will be transferred from the United Kingdom to Australia .
15th December France claims the Saarland as a protectorate from occupied Germany .
25. November New Zealand ceases to be a dominion of the British Empire .
November 1st The Nauru League of Nations mandate is transferred to the United Nations as trust territory.
October 27 Jammu and Kashmir is divided between India and Pakistan .
October, 16th Seven of the Turtle Islands are ceded by the United Kingdom to the Philippines .
September 15th The Free Territory of Trieste is created.
15th of August India gains independence from the United Kingdom . New Delhi i is the capital.
August 14th Pakistan gains independence from the United Kingdom . Karachi is the capital.
12. August Independence of the State of Kalat from the United Kingdom . Kalat is the capital.
July 18th The mandate for the South Pacific ( League of Nations ), administered by Japan , is being transferred to the United States- administered Pacific Islands ( United Nations ) Trust Territory .
May 3rd The new constitution of Japan is adopted, whereby the Japanese Empire is dissolved.
February 10th The Republic of Italy is returning its concession in Tientsin to the Republic of China .
January 25th The New Zealand- administered League of Nations mandate for Western Samoa is transferred to the United Nations as trust territory.
1946 15th December The Soviet- occupied area of ​​the Republic of Mahabad is returned to Iran .
December 8th The League of Nations mandate for the Territory of New Guinea is conferred as United Nations Trusteeship Territory , administered by Australia .
December Several mandates of the League of Nations in Africa are delegated to the United Nations as trust territories:
  • December 11th - Tanganyika area is renamed Tanganyika (British-administered)
November The territory of the Azerbaijani People's Government occupied by the Soviets is returned to Iran .
October 27 The French Republic elevates its colonies of French Equatorial Africa , French West Africa and Madagascar to overseas territories; the French colony of Comoros is separated from Madagascar, and French Somaliland is renamed the French Somaliland territory.
October 14th The Provisional Government of the French Republic is renamed the French Republic .
September 15th The People's Republic of Bulgaria takes the place of Tsarist Bulgaria . The capital is Sofia .
July 26th The Spanish colonies Ifni and Spanish Sahara merge to form Spanish West Africa .
July 13th In Montenegro (then part of Yugoslavia ) the city of Podgorica is renamed Titograd.
July 4th The Republic of the Philippines gains independence from the United States of America . The capital is Manila .
In the Soviet Union , the city of Koenigsberg is renamed Kaliningrad .
2th of June The Kingdom of Italy is renamed the Republic of Italy .
25. May The Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan gains independence from a British mandate from the League of Nations. Amman is the capital.
April 1st The Malay Union is created.
February 28 The French concessions in Shanghai , Tientsin and Zhanjiang will be returned to the Republic of China .
February 1st The Republic of Hungary takes the place of the Kingdom of Hungary .
22nd of January The Soviet Union occupies a part of northwestern Iran , from these areas the Republic of Mahabad emerges .
11th January The People's Republic of Albania replaces the Democratic Government of Albania .
January 4 The Republic of Indonesia is moving its capital from Jakarta to Yogyakarta .
1945 December 29th Dutch New Guinea is separated from Dutch East Indies .
December 26th The Republic of Poland becomes independent.
2. December The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia replaces the Kingdom of Yugoslavia .
November The Soviet Union invades northwest Iran and creates the puppet state of the Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan .
October 25 Taiwan will be returned to the Republic of China .
October 24th The United Nations is founded in San Francisco .
October 17th The Soviet Union annexes northern East Prussia .
October, 16th The Japanese puppet state of the Kingdom of Cambodia reverts to France and is again subordinated to French Indochina .
October 7th The Andaman and Nicobar Islands revert to the United Kingdom from the Japanese Empire .
October The Christmas Island falls from the Empire of Japan to the United Kingdom back.
September 23rd The Kingdom of Laos , which was occupied by the Japanese Empire , reverts to France and is again subordinated to French Indochina .
16th September The United Kingdom's occupation of the Faroe Islands ends and they are returned to Denmark .
13.september Nauru is taken over by the allied forces and placed under a trusteeship that of Australia , New Zealand and the United Königreic h is managed.
12th September Malaya reverts to the United Kingdom from the Japanese Empire .
Singapore falls back from the Japanese Empire to the United Kingdom .
September 11 Conquered by the Japanese Empire , Timor is divided between the Portuguese East Timor and the Dutch West Timor .
September 10 North Borneo reverts to the United Kingdom from the Japanese Empire .
the 9th of September The Republic of China will take over the Reorganized Government of the Republic of China .
September 8th The Kingdom of Thailand changes its name back to the Kingdom of Siam .
September 4th The United States occupies Wake Island .
September 3 The United States occupies the Bonin Islands and the Volcanic Islands.
September 2nd The Democratic Republic of Vietnam declares its independence from France . Hanoi is the capital.
The Japanese Empire surrenders to the Allied forces .
The capital of the Republic of China is being relocated from Chungking back to Nanking .
August 30th Bảo Đại abdicates. End of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnam .
August 28th British Hong Kong becomes the Crown Colony of the United Kingdom .
17th August The Republic of Indonesia declares its independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Jakarta is the capital.
The Commonwealth of the Philippines replaces the Japanese- occupied Independent Republic of the Philippines .
August 16 Hong Kong is liberated from Japan by the allied forces and placed back under the administration of the United Kingdom .
15th of August Korea gains independence from the Japanese Empire . Seoul is the capital.
Manchukuo is conquered by the Soviet Union .
French Indochina is restored.
August 11th The Empire of Vietnam , occupied by the Japanese Empire , reverts to France .
June 29th A treaty is signed between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia under which the Soviet Union annexes the Carpathian Ukraine .
14th June Brunei falls back from the Japanese Empire to the United Kingdom and becomes a protectorate.
May 13th The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia is reintegrated into Czechoslovakia .
May 9 Norway isliberatedfrom allied forces and the Norwegian Reichskommissariat dissolved.
The Channel Islands fall back from the German Empire to the United Kingdom .
8th of May The German Reich surrenders to the Allied forces .
The independent state of Croatia is returned to Yugoslavia by the Allies .
May 7th The Dodecanese are captured by the Allied forces and handed over to Greece .
5th of May The occupation of the Kingdom of Denmark by the Flensburg government ends. Greenland is returned to Denmark by the protection of the United States .
The Reichskommissariat Netherlands is liberated and merged with the loyal colonies of Curaçao and Dependenzen and Suriname to form the Kingdom of the Netherlands .
1./2. May After the death of Adolf Hitler and the victory of the Allies in the Battle of Berlin , the government of the German Reich was moved from Berlin to Flensburg and the Flensburg government was formed.
April 27 The second republic of Austria is established in occupied Austria. Vienna is the capital. Independence is recognized by the Allies .
April 25 The Italian Social Republic is by the Allies from the German Reich recaptured and to the Kingdom of Italy passed.
April 8th The Kingdom of Laos declares its independence under Japanese occupation, while Japanese Indochina ceases to exist as a political entity.
4. April The Slovak Republic is liberated from the German Empire and handed over to the Czechoslovak Republic .
3rd of April The Czechoslovak Republic is liberated from the German Empire .
The United States takes over the Ryūkyū Islands
27th of March The state of Burma is recaptured by the Allied forces and becomes the British Crown Colony of Burma.
March, 20th France gets Alsace-Lorraine back.
March 18th The Kingdom of Cambodia declares its independence from the Japanese Empire .
March 11 The Empire of Vietnam declares its independence from the Japanese Empire .
8th of March The Kingdom of Hungary is liberated from the German Empire .
January 17th The Polish territory of the General Government is liberated from the German Reich by the Allies .
1944 17th of June The Kingdom of Iceland ends its personal union with the Kingdom of Denmark and becomes the Republic of Iceland .
15th December The Kingdom of Montenegro , a puppet state of the Italian Social Republic (itself a puppet state of the German Empire ), is conquered by the allied armed forces .
November 13th The Independent State of Macedonia is liberated from the Axis powers and returned to Yugoslavia .
November 12th The Republic of East Turkestan declares its independence from the Republic of China .
November 3rd The Hellenic State is completely liberated from the Axis powers . The Kingdom of Greece is the successor.
the 20th of October The Kingdom of Albania is liberated from the Axis powers. The Democratic Government of Albania is the successor.
Serbia is liberated from the Axis powers and Yugoslavia takes control again.
October, 16th The Kingdom of Hungary becomes the puppet state of National Socialist Germany , with the name of the Kingdom of Hungary being retained.
October 13th The Reichskommissariat Ostland is completely conquered by the Allied forces and integrated into the Soviet Union .
October 11th The Soviet Union annexes the Tuvinian People's Republic .
September 11 The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is liberated from the German Empire .
September 8th The Independent State of Macedonia is founded in Bulgarian-controlled Macedonia.
September 3 The military administration in Belgium and northern France is liberated from the German Reich . The Kingdom of Belgium is reformed, with the Belgian Congo coming under the control of the Belgian government after remaining loyal to the government in exile.
20th of August The French state is renamed the Provisional Government of the French Republic .
February 2nd The Reichskommissariat Ukraine is recaptured from the Soviet Union .
1943 December 1 The National Republican State is renamed the Italian Social Republic .
22nd of November The League of Nations mandate for Syria and Lebanon , which consists of Greater Lebanon and the Republic of Syria , is given independence as the Lebanese Republic and Syrian Republic .
23rd October The Japanese-occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands are conquered by the Allied forces .
October 14th The Japanese-occupied Philippines gained independence as the Republic of the Philippines .
September 23rd The part of Italy occupied by the German Reich , as the National Republican State of Italy, becomes a German puppet state.
September 11 The Dodecanese are occupied by the German Empire .
September 10 The Kingdom of Montenegro is occupied and a protectorate by the German Reich .
September 8th The Kingdom of Albania is occupied and a protectorate by the German Reich .
September The French Antilles and Guiana are divided into French Guiana , Guadeloupe , Inini , Martinique, and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon .
August 1st Burma gained independence as the state of Burma under Japanese occupation .
30th July The French concession of Shanghai and the French concession of Tientsin are conquered by the Japanese Empire .
June 26th The German Reich is officially renamed the Greater German Reich .
30th May The island of Attu is retaken from the United States .
February Guangzhouwan is conquered by the Japanese Empire .
January The French military territory of Fezzan Ghadames comes into being when free French troops from Chad invade Italian Libya. Sabha is the capital.
1942 December 28th Allied forces take French Somaliland from Vichy France .
December 14th Allied forces take Madagascar from Vichy France .
November 28th Allied forces take Réunion from Vichy France .
November 8th The Allied forces take the Kingdom of Morocco from Vichy France .
November 1st The southern part of Sakhalin Island is incorporated into the Japanese Empire as Karafuto Prefecture .
November The British military administration of Libya begins when British troops from Egypt into the Cyrenaica invade.
Allied forces take French West Africa from Vichy France .
23rd October The Allies take Tripolitania from Italy and it becomes an occupied territory of the United Kingdom .
9th October The Commonwealth of Australia ceases to be a Dominion within the British Empire .
26th of August The Japanese Empire occupies the islands of Banaba and Nauru from the United Kingdom .
August 1st The Japanese Empire occupies Burma from the United Kingdom .
June 7th The Japanese Empire occupies Attu and Kiska Island from the United States .
March 31 The Japanese Empire occupies Christmas Island and the Straits Settlements from the United Kingdom .
March 23 The Japanese Empire occupies the Andaman and Nicobar Islands from the United Kingdom .
8th of March The Japanese Empire occupied the Dutch East Indies from the Netherlands .
20. February The Japanese Empire occupies Timor from the Netherlands and Portugal .
February 15th The Japanese Empire occupies Singapore from the United Kingdom .
6th January The Japanese Empire occupies Brunei from the United Kingdom .
January 2nd The Japanese Empire occupies the Philippines from the United States .
1941 25 December The Japanese Empire occupies Hong Kong from the United Kingdom .
24th of December The Japanese Empire occupies Sarawak from the United Kingdom .
23rd of December The Japanese Empire occupies Wake from the United States .
10th of December The Japanese Empire occupies Guam from the United States .
December 8th The Japanese Empire begins the occupation of British Malaya from the United Kingdom .
November 28th Allied forces take Italian East Africa from Italy .
17th July After the occupation of Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania , the German Reich founds the Reichskommissariat Ostland .
After the occupation of Ukraine , the German Reich founds the Reichskommissariat Ukraine .
July 12 After Italy in Montenegro is invaded, it creates the protectorate Kingdom of Montenegro .
July France shares French Indochina with the Japanese Empire .
May 19th Eritrea isconqueredby the United Kingdom .
5th of May The Ethiopian Empire is revived after being under Italian control.
April, 30th The military administration in Serbia is created after the invasion of the German Reich .
17th April The Kingdom of Yugoslavia is dissolved due to the invasions of the Axis powers .
10th of April The Independent State of Croatia is created in parts of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia .
9th April Greenland and the Kingdom of Iceland are placed under the protection of the United States .
April 6th The Kingdom of Greece is occupied by the Axis powers.
February 26th Allied forces capture Italian Somaliland from Italy .
February Kyrenaica is taken over by the United Kingdom .
1940 August 19th British Somaliland is taken over by Italian forces and becomes part of Italian East Africa .
6th of August Estonia isannexedby the Soviet Union andbecomesa Soviet republic.
5th of August Latvia isannexedby the Soviet Union andbecomesa Soviet republic.
3rd August Lithuania isannexedby the Soviet Union andbecomesa Soviet republic.
August 2nd Moldova isannexedby the Soviet Union andbecomesa Soviet republic.
July 31 The Generalgouvernement for the occupied Polish territories is renamed Generalgouvernement .
July 1 Jersey is occupied by the German Reich .
June 30th Guernsey is occupied by the German Empire .
June 28th The Soviet Union occupies Bessarabia and northern Bukovina from Romania .
June 22 The Third French Republic is renamed the French State ( Vichy Regime ). The north of France is occupied by the German Empire .
15th June The German Empire annexes Alsace-Lorraine .
June 7th The Reichskommissariat Norway is created when German troops invade the Kingdom of Norway and its overseas territories.
17th of May The military administration in Belgium and Northern France and the Reichskommissariat Belgium and Northern France are created when the German armed forces march into the Kingdom of Belgium .
May 14th The Reichskommissariat Netherlands is created when German troops march into the Kingdom of the Netherlands .
10th of May The military administration of Luxembourg and the civil administration area of ​​Luxembourg are created when the German armed forces march into the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg .
12. April The Faroe Islands are occupied by the United Kingdom .
9th April The Kingdom of Denmark is occupied by German troops, while Greenland is granted autonomy.
March 30 The Provisional Government of the Republic of China and the Reformed Government of the Republic of China merge to form the Reorganized Government of the Republic of China .
March 12th The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic comes into being when the Soviet Union invades the Democratic Republic of Finland .

