Jump to content

Migrant worker and Smooth London: Difference between pages

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
 
→‎On Air: lower case
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Radio station |
[[Image:Migrant Worker by David Shankbone.JPG|thumb|Migrant farm worker, New York]]
image = <!--[[Image:1022Smooth.png]] commenting out image with no fair use rationale-->|
name = 102.2 Smooth Radio |
slogan = Love Life. Love Music. |
airdate = [[March 26]] [[2007]] |
frequency = 102.2 [[megahertz|MHz]]<br /> Channel 0128 (Sky)<br />Channel 916 (Virgin Media)<br />Channel 718 (Freeview)|
share = 1.3%|
share as of = September 2007|
share source = [http://www.rajar.co.uk/listening/quarterly_listening.php]|
area = [[London]] |
format = [[Classic Hits]]|owner = [[Guardian Media Group]] |
}}
'''102.2 Smooth Radio''' is an [[Independent Local Radio]] station for the [[Greater London]] area, which replaced [[102.2 Smooth FM]] on [[March 26th]], [[2007]], launched by Gavin McCoy and [[Barbra Streisand]]'s ''A Star Is Born''. The station competes with [[BBC Radio 2]], aiming its music at listeners aged 50 and over, and is part of the national [[Smooth Radio]] network, which encompasses the [[Midlands]], the [[North West England|North West]] of [[England]] and [[Glasgow]].


As well as being carried on FM in London, '''102.2 Smooth Radio''' is simulcast on several [[Digital Audio Broadcasting|DAB]] mulitplexes, online and on digital television - Sky, Freeview and Virgin Media.
The term '''migrant worker''' has different official meanings and connotations in different parts of the world; the United Nations' definition is very broad, essentially including anyone working outside of their home country. In some countries, notably the U.S., the term has a specific connotation that the work will be low paid. The term can also be used to describe someone who migrates within a country, possibly their own, in order to pursue work such as seasonal work.


==History==
==United Nations' definition==


{{main|102.2 Jazz FM}}{{main|102.2 Smooth FM}}
The "[[United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/45/a45r158.htm|title=United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families|accessdate=2006-11-30}}</ref> defines '''migrant worker''' as follows:
The station launched on 4 March 1990 as [[102.2 Jazz FM|Jazz FM]], playing mainly [[soul]] and [[jazz]] music. It was relaunched in June 2005 as [[102.2 Smooth FM]], playing [[middle of the road]] music, [[soul music|soul]] and [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] during the day and, as part of its licence requirements, focused on [[jazz]] music at night. On October 20, 2006, GMG Radio announced that it was requesting a change of format for 102.2 Smooth FM from Ofcom, moving the station away from its daytime soul and R&B remit which had, until that point, formed an integral part of the licence. GMG proposed an easy listening music service mixed with speech for the over 50's, coupled with an improved local news service. Ofcom approved the changes on December 8th, 2006, with the condition that GMG retained the 45 hours of jazz per week that constituted part of the former licence requirement.<ref name="formatChange">[http://www.radiotoday.co.uk/news.php?extend.1206 Smooth requests Format change]. Published by Radio Today on October 20, 2006. Accessed October 20, 2006.</ref><ref name="formatChange2">[http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/smooth/request.pdf Format Change Request Form OfW 332 (Smooth FM)]. Published by Ofcom on October 20, 2006. Accessed October 20, 2006.</ref>
{{cquote|The term "migrant worker" refers to a person who is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a State of which he or she is not a national.}} This Convention has been ratified by [[Mexico]], [[Brazil]] and the [[Philippines]] (amongst many other nations that supply foreign labour) but it has not been ratified by the [[United States]], [[Germany]] and [[Japan]] (amongst other nations that depend on cheap foreign labour). For an up to date listing of ratifications and signatories visit this [http://www.december18.net/web/general/page.php?pageID=79&menuID=36&lang=EN special page] on the website of [http://www.december18.net December 18], the International Advocacy and Resource Center on the Human Rights of Migrant Workers.


As a result of the format change, GMG have agreed to adhere to a minimum of 20% of its music during daytime being over 40 years old, to distance the station from its London rivals [[Magic Radio|Magic]] and [[Heart 106.2]].
==National perspectives==
===Asia===
====China====


[[Paul Chantler]] has been appointed by GMG to be full-time programme consultant to the station from 14th January 2008 for one year. He will be working with the existing programming team to develop the sound of the station.
It is also used currently for workers from China's impoverished regions who go to work in the more prosperous coastal regions. People like [[Wang Binyu]], whose case became newsworthy in 2005. According to State statistics, the current number of migrant workers in China is estimated at 150 million, that is to say nearly 11.5% of the population. China’s urban migrants sent home the equivalent of almost 300 billion US$ in 2005.