1930s

year date event
1939 December 1 The Finnish Democratic Republic was founded after the Soviet Union invaded Finland. Terijoki is de facto the capital.
October 12th The General Government for the occupied Polish territories was created after the German Reich invaded the Republic of Poland .
October 6th The former territory of the Republic of Poland is divided between the German Empire and the Soviet Union .
September 14th The colonies of French Guiana , Guadeloupe , Inini , Martinique as well as Saint Pierre and Miquelon become part of the colony of the French West Indies and Guiana.
September 2nd The Free City of Danzig is annexed by the German Reich .
September 1 The Second World War begins with the invasion of Poland by the German Reich .
The puppet state Mengjiang , dominated by the Japanese Empire , emerges.
July 23 The Turkey annexed the Republic of Hatay complete.
23rd June The Kingdom of Siam changes its name to the Kingdom of Thailand .
12. April Italy annexes the Kingdom of Albania .
April 1st The State of Spain replaces the Second Spanish Republic .
March 18th The Carpathian Ukraine is annexed by Hungary .
March, 15 The Czechoslovakia in the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , the Slovak Republic and the Carpathian Ukraine divided.
1938 30. September The Munich Agreement transfers the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to the German Empire and gives parts of Slovakia to Hungary .
7th of September The area known as Hatay gains independence from Syria as the Hatay Republic .
29th of July The Australian Federal Capital Territory is renamed the Australian Capital Territory .
28th March The Reformed Government of the Republic of China is formed after Japan invades northeast China.
March 13th The German Reich annexed Austria in connection .
January 14th Norway makes claims to Queen Maud Land in Antarctica, which lies between 20 ° West and 45 ° East.
January 12th Tristan da Cunha becomes a dependency on St. Helena , a crown colony of the United Kingdom .
1937 December 29th The Irish Free State changes its name to Ireland .
December 14th The Japanese invasion of China continues with the creation of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China .
December 5th The Japanese Empire occupies Shanghai .
April 1st The Aden branch is separated from British India and converted into the Aden Protectorate .
British Burma is separated from British India .
1936 December 22 The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 is ratified and all British troops except the Suez Canal zone are withdrawn from Egypt .
December 5th In the French mandate of Syria, Sanjak is integrated into the Syrian Republic by Latakia .
2. December In the French mandate of Syria, Jabal ad-Druze is integrated into the Syrian Republic .
October 14th Spanish Guinea is taken over by Spanish nationalist forces.
September Ifni and Spanish Sahara are taken over by Spanish nationalist forces.
July 23 The state of Spain declares itself to be the sole government of Spain.
17th July Spanish nationalist forces, led by Francisco Franco, take over Spanish Morocco and start the Spanish Civil War .
June 1st The Italian colonies of Eritrea , Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland merge to form Italian East Africa .
May 9 The Empire of Ethiopia is taken over by Italy as the Italian colony of Ethiopia after the Second Italo-Abyssinian War .
1935 25. November The Autonomous Government of East Hebei is established in China after the invasion of the Japanese Empire in Hebei . Tongzhou is the capital.
15th of November The US territory of the Philippines becomes the semi-independent Commonwealth of the Philippines .
November 3rd The Hellenic Republic is renamed the Kingdom of Greece after a coup re-established the monarchy.
April 1st The Saar area is taken over by the German Reich .
26th of March The Jarvis Island is from the United Kingdom to the United States given.
March 21st Reza Shah Pahlavi changes the name of Persia to Iran .
1934 15th October The Chinese Soviet Republic is annexed by the Republic of China .
October 7th The Catalan state is dissolved and becomes part of the Republic of Spain again .
October 6th The Catalan state declares itself independent from the Republic of Spain . The capital is Barcelona .
February 6th The Islamic Republic of East Turkistan is annexed by the Republic of China .
January 1st Italy creates Italian Libya by merging the colonies of Tripolitania , Cyrenaica and Fessan . The capital is Tripoli .
1933 November 12th The Uighur independence movement proclaims the Islamic Republic of East Turkistan . Kashgar is the capital.
June 13th The United Kingdom cedes Enderbyland and Victoria Land as Australian Antarctic Territory to Australia .
April 5th Eirik Raude's land in Greenland is ceded by Norway to Denmark .
March 23 The Third Reich follows the Weimar Republic .
1932 October 3 The Kingdom of Iraq gains independence from the United Kingdom . Baghdad is the capital.
September 23rd The personal union of the Kingdom of Najd and Hejaz unites to form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia .
13.september The Socialist Republic of Chile changes its name back to the Republic of Chile .
June 4th The Republic of Chile changes its name to the Socialist Republic of Chile .
February 18 The Japanese Empire occupies northeast China and establishes the puppet state of Manchukuo . Hsinking becomes its capital.
1931 11th December Canada takes full control of its foreign policy and thus independence from the United Kingdom .
November 7th The Chinese Soviet Republic is established by the Communist Party of China as a group of discontinuous areas within the greater Republic of China .
10th of July Norway claims the territory of Eirik Raudes Land in East Greenland .
April 28 The Catalan Republic becomes part of Spain again .
April 14th The Second Spanish Republic replaces the Kingdom of Spain . The Catalan Republic then declared independence from Spain.
January 28th France officially annexes the Isla de la Pasión as Clipperton Island .
15. January Belgium's concession within the city of Tientsin will be returned to the Republic of China .
1930 September The Kurdish Republic of Ararat is recaptured from Turkey .

1920s

Year Date Event
1929 October 3 The Kingdom of Yugoslavia replaces the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes .
October The Kingdom of Afghanistan replaces the Emirate of Afghanistan .
3rd of June Tacna is returned to Peru from Chile .
February 2nd Norway claims the Peter I Island .
February The Vatican City gains independence from the Kingdom of Italy . The Vatican City itself is the capital.
January The Kingdom of Afghanistan is replaced by the Emirate of Afghanistan .
1928 December 29th The Republic of China sets Nanking as the official capital, which is later codified in the Constitution of the Republic of China .
September 1 The Kingdom of Albania replaces the Republic of Albania .
1927 28th of October The Republic of Ararat declares independence from Turkey .
May 9 Australia moves its capital from Melbourne to Canberra .
12. April The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland changes its name to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .
1926 June 30th Oltre Giuba becomes part of Italian Somaliland .
June 9th Afghanistan becomes the Kingdom of Afghanistan .
May 27th The Rif Republic is disbanded by Spanish and French occupying forces in Morocco.
The Kingdom of Belgium moves the capital of its Belgian Congo colony from Boma to Leopoldville .
1925 12th of December End of the Qajar dynasty in Persia. Beginning of the Pahlavi dynasty .
6th of December The United Kingdom adjusts the borders of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in favor of Italian Libya and gives up territories.
July 1 The Republic of China is moving its provisional capital from Nanking to Canton .
June 29th The United Kingdom transfers control of northern Jubaland to Italy , which becomes the Italian colony of Oltre Giuba .
22nd of January The Republic of Albania replaces the Principality of Albania .
January 1st The Kingdom of Norway changes the name of its capital from Kristiania to Oslo .
1924 November 26th The Mongolian People's Republic is founded. Ulaanbaatar is the capital.
October 27 The People's Republic of Khorezmia joins the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics .
February 17th The People's Republic of Bukhara joins the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics .
1923 October 29th The Republic of Turkey is founded after the fall of the Ottoman Empire . Ankara is the capital.
1922 30th of December The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic merge to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union).
December 8th Northern Ireland is leaving the Irish Free State to form part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland .
6th of December The I imperious Free State created by the elimination of a large part of the island of Ireland from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . Dublin is the capital.
November 17th The Ottoman Empire is dissolved. Most of its territories become protectorates of the victorious powers of World War I.
15th of November The Far Eastern Republic is dissolved and merged with the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic .
March 12th The Socialist Council Republic of Georgia, the Azerbaijani Socialist Council Republic and the Armenian Socialist Council Republic merge to form the Transcaucasian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic . Tbilisi is the capital.
February 28 The Kingdom of Egypt gains independence from the United Kingdom . Cairo is the capital.
1921 November 2 The Sultanate of Ha'il is conquered by the Saudis .
October 13th In the Treaty of Kars, Turkey gives up claims to Armenia , but gains the area around Kars and South Achara.
Niger is founded as an independent French colony. Zinder becomes the capital.
October 12th Upper Silesia is divided between Poland and Germany .
September 18 The Rif Republic is declared in Spanish Morocco without recognition.
August 14th The Tuvinian People's Republic is born.
June 1st France reorganizes French West Africa and the colony of Mauritania is founded.
March 18th The Peace of Riga defines new borders between Poland and the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic , the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic .
February 25 The Council Socialist Republic of Georgia replaces the Democratic Republic of Georgia .
1920 November 29th The Armenian Socialist Council Republic replaces the Democratic Republic of Armenia .
8th October The People's Republic of Bukhara follows the Emirate of Bukhara .
June 11th The United Kingdom converts the Protectorate of British East Africa into the colony of Kenya . The capital is Nairobi .
July 9 North Schleswig officially falls to Denmark after a referendum at the beginning of the year .
June 4th The Trianon Treaty is signed by Hungary . Its conditions include:
Late April Western Thrace is awarded to Greece by the Entente .
April 28 The Azerbaijan Council Socialist Republic replaces the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan .
26th of April The People's Republic of Khorezmia succeeds the Khiva Khanate .
April 6th The Far Eastern Republic is founded. Chita becomes the capital.
February 29th The Kingdom of Hungary replaces the Republic of Hungary .
February 2nd The Estonian War of Independence ends with the Treaty of Tartu , which grants areas around Ivangorod (Jaanilinn) and Pechory (Petseri) from Soviet Russia to Estonia .
10. January The United Kingdom officially takes over the administration of German East Africa and changes its name to Tanganyika .
10. January The League of Nations is founded.

1910s

year date event
1919 November 27th Bulgaria signs the Neuilly-sur-Seine Treaty , with the following conditions:
25th of September Svalbard is awarded to Norway .
12th September The Bonin-Pichon Agreement transfers two desert strips from French control to Italian Libya .
September 10 Austria signs the Treaty of Saint-Germain with the following conditions:
8th August Afghanistan declares its independence from the United Kingdom .
The Hungarian Republic replaces the Hungarian People's Republic .
August 2nd The Hungarian People's Republic replaces the Hungarian Soviet Republic .
17th July The Republic of Finland replaces the Kingdom of Finland .
10th of July France and the UK agree on a border between their mandates in Cameroon.
June 28th After the First World War , the Treaty of Versailles and the Small Treaty of Versailles are signed, with the following conditions:
30th May Rwanda-Urundi is given as a mandate to Belgium .
May 7th German New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago are mandated to Australia .
German South West Africa is assigned to South Africa as a mandate.
German Samoa is assigned to New Zealand as a mandate.
The German islands in the North Pacific are awarded as a mandate to Japan .
Nauru is assignedas a mandate tothe British Empire (eventually the United Kingdom , Australia and New Zealand ).
May 6th The Kionga Triangle is assigned as a mandate to Portugal .
Cameroon and Togoland are mandated by France and the United Kingdom, respectively .
May 3rd The Free State of Bavaria replaces the Munich Soviet Republic .
7th of April The Munich Soviet Republic replaces the People's State of Bavaria .
March 21st The Hungarian Soviet Republic replaces the Hungarian People's Republic .
1st March The state of East Uruguay changes its name to Republic of East Uruguay .
French West Africa is reorganized with Upper Volta becoming a separate colony.
27th of February The Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic replaces the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic . Vilnius is the capital.
February 1st The Soviet puppet state Commune of the Working People of Estonia loses its entire territory to the Republic of Estonia .
January 1st The Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic replaces the Belarusian People's Republic . Minsk and Smolensk form the common capitals.
1918 December 1 Iceland, a homeland dependent territory of the Kingdom of Denmark , becomes the fully sovereign Kingdom of Iceland in personal union with Denmark . Reykjavík is the capital.
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbia merge to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes .
The Union of Transylvania with Romania is proclaimed.
November 29th The puppet state Commune of the Working People of Estonia is founded in Soviet-occupied Estonia.
November 28th The Kingdom of Serbia annexes the Kingdom of Montenegro .
The union of Bukovina with Romania is proclaimed.
25. November The Vojvodina , formerly part of Austria-Hungary , unites with the Kingdom of Serbia .
22nd of November France annexes the Republic of Alsace-Lorraine .
November 18 The Republic of Latvia gains independence from the Russian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic . Riga is the capital.
November 16 The Hungarian People's Republic replaces the Kingdom of Hungary .
15th of November The Kingdom of Serbia invades the short-lived Banat Republic and divides it between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and Romania .
14th November The Second Polish Republic follows the reign of Poland .
November 12th The state of German Austria is proclaimed.
November 10th The Republic of Alsace-Lorraine is proclaimed. Strasbourg is the capital.
November 9th The Weimar Republic replaces the German Empire .
November 5th The United Kingdom annexed Cyprus from the Ottoman Empire .
November 2 The Republic of Lithuania replaces the Kingdom of Lithuania .
November 1st The Mutawakkilitic Kingdom of Yemen gains independence from the Ottoman Empire . Sanaa becomes its capital.
The Banat Republic is proclaimed. Timișoara is the capital.
The short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic is proclaimed.
October 31 The Kingdom of Hungary declares its independence from Austria-Hungary . Budapest is the capital.
October 29th The state of Slovenes, Croatians and Serbs gained independence from Austria-Hungary . Zagreb is the capital.
July 25th The Kingdom of Belgium takes on the independent state of Flanders again.
July 9 The Kingdom of Lithuania replaces the State of Lithuania . Vilnius is the capital.
30th May Armenia changes its name to the Democratic Republic of Armenia .
28th of May Armenia and the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan dissolve the Transcaucasian Democratic Federal Republic . Yerevan and Baku are the respective capitals.
May 26 The Democratic Republic of Georgia is withdrawing from the Transcaucasian Federal Democratic Republic .
May 11th The mountain republic annexes the emirate of Chechnya .
April 22 The Transcaucasian Federal Democratic Republic gains independence from the Russian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic . Tbilisi is the capital.
April 19th The Transcaucasian Democratic Federal Republic annexes the Republic of Abkhazia .
27th of March The union of Bessarabia with Romania is proclaimed
25th March The Republic of Abkhazia gains independence from the Russian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic . Sukhumi is the capital.
25th March The Belarusian People's Republic declares its independence from the Russian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic . Minsk and Hrodna become the common capitals.
March 12th The Russian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic is moving its capital from Petrograd to Moscow .
3 March The Brest-Litovsk Treaty creates many new states from the former Russian Empire .
February 24th The Republic of Estonia declares independence from the Russian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic . Tallinn is the capital.
February 16 The state of Lithuania declares its independence from the Russian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic . Despite being occupied by Poland, Vilnius is named the capital.
22nd of January The People's Republic of Ukraine declares independence from the Russian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic . Kiev is the capital.
1917 December 22 The Independent State of Flanders declares its independence from the Kingdom of Belgium .
6th of December The Kingdom of Finland declares independence from the Russian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic . Helsinki is the capital.
2. December The emirate of Chechnya declares its independence from the Russian Federal Soviet Socialist Republic . Wedeno is the capital.
November 7th The Russian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic replaces the Russian Republic .
September 14th The Russian Republic replaces the Provisional Government of Russia .
July 12 The restoration of the Qing Dynasty fails.
July 1 Puyi is reinstated as Emperor of China in an attempt to restore the Qing Dynasty .
March 31 The United States takes possession of the US Virgin Islands (Danish West Indies).
March, 15 The Provisional Government of Russia replaces the Russian Empire after the February Revolution .
1916 November 5th The German Empire and Austria-Hungary proclaim the establishment of the reign of Poland as a puppet state. Warsaw is the capital.
March 22 The Chinese Empire is dissolved.
1915 12th of December Yuan Shikai proclaims the Chinese Empire . Beijing is the capital.
October 18 The German Empire creates the Generalgouvernement Warsaw from Poland conquered by the Russian Empire .
1914 September 1 The Russian Empire changes the name of its capital from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd .
July 28th The First World War begins with the declaration of war of Austria-Hungary to Serbia , following the assassination in Sarajevo .
17th April Tuva becomes a protectorate of the Russian Empire .
7th March Albania becomes the Principality of Albania .
January 1st The United Kingdom unites the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria and the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria to form the colony of Nigeria . The capital is Lagos .
The Kingdom of the Congo is annexed to the Portuguese Angola .
1913 September 29th After the Second Balkan War , the Treaty of Constantinople is signed, with the following conditions:
  • The Ottoman Empire regains the parts of Eastern Thrace that it lost in the First Balkan War.
  • The Balkan Federation wins the entire Ottoman territory west of the line between Enez and Kıyıköy (thus the Ottomans lose all of their European territory, with the exception of the southeastern half of today's European territory of Turkey).
August 10 After the Second Balkan War , the Bucharest Treaty was signed with the following conditions:
  • Bulgaria gets parts of western Thrace .
  • Romania gets the southern part of the Dobruja .
  • Serbia gets Kosovo , most of what is now the Republic of North Macedonia , and new land west of its former borders.
  • Greece gets Epirus, Western Macedonia, Central Macedonia and most of the islands in the Aegean Sea that it did not control before the war.
  • Albania is getting southern, eastern and northern areas that bring it to its current borders.
  • Albania officially becomes independent, although much of its territory remains disputed.
  • Montenegro wins most of its present-day northern region.
13th February Tibet declares independence from the Republic of China . The capital is Lhasa .
1912 November 28th Albania declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire . Tirana is the capital.
November 27th The treaty between France and Spain on Morocco assigns the northern and southern strips of Morocco to Spain.
March 30 With the Treaty of Fez , Morocco officially becomes a French protectorate.
January 1st The Republic of China succeeds the Qing Dynasty after the Xinhai Revolution . Nanking is the provisional capital.
The Wadai Empire is dissolved and annexed to the French colony of Chad .
1911 December 29th The Mongolian Bogd Khanate declares its independence from the Qing Dynasty . The capital is Ulaanbaatar .
November 4th In the Morocco-Congo Treaty , the German Empire acquires the Neukamerun region from France in return for setting German claims in Morocco .
The capital of British India is relocated from Calcutta to New Delhi .
1910 5th October The First Portuguese Republic follows the Kingdom of Portugal .
August 22nd The Korean Empire is the Empire of Japan annexed.
31. May The Cape Colony , the colony of Natal , Transvaal and the Orange River Colony join the Union of South Africa together to independence from the United Kingdom to gain.
15. January France creates French Equatorial Africa from the colonies of Gabon , Central Congo and Ubangi-Shari . Brazzaville is the capital.
The Kingdom of Kazanje is annexed to Angola in Portugal .