In March 2008, GMG requested a format change to remove the 45 hour jazz commitment it has in place for 102.2 Smooth Radio. Part of the plans included a relaunch of [[102.2 Jazz FM|Jazz FM]] from the current [[jazzfm.com]] service currently broadcasting on DAB in [[Glasgow]] and online on a DAB multiplex in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/smoothfmformat/consultation.pdf|title=102.2 Smooth Radio (London) and 100.4 Smooth Radio (North-West England) - Request to Change Station Formats|accessdate=2008-06-14|format=pdf|publisher=Ofcom}}</ref> In a meeting on April 22, 2008 Ofcom denied GMG's request to drop its jazz commitments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/smoothfmformat/statement/|title=Smooth Radio (London and North-West) Formats Change - Request Denied|accessdate=2008-06-14|publisher=Ofcom}}</ref> GMG will be relaunching Jazz FM despite the decision.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotoday.co.uk/comment.php?comment.news.3306|title=Ofcom say no to Smooth|date=2008-04-23|accessdate=2008-06-14|publisher=Radio Today}}</ref>
===Europe===


On October 6, 2008 Smooth Radio was removed from the MXR Wales and West multiplex to allow for the relaunch of [[Jazz FM (UK)|Jazz FM]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.getdabdigitalradio.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=129|title=Jazz FM returns!|date=2008-09-25|accessdate=2008-10-06|publisher=MXR}}</ref> Although initially, Real Radio was removed, Smooth Radio was removed and Real restored on the multiplex.
The recent [[Enlargement of the European Union|expansions of the European Union]] have provided opportunities for many people to be able to migrate to other EU countries for work. For both the 2004 and 2007 enlargements existing states were given the rights to impose various transitional arrangements to limit access to their labour markets.


===North America===
==On Air==
'''102.2 Smooth Radio''' plays [[Classic Hits|classic hits]] aimed at listeners aged 50 and over.
====Canada====


Smooth's jingle package was produced by Bespoke Music, and voiced by [[Sean Bolger]].
In Canada companies are beginning to recruit temporary foreign workers under Services Canada's recent expansion of an immigration program for migrant workers.


==Presenters==
====United States====
*'''[[Graham Dene]]''' - ''Smooth Breakfast''
[[Image:DorotheaLangeMigrantWorkersChildren.jpg|thumb|Children of migrant cotton field workers from [[Sweetwater, Oklahoma]]. May 1937]]
*'''[[Mark Goodier]]''' - ''Smooth Mid-Mornings'' (networked)
The term [[foreign worker]] is generally used in the United States to refer to people fitting the international (UN) definition of migrant worker. The term ''migrant worker'', in the U.S., refers to someone who regularly works away from [[home]], if they have a home at all.<ref name="newp"/>
*'''[[Lynn Parsons]]''' - ''Smooth Afternoons'' (Monday to Saturday)
*'''[[Martin Collins]]''' - ''Smooth Drivetime'' and ''Smooth Sunday Mornings''
*'''[[Mike Allen (broadcaster)|Mike Allen]]''' - ''Smooth Evenings'' (Saturday to Thursday)
*'''[[Tony Myatt]]''' - ''Smooth Nights''
*'''[[Tony Blackburn]]''' - ''Smooth Weekend Breakfast'' and Graham Dene's Holiday Cover
*'''[[Chris Tarrant]]''' - ''The Chris Tarrant Show'''''
*'''[[Andy Peebles]]''' - ''Soul Train''
*'''[[Eamonn Kelly]]''' - ''Smooth Evenings'' (Friday)
*'''[[Russell Pockett]]''' - ''Smooth Sunday Late Afternoon''
*'''[[Paul Coia]]''' - ''Cover Presenter''
*'''[[Fiona Phillips]]''' - ''Smooth Sunday Afternoons''


[[Mark Goodier]]'s Mid Morning Show, [[Tony Blackburn]]'s Weekend Breakfast Show, [[Chris Tarrant]]'s Saturday morning show, [[Andy Peebles]]' Soul Train and [[Fiona Phillips]]' Sunday Afternoon show are simulcast from 102.2 Smooth Radio and can be heard on several other stations in the Smooth Network. All other output is produced locally.
In the United States, this term is commonly used to describe low-wage workers performing manual labor in the [[agriculture]] field; these are often [[immigrants]] who are not working on valid work visas. The United States has enacted the [http://finduslaw.com/migrant_and_seasonal_agricultural_worker_protection_msawp_29_u_s_code_chapter_20 Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act] to remove the restraints on commerce caused by activities detrimental to migrant and seasonal agricultural workers; to require farm labor contractors to register; and to assure necessary protections for migrant and seasonal agricultural workers, agricultural associations, and agricultural employers. Most migrant workers in America are people from Mexico and Central America.