1900s

year date event
1909 July 9 The Kingdom of Siam transfers its southernmost provinces to British Malaya in the 1909 Anglo-Siamese Treaty .
1908 15th of November King Leopold II of Belgium sells his private Free State of the Congo to the Kingdom of Belgium . The colony is renamed the Belgian Congo .
October 6th Austria-Hungary annexes the Ottoman Vilayet Bosnia (de facto under Austro-Hungarian rulesince the Berlin Treaty of 1878) and causes the Bosnian crisis .
5th of August The Kingdom of Bulgaria gained independence from the Ottoman Empire . Sofia is the capital.
1907 December 17th Ugyen Wangchuck founds the Kingdom of Bhutan . Punakha is the winter capital and Thimphu is the summer capital.
September 26th New Zealand gains independence from the United Kingdom . Wellington is the capital.
April 24th The border between the Republic of the United States of Brazil and the Republic of Colombia is defined in the Bogotá Treaty.
March 23 The Kingdom of Siam gives territory to French Indochina in exchange for Trat .
1906 France divides the colony of French Congo into the colonies of Gabon and Central Congo . Libreville remains the capital of Gabon. Brazzaville becomes the capital of Central Congo.
Lagos is made the administrative capital of the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria by the United Kingdom .
The United Kingdom and France jointly manage the New Hebrides condominium . The capital is Port Vila .
1905 October 26th The Kingdom of Sweden recognizes the dissolution of the Union and the independence of the Kingdom of Norway .
5th September The Liaodong Peninsula and the Russian railroad in southern Manchuria are leased to the Japanese Empire under the Treaty of Portsmouth .
The Japanese Empire annexed the Sakhalin Island .
June 7th The Kingdom of Norway declares its independence from the United Kingdom of Sweden and Norway through the dissolution of the union with the Kingdom of Sweden .
The United Kingdom moves the capital of the Protectorate of British East Africa from Mombasa to Nairobi .
1904 4th of October The Franco-Spanish Agreement of Paris recognizes the formal control of Saguia el-Hamra (later northern Spanish Sahara) by the Kingdom of Spain .
13th February According to the Franco-Siamese Convention, the Kingdom of Siam granted French-Indochina border areas in exchange for Chanthaburi, which was occupied by France .
The border between the Republic of the United States of Brazil and British Guiana is determined through arbitration. About half of the disputed land goes to both sides.
The French Dahomey colony is established. Porto-Novo is the capital.
The Kingdom of Champasak is annexed by France and part of the French protectorate of Laos .
1903 November 18 The new Republic of Panama grants the United States of America control of the Panama Canal Zone .
November 11th The Republic of Bolivia and the Republic of the United States of Brazil sign the Treaty of Petrópolis . Bolivia receives land from Mato Grosso from Brazil, and Brazil receives the Republic of Acre in return .
November 3rd The Republic of Panama splits off from the Republic of Colombia . Panama City is the capital.
29th of July The emirate of Adamaua is annexed to the protectorate of northern Nigeria and Cameroon .
12th of May Mauritania becomes a protectorate of the French Republic .
January 27th The third republic of Acre declares its independence from Bolivia .
The United Kingdom splits the Seychelles from its colony Mauritius .
After the Aceh War , the Sultanate of Aceh is annexed to the Kingdom of Netherlands and part of the Dutch East Indies .
1902 20th November The borders between Argentina and Chile in the Andes are determined.
31. May The United Kingdom creates the Orange River Colony from the Orange Free State and the Transvaal Colony from the South African Republic . Bloemfontein and Pretoria remain the respective capitals.
May 20th The Republic of Cuba gains independence from the United States of America . Havana is the capital.
The Emirate of Zaria and the Emirate of Abuja are incorporated into the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria .
The Kingdom of Mandara is annexed to Cameroon .
The capital of French West Africa moves from Saint-Louis to Dakar .
1901 March 23 The First Philippine Republic is dissolved during the Philippine-American War .
January 1st The Commonwealth of Australia is formed by the Federation of the British Colonies of New South Wales , Victoria , Queensland , South Australia , Western Australia and Tasmania . Melbourne is the capital.
The United Kingdom occupies the Ashanti Empire and makes it a crown colony.
1900 5th September The French Chad colony is established. Fort-Lamy is the capital.
28th of May The United Kingdom occupies the Orange Free State .
March The first Republic of Acre surrenders and is reabsorbed by the Republic of Bolivia . Later that year, the second Republic of Acre, with Porto Acre as its capital, is declared and reabsorbed by Bolivia.
January 1st The Protectorate of Southern Nigeria is established by the United Kingdom .
The Northern Nigeria Protectorate is from the United Kingdom established
The border between the Republic of the United States of Brazil and the French colony of French Guiana is determined through arbitration.

19th century

1890s

year date event
1899 2. December According to the Samoa Treaty :
July 14th The first Republic of Acre declares independence from Bolivia . The capital is Porto Acre .
France annexes Kwangtschouwan from the Qing dynasty .
The German Empire takes over the administration of German New Guinea from the New Guinea Company .
The sheikdom of Kuwait becomes a protectorate of the United Kingdom .
1898 10th of December The Kingdom of Spain ceded its colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico to the United States of America with the Treaty of Paris at the end of the Spanish-American War . Havana and San Juan are the respective capitals.
The Kingdom of Spain cedes the island of Guam to the United States of America with the Treaty of Paris at the end of the Spanish-American War .
The Kingdom of Spain cedes the Philippines to the United States of America with the Treaty of Paris at the end of the Spanish-American War . The First Philippine Republic continues with Malolos as its capital.
November 2 The dispute over Puna de Atacama is resolved through arbitration. Of the 75,000 km², 64,000 (85%) will be given to the Argentine Republic and 11,000 (15%) to the Republic of Chile .
12. August The United States of America annexes the Republic of Hawaii and incorporates it into the Hawaii Territory .
June 12 The First Philippine Republic declares independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Malolos is the capital.
June 9th Through the Convention on the Extension of Hong Kong Territory , the Qing Dynasty gives Hong Kong to the United Kingdom for 99 years .
The Republic of Bolivia moves its administrative capital from Sucre to La Paz. Sucre remains the constitutional and legal capital.
Samory Touré conquers the Kong Empire .
1897 February 28 The Kingdom of Madagascar becomes a protectorate of France
The Joseon Dynasty becomes the Korean Empire . The capital is Hanseong .
The Kingdom of Zululand becomes part of the British colony of Natal after becoming a protectorate of the United Kingdom in 1887 .
The Kingdom of Benin is annexed to the United Kingdom and is part of the British Empire .
1895 November 16 The United Kingdom merges the British Bechuanaland Crown Colony with the Cape Colony .
October 27 France creates French West Africa from the colonies of Upper Senegal and Niger , Senegal , Mauritania , French Sudan (now Mali), Guinea , Dahomey (now Benin) and the Ivory Coast . The capital is Saint-Louis .
23rd October The Empire of Japan conquers the Republic of Formosa . Taiwan becomes a Japanese colony under the name Takasago Koku. Taihoku (Taipei) is the capital.
June The Republic of Formosa is moving its capital from Taipei to Tainan .
July 1 The United Kingdom creates the British East Africa Protectorate . The capital is Mombasa .
23. May The Republic of Formosa declares its independence after its annexation by the Empire of Japan . Taipei is the capital.
17th April The Qing Dynasty takes Taiwan by the Treaty of Shimonoseki to the Empire of Japan from.
February 5th The border between the Republic of the United States of Brazil and the Argentine Republic is defined by Grover Cleveland .
The United Kingdom creates the Federated Malay States from a number of British-dominated sultanates on the Malay Peninsula as a protectorate. The capital is Kuala Lumpur .
1894 July 4th The Republic of Hawaii replaces the Kingdom of Hawaii .
Uganda becomes a protectorate of the United Kingdom . The capital is Entebbe .
1893 Nyassaland becomes a protectorate of the United Kingdom under the name British Central Africa Protectorate . The capital is Zomba .
Through the Franco-Siamese War , France conquered the Kingdom of Luang Prabang from Siam . This then becomes part of French Indochina .
1892 Oman becomes a protectorate of the United Kingdom .
1890 November 29th The union between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ends.
July 1 Heligoland is ceded by the United Kingdom to the German Empire .
Zanzibar becomes a protectorate of the United Kingdom .

1880s

year date event
1889 15th of November The Republic of the United States of Brazil replaces the Brazilian Empire .
June 19th The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is formed as a colony of the United Kingdom .
9th March Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia moves his capital to Addis Ababa .
The Kingdom of Luba is annexed to the Free State of the Congo .
The United Kingdom conquers Sudan .
The United Kingdom creates the Crown Colony of Trinidad and Tobago out of the colonies of Trinidad and Tobago .
1888 The Kingdom of Sarawak becomes a protectorate of the United Kingdom as North Borneo .
The Republic of Honduras is moving its capital from Comayagua to Tegucigalpa , ending a century of indecision about the country's capital.
The Brunei Empire becomes a protectorate of the United Kingdom .
The Sultanate of Maguindanao goes under after Mindanao is conquered by the Kingdom of Spain .
1887 December 16 The Sultanate of the Maldives becomes a protectorate of the United Kingdom .
October 17th The French colony of French Indochina is born. The capital is Saigon .
The kingdom of Lunda is dissolved.
Macau officially becomes a colony of Portugal .
Wallis and Futuna becomes a protectorate of France .
1886 1st of May King Leopold II. From Belgium selects Boma as the capital of his State of the Congo .
The United States of Colombia becomes the Republic of Colombia .
1885 November 29th End of the Konbaung dynasty in Burma after the Third Anglo-Burmese War . Burma becomes part of British India on January 1, 1986 .
September 6th The Principality of Bulgaria annexed Eastern Rumelia .
September 1 The United Kingdom creates the British Bechuanaland Crown Colony . Vryburg is the capital.
2.May King Leopold II of Belgium founds his Free State of the Congo , a private government of the International Society for Africa .
Under Muhammad Ahmad splits after the Mahdi uprising of Sudan from Khedivate of Egypt from. The capital is Omdurman .
France conquers Vietnam and creates the Annam and Tongking protectorates.
1884 15th of November The Congo Conference in Berlin formed the basis for the division of Africa into colonies in the subsequent race for Africa .
October 18 Argentina ends the campaign to conquer eastern Patagonia and subdues the remaining Indian resistance (modern provinces of Chubut and Santa Cruz ).
3rd August UK sovereignty in the Transvaal Republic ends.
4. April Chile receives Antofagasta as part of the armistice to end the Pacific War (1904 final).
German South West Africa is created as a colony of the German Empire . The capital is Otjimbingwe .
German East Africa is created as a colony of the German Empire . The capital is Bagamoyo
The Togo colony of the German Empire is founded. The capital is Baguida .
The Cameroon colony of the German Empire is founded. The capital is Douala .
The United Kingdom creates the Basutoland Crown Colony . Maseru is the capital.
The United Kingdom creates the British Somaliland Protectorate . Hargeysa is the capital.
Annam and Tonkin become protectorates of France .
1883 the 20th of October Chile gets Tarapacá , Arica and Tacna through the Treaty of Ancón .
Argentina annexes the Patagonian territories of the modern Neuquén provinceup to the Limay River
The Kingdom of Loango is annexed to the French Congo .
Cabinda becomes a protectorate of the Kingdom of Portugal .
1882 6th March The Kingdom of Serbia replaces the Principality of Serbia .
1881 3rd August The South African Republic regained its independence under British sovereignty.
July 23 The borders between Argentina and Chile are set.
the 14th of March The Kingdom of Romania is proclaimed. Bucharest is the capital.
Tunisia becomes a protectorate of France .
1880 France establishes the protectorate of French Congo . Brazzaville is the capital.
6th of December Buenos Aires is declared the official capital of the Argentine Republic .

1870s

year date event
1879 27th of March The Kingdom of Ryūkyū is annexed by the Japanese Empire .
Portugal founds the Portuguese Guinea colony from the union of the Bissau and Cacheu areas .
1878 November 12th The areas claimed by Argentina and Paraguay between the Pilcomayo and the Verde Rivers are awarded to Paraguay in arbitration by Rutherford B. Hayes .
July 13th The Principality of Bulgaria moves its capital from Plovdiv to Sofia
The Principality of Bulgaria suffers considerable territorial losses as a result of the Berlin Congress .
Eastern Rumelia is created as an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire .
The Austro-Hungarian occupation of the Vilâyet Bosnia ( Bosnia and Herzegovina ) is recognized. It is de facto under Austro-Hungarian rule.
The Ottoman Empire enters Thessaly and small parts of Epirus in Greece from
Doğubeyazıt and Eleşkirt are returned to the Ottoman Empire .
July 12 The Ottoman Empire leases Cyprus to the United Kingdom as a protectorate .
May 21 The Principality of Romania gains independence from the Ottoman Empire . Bucharest is the capital.
3 March The Principality of Bulgaria is created by the Peace of San Stefano . Plovdiv is the capital.
The Ottoman Empire recognizes Montenegro and cedes its territory including Nikšić , Podgorica and Bar .
The Principality of Serbia gains independence and annexes Niš and Leskovac
The Ottoman Empire recognized Romania's independence through the Peace of San Stefano .
The Russian Empire occurs Norddobrudscha to Romania from (was the Ottoman Empire ceded to Russia).
Romania enters Southern Bessarabia to the Russian Empire from.
The Ottoman Empire ceded Armenian and Georgian areas in the Caucasus to the Russian Empire .
The Vilâyet Bosnia becomes an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire .
Crete , Epirus and Thessaly were given limited self-government.
The Argentine Republic's campaign to control the Patagonian territories begins.
The United Kingdom creates the Gold Coast Colony . The capital is Accra .
1877 12. April The United Kingdom annexes the South African Republic as a Transvaal colony .
1876 3 February After the Triple Alliance War , borders are set between Paraguay and Argentina . Argentina receives parts of Gran Chaco (current Formosa Province ) and some areas in Misiones .
The Russian Empire annexes the Kokand Khanate .
1875 May 7th The Empire of Japan passes through the Treaty of Saint Petersburg the southern island of Sakhalin in exchange for the Kuril Islands north of Iturup to the Empire Russia from.
1874 December 29th The restored Kingdom of Spain replaces the First Spanish Republic .
January 1st The British East India Company is dissolved.
1873 November 17th With the union of Buda , Óbuda and Pest , Budapest becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary (part of Austria-Hungary ).
12. August The Khiva Khanate becomes a protectorate of the Russian Empire .
12. August The emirate of Bukhara becomes a protectorate of the Russian Empire .
July 23 The Kingdom of Bahrain becomes independent from the Qajar dynasty . The capital is al-Muharraq .
July 1 The Prince Edward Iceland are part of the Dominion of Canada .
February 11th The First Spanish Republic replaces the Kingdom of Spain .
1871 January 9th After the Triple Alliance War , the borders between Paraguay and the Brazilian Empire are determined. Brazil is expanding its Mato Grosso region .
1871 10th of May The German Empire annexed the Moselle department and most of Alsace from France after the Franco-Prussian War . The annexed areas become the realm of Alsace-Lorraine .
January 1st The German Empire follows the North German Confederation after the accession of southern German areas. Berlin remains the capital.
Rome replaces Florence as the capital of Italy .
1870 September 20th Italy annexes Rome and the surrounding areas and ends the Papal States .
September 4th The Third French Republic replaces the Second French Empire .
20th of July The crown colony of British Columbia joins the Dominion Canada .
15th of July The Hudson's Bay Company transfers the Northwest Territory to the Dominion Canada .

1860s

year date event
1868 October 1 The Bolivian Republic changes its name to the Republic of Bolivia .
January 3rd Japan becomes the Japanese Empire after the Meiji Restoration . The capital will be moved from Kyoto to Edo , which will be renamed Tokyo .
1867 November 11th Bhutan cedes parts of its national territory to the United Kingdom after its defeat in the Bhutan War .
October 18 The Russian Empire sells Alaska to the United States of America .
July 11th The Russian Empire establishes the General Government of Turkestan for the areas it has conquered in Central Asia .
July 1 The United Kingdom unites its colonies of New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada to form Dominion Canada . Ottawa is the capital.
The North German Confederation follows the German Confederation . Berlin remains the capital.
June 19th The United Mexican States replace the Mexican Empire .
8th June Austria-Hungary emerged from the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary . It consists of the two parts of the empire Cisleithanien (capital: Vienna ) and Transleithanien (capital: Budapest ).
March Congress Poland is incorporated into the Russian Empire as the Weichselland .
April 1st The Straits Settlements becomes a Crown Colony of the United Kingdom .
January 1st After Prussia's victory in the Austro-Prussian War , it annexed Holstein and Schleswig and incorporated it as the province of Schleswig-Holstein .
The Grand Duchy of Transylvania becomes part of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Austro-Hungarian Compensation .
1866 October 22nd The Kingdom of Italy annexes the Kingdom of Lombardy-Veneto .
September 20th Prussia annexes the Kingdom of Hanover .
6th of August The United Kingdom unites the colonies of British Columbia and the Vancouver Islands as the Crown Colony of British Columbia .
The United Kingdom is moving the capital of the Provincial Crown Colony from Quebec City to Ottawa .
1865 August 14th Prussia receives sole administration of Schleswig , Austria sole administration of Holstein after the German-Danish War . Prussia acquires the Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg from Austria.
11 April The Confederate States of America surrender and are reabsorbed by the United States of America after the Civil War . The 11 states that joined the Confederate between July 24, 1866 and July 15, 1870 will be restored to their old status.
3rd of April The Confederate States of America are moving their capital to Danville , Virginia .
3 March The Dominican Republic gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Santo Domingo is the capital.
The Kingdom of Italy moves its capital from Turin to Florence .
1864 July The Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping is recaptured by the Qing Dynasty .
May 21 The United Kingdom transfers the Ionian Islands to Greece .
10th of April The Empire of Mexico replaces the United Mexican States .
1863 8th of May The Granada Confederation becomes the United States of Colombia
The Duchy of Anhalt emerges from the Principality of Anhalt .
The Kingdom of Cambodia becomes a protectorate of France .
1862 October 12th The state of Buenos Aires becomes part of the Argentine Confederation again .
The United Kingdom creates the Crown Colony of British Honduras . The capital is Belize City .
Cochinchina becomes a colony of France .
1861 12th of December The Argentine Republic replaces the Argentine Confederation .
2. December Paraná is no longer the capital of the Argentine Confederation .
31. May The Kingdom of Bahrain becomes a protectorate of the United Kingdom .
May 29th The Confederate States of America are moving their capital from Montgomery , Alabama , to Richmond , Virginia .
17. March The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed in place of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
13th February Gaeta surrenders to the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont .
February 4th The Confederate States of America formed from the seven secession states declare their independence from the United States of America . Montgomery , Alabama , has been the capital for three months. By May 20, four more states will join with Virginia , Tennessee , Arkansas and North Carolina .
February 1st The state of Texas splits off from the United States of America and declares itself the Republic of Texas . The capital is Austin .
January 26th The state of Louisiana splits off from the United States of America and declares itself the Republic of Louisiana . The capital is Baton Rouge .
January 19th The state of Georgia splits off from the United States of America and declares itself the Republic of Georgia . The capital is Milledgeville .
11th January The state of Alabama splits off from the United States of America and declares itself the Republic of Alabama . The capital is Montgomery .
10. January The state of Florida splits off from the United States of America and declares itself the Republic of Florida . The capital is Fernandina .
January 9th The state of Mississippi splits off from the United States of America and declares itself the Republic of Mississippi . The capital is Jackson .
The Dominican Republic returns under the rule of the Kingdom of Spain .
The Principality of Monaco declares its independence from the Second French Empire . Monaco itself is the capital.
End of the empire of Bambara .
1860 November 4th The Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont annexes the Papal States of Umbria and Marche .
October 21 The Kingdom of the Two Sicily is with the exception of the fortress Gaeta to the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont connected
14th June France annexed the Duchy of Savoy from the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont .
June 12 France annexes the county of Nice from the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont .
March 22 The United Provinces of Central Italy are annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont

1850s

year date event
1859 December 8th The Duchy of Parma , the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the papal embassies together form the Sardinian client state of the United Provinces of Central Italy .
November 10th Austria cedes Lombardy from the Kingdom of Lombardy-Veneto to France .
France cedes Lombardy to the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont .
6th of June Queen Victoria signs the proclamation separating Queensland colony from New South Wales .
January 24th The Principality of Moldova merges with the Principality of Wallachia to form the Principality of Romania .
The United Kingdom is moving the capital of the Provincial Crown Colony from Quebec City back to Toronto .
The United Kingdom moves the capital of the colony of British Columbia from Fort Langley to New Westminster .
With the victory in the Caucasus War , the Russian Empire expands in the Caucasus .
1858 August 2nd The United Kingdom creates British India after the Indian Uprising of 1857 by converting the former possessions of the British East India Company into a crown colony . The capital is Calcutta . The Mughal Empire is dissolved.
28th of May The Qing Dynasty ceded Outer Manchuria to the Russian Empire through the Treaty of Aigun .
May 22 The Republic of New Renada becomes the Granada Confederation .
The United Kingdom is moving the capital of the Crown Colony of the Province of Canada from Toronto back to the city of Québec .
The United Kingdom creates the colony of British Columbia . The capital is Fort Langley .
The French territory on St. Helena is acquired by France .
1857 8th June The partially autonomous Khedivat Egypt under Ismail Pasha replaces the Ottoman Eyâlet Egypt . The capital is Cairo .
The Kingdom of the Congo becomes a vassal of the Kingdom of Portugal .
1856 March 30 Part of the territory of Southern Bessarabia, annexed by the Russian Empire in 1812 , returned to the Principality of Moldova by the Treaty of Paris (1856) .
January 1st The British colony Van-Diemens.Land changes its name to Tasmania .
The United Kingdom is moving the capital of the Provincial Crown Colony from Quebec City back to Toronto .
The Sultanate of Zanzibar is founded. The capital is Zanzibar City .
1855 February 7th The Russian Empire recognizes Japanese sovereignty over the Kuril Islands .
1854 March 24th The Argentine Confederation moves its capital to Paraná .
February 17th The Orange Free State is founded. Bloemfontein is the capital.
1853 June 24th The Gadsden Purchase gives part of southern Arizona and New Mexico from Mexico to the United States .
March The Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping makes Nanking its capital.
New Caledonia becomes a colony of France .
1852 2. December The Second French Empire replaces the Second French Republic .
September 11 The Province of Buenos Aires leaves the Argentine Confederation as the State of Buenos Aires .
January 17th The South African Republic is founded. Pretoria is the capital.
The United Kingdom is moving the capital of the Crown Colony of the Province of Canada from Toronto to the city of Québec .
1851 July 1 The colony of Victoria is split off from the British colony of New South Wales
11th January Hong Xiuquan founds the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping in China .
The Sultanate of Sulu becomes a protectorate of the Kingdom of Spain .

1840s

year date event
1849 13 August The state of Hungary capitulates and is taken back by the Austrian Empire .
2nd July The papal state will be restored after the end of the Roman Republic .
April 14 The State Hungary declared after the 1848/1849 Hungarian revolution its independence from the Empire of Austria . Debrecen is the temporary capital.
March 29 The Sikh Empire falls after its defeat in the Second Sikh War and is incorporated into the British Empire .
February 9 Rebels under Giuseppe Garibaldi take over the territory of the Papal States and establish the Roman Republic .
The United Kingdom is moving the capital of the Canadian Crown Colony from Montréal to Toronto .
1848 February 24th The Second French Republic replaces the Kingdom of France .
February 2nd The United Mexican States must surrender their northern territory, including California , to the United States of America with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo at the end of the Mexican-American War .
12th September The Switzerland adopt its Constitution as a modern state that the order of the Old Confederacy replaces.
Algeria goes from a colony to an integral part of France .
The Kazak khanate loses its sovereignty to the Russian Empire .
1847 July 26th The colony of Liberia, settled by former Afro-American slaves, declares its independence as the Republic of Liberia . Monrovia is the capital.
1846 November 28th The British colony of Northern Australia is back in the colony of New South Wales incorporated
November 16 After the Cracow uprising , the Republic of Cracow is annexed by the Austrian Empire.
August 22nd The United Mexican States will replace the Republic of Mexico .
18th of June The Oregon Compromise defines the 49th parallel northwest of Lake of the Woods as the continental border between the province of Canada and the United States .
February 17th The colony northern Australia is of the British colony of New South Wales separated
The princely state of Jammu and Kaschmi r , which is ruled by the Dogra dynasty is, after the First Sikh War created under the Treaty of Amritsar.
1845 December 29th The Republic of Texas joins the United States as the State of Texas. Austin gives way to Washington, DC as the federal capital and remains the state capital at the same time.
The Kingdom of the Netherlands divides their colonial possessions in America into two parts: Suriname and Curaçao and dependencies. Paramaribo remains the capital of Suriname, while Willemstad , Curacao, becomes the capital of the six Caribbean islands.
The Kingdom of Hawaii moves its capital from Lāhainā to Honolulu .
The UK is moving the capital of the Falkland Islands from Port Louis to Stanley .
1st March The Republic of Piratini is re- absorbed by the Brazilian Empire .
1844 The United Kingdom is moving the capital of Canada's Crown Colony from Kingston to Montréal .
27th of February The Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti . Santo Domingo is the capital.
1841 September 24th James Brooke founds the Kingdom of Sarawak . The capital is Kuching .
the 20th of October The Republic of Yucatán declares itself independent from Mexico.
February 10th The United Kingdom unites Upper Canada and Lower Canada as a crown colony to form the Province of Canada . Kingston is the capital.
February 2nd The last entity of the Central American Confederation changes its name back to the Republic of El Salvador .
January 26th The United Kingdom conquers Hong Kong from the Qing Dynasty .
1840 November 16 The colony New Zealand is of the British colony of New South Wales separated

1830s

year date event
1839 November 17th The Republic of Guatemala withdraws from the Central American Confederation . Guatemala City becomes the capital.
October 17th The Republic of Texas has its permanent capital in Austin .
August 25 The Republic of Peru and the Republic of Bolivia are formed from the dissolution of the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation .
24th July The Juliana Republic declares independence from the Brazilian Empire . Laguna is the capital. The republic surrenders and is absorbed by Brazil again later in the year.
April 19th The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg becomes independent, but remains in a union with the Netherlands .
The Principality of Serbia moves its capital from Kragujevac to Belgrade .
1838 November 5th The Republic of Costa Rica , the Republic of Nicaragua and the Republic of Honduras withdraw from the Central American Confederation . San José , Managua and Comayagua are the respective capitals.
1836 December 28th The colony of South Australia is separated from the British colony of New South Wales .
28th of October The Republic of Northern Peru , the Republic of Southern Peru and the Republic of Bolivia merge to form the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation . Tacna is the capital.
September 6th The Republic of Piratini declares itself independent from the Brazilian Empire . Piratini is the first of five provisional capitals.
August 11th The Republic of Northern Peru follows the Republic of Peru . Lima is the capital.
17. March The Republic of Southern Peru is split from the Republic of Peru . Cusco is the capital.
2nd March The Republic of Texas declares its independence from Mexico . Washington-on-the-Brazos is the first of six cities to serve as the temporary capital until 1839.
The Sultanate of Ha'il is founded on the Arabian Peninsula. The capital is Ha'il .
1835 23rd October The Republic of Mexico replaces the United Mexican States .
1834 The Central American Confederation is moving its capital from Guatemala City to San Salvador .
The Kingdom of Greece moves its capital from Nafplio to Athens .
1833 The Principality of Serbia receives autonomy from the Ottoman Empire .
The Falkland Islands become a colony of the United Kingdom . The capital is Port Louis .
1832 May The Kingdom of Greece replaces the First Hellenic Republic .
The colony of Western Australia replaces the British Swan River Colony in Australia .
The capital of the Straits Settlement will be relocated from George Town to Singapore .
The Nguyễn dynasty annexed the Champa kingdom . Vietnam is thus expanding south.
1831 the 20th of October The Republic of New Granada replaces Greater Colombia .
21 July Belgium becomes the Kingdom of Belgium .
January 4th The United Kingdom unites Essequibo-Demerara and Berbice as the Crown Colony of British Guiana . Georgetown is the capital.
The Province of Buenos Aires , the Province of Entre Ríos and the Province of Santa Fe sign the Federal Pact . Beginning of the Argentine Confederation . Later other provinces join the confederation.
1830 4th of October Belgium declares its independence from the Kingdom of the United Netherlands . Brussels is the capital.
May 13th The Republic of Ecuador and the Republic of Venezuela declare their independence from Greater Colombia . Quito and Caracas are the respective capitals.
3 February The Ottoman Empire recognizes the independence of Greece (First Hellenic Republic). Nafplio is the capital.
France begins colonizing Algeria with the capture of Algiers .

1820s

year date event
1829 The United Kingdom established the Swan River Colony in the west of Australia established
1828 August 27 The Banda Oriental , Uruguay gains independence from the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata . Montevideo is the capital.
The Misiones Orientales are awarded to Brazil .
The Kingdom of Vientiane is annexed by Siam .
1827 18th of August The centralized and unified state of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata is dissolved. The Argentine provinces resume their sovereignty and delegate foreign affairs to the Province of Buenos Aires .
1826 July 9 The Republic of Chile replaces the State of Chile .
February 8 The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata are proclaimed a centralized and unitary state.
The Straits Settlements is established and administered by the East India Company . It consists of Penang , Dinding , Malacca and Singapore .
British Malaya is established and administered by the East India Company.
After the First Anglo-Burmese War , Burma was forced to cede to the British East India Company and Assam , Manipur , Arakan and Tenasserim .
The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha emerged from the merger of the Duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha . The capitals are Coburg and Gotha .
1825 3rd of December Van Diemens Land in Tasmania is being created as a separate British colony from New South Wales .
15th of November The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve changes its name back to Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarve .
29th August The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve recognize the independence of the Brazilian Empire .
August 25 Cisplatina declares its independence from the Brazilian Empire and reunites with the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata .
6th of August The Republic of Bolivia attained with the end of the Bolivian War of Independence independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Chuquisaca is the capital.
16th of July The border of the British colony of New South Wales is being expanded
1824 9th of December The Battle of Ayacucho ends the South American Wars of Independence in South America .
6th of August Bolivia declared its independence from Spain and refuses to neither Peru nor the United Provinces of the River Plate to join
2nd July The Equator Confederation declares independence from Brazil. Recife is the capital, but the confederation surrenders and resumes in the same year.
1823 4th of October The United States of Mexico solve after the execution of Emperor Maximilian I , the First Mexican Empire from.
July The Republic of Guatemala , the Republic of El Salvador , the Republic of Nicaragua , the Republic of Honduras and the Republic of Costa Rica join forces to form the Central American Confederation . The capital is Guatemala City .
May 16 The Republic of Costa Rica is moving its capital from Cartago to San José .
The emirate of Afghanistan follows the Durrani Empire . The capital is Kabul .
1822 19. December The Republic of Peru replaces the State of Peru .
October 12th The Empire of Brazil replaces the Independent Kingdom of Brazil .
7th of September The Independent Kingdom of Brazil declares its independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves . Rio de Janeiro is the capital.
February 9th Haiti annexes the Spanish Republic of Haiti .
1821 December 1 The Spanish Republic of Haiti gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Santo Domingo is the capital.
December Panama unites with Greater Colombia .
November 28th Panama becomes independent from the Kingdom of Spain .
October 17th The United Kingdom creates the British West Africa Protectorate . The capital is Freetown .
21st September The Republic of Costa Rica gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Cartago is the capital.
September 15th The Republic of Guatemala, the Republic of Honduras , the Republic of Nicaragua and the Republic of El Salvador become independent from the Kingdom of Spain. Guatemala City , Comayagua , Managua and San Salvador are the respective capitals.
August 24th The Kingdom of Spain recognizes the independence of the Empire of Mexico .
3rd August Peru becomes the state of Peru .
July 28th Peru declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Lima is the capital.
July 18th Cisplatina formally declares itself part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve .
3rd of July The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve are returning the capital to Lisbon from exile in Rio de Janeiro .
25th March Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire . Nafplion is the capital.
19th of February The United States of America receives Florida from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty .
Beginning of the Alaska border dispute between the Russian Empire and the United Kingdom .
1820 8th October The Kingdom of Haiti collapses after King Henri Christophe's suicide . Haiti is united with the capital Port-au-Prince under the Republic of Haiti .
February 1st The Federal League defeated the central government of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata at the Battle of Cepeda. The Federal League is dissolved and the Argentine provinces resume their sovereignty.
The Kingdom of Hawaii declares Lahaina to be its capital.
The Trucial States emerged as an informal British protectorate.
The Sultanate of Oman and Muscat arises from the merger of the Imamat Oman with the Sultanate of Muscat .

1810s

year date event
1819 December 17th Greater Colombia emerges from the former Second Republic of Venezuela , the United Provinces of New Renada and the Real Audiencia de Quito . It consists of the current states of Colombia , Venezuela , Ecuador and Panama .
August 7th The United Provinces of New Granada gain independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Bogotá is the capital.
1817 April 5th The battle of Maipu secures the independence of Chile from Spain.
February 12th The state of Chile again declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain . The capital is Santiago de Chile .
January 20th The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve occupies Banda Oriental (Uruguay) as Cisplatina .
1816 July 9 The United Provinces in South America (Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay) declare their independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Buenos Aires remains the capital.
May 6th The re-conquest of New Granada by the Kingdom of Spain ended the early independent Colombian governments.
Shaka founds the Kingdom of Zululand .
Wiesbaden becomes the sole capital of the Duchy of Nassau .
1815 December 16 The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve replaces the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarve . Rio de Janeiro remains the capital.
21st November Miloš Obrenović founds the Principality of Serbia . Kragujevac is the capital of the principality.
June 29th The Federal League, an alliance of several Argentine provinces and today's Uruguay , is founded.
8th of July The restored Kingdom of France takes the place of the First French Empire .
June 9th The Kingdom of Lombardy-Veneto is formed from the Milanese and Venetian parts of the Kingdom of Italy and becomes a crown land of the Austrian Empire ( Congress of Vienna ).
The Austrian Empire wins the territory of the former Republic of Ragusa ( Congress of Vienna ).
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany is restored and receives the Principality of Piombino and the Stato dei Presidi ( Congress of Vienna ).
The Duchy of Lucca is founded in place of the former Republic of Lucca ( Congress of Vienna ),
The Duchy of Warsaw is divided into the Grand Duchy of Posen ( Prussia ), Congress Poland ( Russia ) and the Republic of Krakow (jointly controlled by Prussia, Russia and Austria ) ( Congress of Vienna ).
Prussia receives Danzig , a large part of the Kingdom of Saxony , Westphalia and the Rhineland . (Congress of Vienna)
The Kingdom of the United Netherlands is created from the former Republic of the Seven United Provinces and the Austrian Netherlands , with Luxembourg in a personal union . ( Congress of Vienna ).
Swedish Pomerania is ceded to Prussia ( Congress of Vienna ).
The Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg is ceded by Hanover to Denmark ( Congress of Vienna ).
The Kingdom of Hanover emerges from the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and annexes the former territories of the Bishop of Münster and East Friesland ( Congress of Vienna ).
Bavaria receives the Palatinate as well as parts of the Duchy of Würzburg and the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt ( Congress of Vienna ).
United Kingdom control of various colonies including the Cape Colony , Tobago and Ceylon is recognized ( Congress of Vienna ).
The United States of the Ionian Islands is established as a British protectorate ( Congress of Vienna ).
The German Confederation is founded. Frankfurt am Main is the capital. ( Congress of Vienna ).
March, 20th The First French Empire is restored and replaces the Kingdom of France .
March 16 The United Kingdom of the Netherlands replaces the Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands. Amsterdam and Brussels are the common capitals.
5. March The Kingdom of Kandy is annexed to the United Kingdom and is part of the Ceylon Crown Colony .
Sir Robert Brownrigg founds the Ceylon Crown Colony . Colombo becomes the capital.
The capital of Bermuda is St. George to Hamilton relocated
1814 November 4th The Kingdom of Norway joins a personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden . The capital cities are Stockholm and Christiania.
October 2nd The Kingdom of Spain recaptured Chile .
30th May France is restored within the borders of 1792.
30th May Switzerland's independence is recognized.
17th of May Norway declares its full independence, elects its own king and adopts its own constitution.
11 April Napoleon Bonaparte renounces the Italian throne, whereby the Kingdom of Italy is effectively dissolved.
April 6th The restored Kingdom of France replaces the First French Empire .
17th of May Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden through the Peace of Kiel .
Various Italian states are being restored, including the Duchy of Modena and Reggio and the Papal States .
17th of May The Kingdom of Sardinia reclaims its mainland territory and annexes the land of the former Republic of Genoa .
January 14th The Kingdom Norwege n separates from Denmark-Norway . Christiania is the capital.
The Principality of Andorra declares its independence from the First French Empire . Andorra la Vella is the capital.
Java is being returned to the Netherlands from the UK .
1813 11th December The Treaty of Valençay formally ends the Napoleonic Wars on the Iberian Peninsula with the Restoration of Ferdinand VII of Spain . Spain is no longer a client state of the French First Empire .
2. December The Netherlands, annexed by France , is restored as the Sovereign Principality of the Netherlands . Amsterdam is the capital.
October 26th The Kingdom of Westphalia dissolves.
October 19th The Rheinbund dissolves.
October 12th Paraguay becomes the Republic of Paraguay .
August 7th The Second Republic of Venezuela is declared
July 23 The British colony of Malta replaces the Protectorate of Malta .
1812 July 28th The First Republic of Venezuela is smashed by the Spanish Empire
28th of May The eastern part of the Principality of Moldova (Bessarabia) is ceded from the Ottoman Empire to the Russian Empire with the Treaty of Bucharest .
May 14th The French First Empire annexed Catalonia from Spain . Andorra is also annexed and incorporated.
1811 November 27th The United Provinces of New Granada (present-day Colombia) are founded
5th July The First Republic of Venezuela declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain .
May 14th Paraguay gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Asunción is the capital.
28th March The Kingdom of Haiti replaces the State of Haiti . Cap-Haïtien is the capital.
The United Kingdom annexes the island of Java .
1810 13th December The First French Empire annexed northern Germany
September 18 Chile declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Santiago de Chile is the capital.
16th September Mexico declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Mexico City is the capital.
3rd of December Mauritius becomes a crown colony of the United Kingdom . The capital is Port Louis .
20th of July Colombia declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain . Bogotá is the capital.
July 13th The Kingdom of Holland (Netherlands) is annexed by the First French Empire .
25. May The Spanish viceroy in the viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay) is replaced by the Primera Junta . Creation of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata . Buenos Aires is the capital.
May 22 The Principality of Regensburg is formally incorporated into the Kingdom of Bavaria through the Treaty of Paris .
April 19th The First Republic of Venezuela begins the Venezuelan War of Independence from Spain
April Kamehameha I unites the Kingdom of Hawaii .
The principality of Bayreuth , annexed by France , is sold to the Kingdom of Bavaria .
The Rhodan Republic is annexed by the First French Empire and becomes the Simplon department

1800s

year date event
1809 October 14th Salzburg is ceded to Bavaria ( Treaty of Schönbrunn ).
West Galicia is ceded to the Duchy of Warsaw ( Treaty of Schönbrunn ).
Tarnopol is ceded to the Russian Empire ( Treaty of Schönbrunn ).
Trieste and Croatia south of the Save are ceded to France . ( Treaty of Schönbrunn )
17th of September Sweden enters Finland through the Peace of Hamina officially to the Russian Empire from
March 29 The Russian Tsar will be declared the Grand Duke of Finland, which Finland fact of Sweden separately and in an autonomous Duchy of the Russian Empire is converted
Napoleon Bonaparte of France dissolves the Teutonic Knights . Their countries are redistributed, most of them to Württemberg .
The United Kingdom occupies the Ionian Islands .
1808 7th March The Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarve are moving their capital from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro .
31 January The Republic of Ragusa is annexed to the Kingdom of Italy .
January 1st Sierra Leone becomes a colony of the United Kingdom . The capital is Freetown .
Spain becomes a client state of France after the country was partially occupied by French troops and Joseph I was declared kingby Napoleon .
1807 10th of December The Kingdom of Etruria is annexed by France .
December 7th The Kingdom of Westphalia is founded as a client state of France . The capital is Kassel .
the 9th of September The Republic of Gdańsk is established as a client state of France . The capital is Gdansk .
July Napoleon Bonaparte of France founds the Duchy of Warsaw from land ceded to the Kingdom of Prussia by the Treaties of Tilsit . The capital is Warsaw .
1806 20th of December The Kingdom of Saxony emerges from the Electorate of Saxony . The capital is Dresden .
October 24th The Grand Duchy of Baden emerged from the Electorate of Baden . The capital is Karlsruhe .
October 17th The Haitian Empire collapses after the murder of Emperor Jean-Jacques Dessalines . Haiti is split into two parts: the state of Haiti in the north with the capital Milot and the Republic of Haiti in the south with the capital Port-au-Prince .
6th of August The Holy Roman Empire is dissolved by Francis II .
July 25th Napoleon Bonaparte of France founds the Confederation of the Rhine . Frankfurt am Main is the capital. Various new states arise in the area of ​​the Holy Roman Empire .
June 5th The Kingdom of Holland takes the place of the Batavian Republic .
January 8th The United Kingdom creates the Cape Colony . Cape Town is the capital.
The Principality of Liechtenstein becomes part of the Rhine Confederation and is therefore independent.
The Duchy of Nassau is founded. The capitals are Weilburg and Wiesbaden .
1805 December 26th The Kingdom of Bavaria emerges from the Electorate of Bavaria . The capital is Munich .
June 4th France annexes the Ligurian Republic .
July France annexed the Principality of Piombino and the Republic of Lucca andreinstated them as the Principality of Lucca and Piombino
1804 6 November The First French Empire replaces the First French Republic .
September 22 Jean-Jacques Dessalines founds the Haiti Empire .
August 11th Franz II. , Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire , founds the Austrian Empire . Vienna is the capital.
4th of March France sells the Louisiana colonyto the United States of America in the Louisiana Purchase . New Orleans is the capital of the disorganized territory.
January 1st The French colony of Saint-Domingue on Hispaniola declares its independence from the French Republic as Haiti . Port-au-Prince is the capital.
The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria becomes part of the Austrian Empire .
Usman dan Fodio founds the Sokoto Caliphate as a Fulbe state .
1803 April 27 As a result of Reichsdeputationshauptschluss circuit (Archdiocese of Regensburg and the countries of the Teutonic Order and the Order of St. John) are of all Papal States except three Holy Roman Empire were either secularized or annexed by other states. The Duchy of Salzburg (formerly the Archbishopric of Salzburg) is elevated to the status of an electorate.
April 27 The Electorate of Baden emerged from the Margraviate of Baden .
April 27 The Electorate of Baden receives the Palatinate County near the Rhine .
April 27 The Electorate of Hesse emerges from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel .
19th of February The Helvetic Republic converts the mediation act into the Swiss Confederation .
The United Kingdom creates the British Ceylon Crown Colony .
1802 January 26th The Cisalpine Republic is renamed the Republic of Italy .
France under Napoleon Bonaparte separates the canton of Valais from the Helvetic Republic and founds the Rhodan Republic .
Gia Long founds the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnam. Huế is the capital.
Trinidad becomes a colony of the United Kingdom .
1801 20th of August The state of Gozo is annexed to the British protectorate of Malta .
6th of June In the Peace of Badajoz , parts of northern Brazil fall as French Guiana to France and the city of Olivenza falls from Portugal to Spain .
March 21st The Kingdom of Etruria is created as a French client state from parts of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany . The capital is Florence .
January 1st The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland unite to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland .
Egypt falls back under the control of the Ottoman Empire .
1800 November 17th The United States of America is moving its capital from Philadelphia to its permanent seat in Washington in the District of Columbia .
5th September The French armed forces in Malta surrender to the British. The island becomes the British protectorate of Malta with Valletta as its capital.
October 1 After a secretly negotiated treaty between France and Spain , Spain returns the Louisiana colony to France
Georgia becomes part of the Russian Empire .
1800 February 17th In France is Mont-Terrible department in the Haut-Rhin department incorporated.
February 1st The colony Dutch East Indies is from the Kingdom of the Netherlands after the dissolution of the Dutch East India Company founded. The capital is Batavia .

cards

  • English map of the Eastern Hemisphere in year 1

  • Global territorial situation in the 2nd century

  • Global territorial situation in the 3rd century

  • Global territorial situation in the 4th century

  • Global territorial situation in the 5th century

  • Global territorial situation in the 7th century

  • Global territorial situation in the 9th century

  • English world map for the year 1555

  • English world map for the year 1700

  • English world map from 1910

  • World map with flags for 1914

  • World map with flags for 1935

  • World map with flags for 1938

  • World map with flags for 1965

  • World map with flags for 1974

  • World map with flags for 2017

See also

Individual evidence

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