⚫
== References ==
The term migrant worker sometimes may be used to describe any worker who moves from one seasonal job to another.<ref name="newp"/> This use is generally confined to lower-wage fields, perhaps because the term has been indelibly linked with low-wage [[farmworker]]s and illegal immigrants.<ref name="newp">[http://www.newport.gov.uk/_dc/index.cfm?fuseaction=refugeesasylum.frequentquestions Newport City Refugees and Asylum Seekers<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Examples of professions which could be called migrant workers, some of them quite lucrative, include: [[Electrician]]s in the construction industry; other [[construction worker]]s who travel from one construction job to another, often in different cities; [[wildfire|wildland firefighters]] in the western United States; temporary/roving [[consulting]] work; and possibly even interstate [[truck driver]]s.
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
In America's history, starting at the end of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], [[hobo|hobos]] were the migrant workers who performed much of this agricultural work, using freight [[railroad|railroads]] as their means of transportation to new jobs. During the [[Great Depression]], [[Okie|Okies]] who fled the [[dust bowl]] were a significant source of temporary farm labor.
*[http://www.smoothradiolondon.co.uk/ Smooth Radio for London Website]
*[http://streaming.gmgradio.com/live/wm_london.asx Smooth Radio Online Stream] (requires [[Windows Media Player]] [http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/])


==See also==
* [[3D's]] "Dirty, Dangerous and Demeaning" work, also known as 3K's in Japan
* [[Cesar Chavez]] migrant worker organizer in US
* Easton, Terry. "[http://www.southernspaces.org/contents/2007/easton/1a.htm Geographies of Hope and Despair: Atlanta's African American, Latino, and White Day Laborers]." ''Southern Spaces'', December 21, 2007.
* [[Migrant domestic workers]]
* Odem, Mary. "[http://www.southernspaces.org/contents/2006/odem/1a.htm Global Lives, Local Struggles: Latin American Immigrants in Atlanta]" ''Southern Spaces'', May 19, 2006.
* [[Raj Chouhan]] migrant worker union organizer in Canada
* [[Patrick Chamusso]] migrant worker union organizer in South Africa
* [[Army of Hope]]
* [http://www.politicoslatinos.com/2008candidates-videos.html PoliticosLatinos.com] Videos of 2008 US Presidential Election Candidates' Positions regarding Immigration
* [http://www.december18.net December 18] Multilingual site on migrants' rights issues.


{{Guardian Media Group}}
⚫
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{London radio}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Smooth Radio}}
[[Category:Immigration]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 2007]]
[[ja:民工]]
[[Category:Radio stations in London|Smooth]]
[[zh:农民工]]
[[ru:Трудящийся-мигрант]]

Revision as of 17:02, 13 October 2008

102.2 Smooth Radio
Broadcast areaLondon
Frequency102.2 MHz
Channel 0128 (Sky)
Channel 916 (Virgin Media)
Channel 718 (Freeview)
Programming
FormatClassic Hits
Ownership
OwnerGuardian Media Group
History
First air date
March 26 2007

102.2 Smooth Radio is an Independent Local Radio station for the Greater London area, which replaced 102.2 Smooth FM on March 26th, 2007, launched by Gavin McCoy and Barbra Streisand's A Star Is Born. The station competes with BBC Radio 2, aiming its music at listeners aged 50 and over, and is part of the national Smooth Radio network, which encompasses the Midlands, the North West of England and Glasgow.

As well as being carried on FM in London, 102.2 Smooth Radio is simulcast on several DAB mulitplexes, online and on digital television - Sky, Freeview and Virgin Media.

History

Main article: 102.2 Jazz FM
Main article: 102.2 Smooth FM

The station launched on 4 March 1990 as Jazz FM, playing mainly soul and jazz music. It was relaunched in June 2005 as 102.2 Smooth FM, playing middle of the road music, soul and R&B during the day and, as part of its licence requirements, focused on jazz music at night. On October 20, 2006, GMG Radio announced that it was requesting a change of format for 102.2 Smooth FM from Ofcom, moving the station away from its daytime soul and R&B remit which had, until that point, formed an integral part of the licence. GMG proposed an easy listening music service mixed with speech for the over 50's, coupled with an improved local news service. Ofcom approved the changes on December 8th, 2006, with the condition that GMG retained the 45 hours of jazz per week that constituted part of the former licence requirement.[1][2]

As a result of the format change, GMG have agreed to adhere to a minimum of 20% of its music during daytime being over 40 years old, to distance the station from its London rivals Magic and Heart 106.2.

Paul Chantler has been appointed by GMG to be full-time programme consultant to the station from 14th January 2008 for one year. He will be working with the existing programming team to develop the sound of the station.

In March 2008, GMG requested a format change to remove the 45 hour jazz commitment it has in place for 102.2 Smooth Radio. Part of the plans included a relaunch of Jazz FM from the current jazzfm.com service currently broadcasting on DAB in Glasgow and online on a DAB multiplex in London.[3] In a meeting on April 22, 2008 Ofcom denied GMG's request to drop its jazz commitments.[4] GMG will be relaunching Jazz FM despite the decision.[5]

On October 6, 2008 Smooth Radio was removed from the MXR Wales and West multiplex to allow for the relaunch of Jazz FM.[6] Although initially, Real Radio was removed, Smooth Radio was removed and Real restored on the multiplex.

On Air

102.2 Smooth Radio plays classic hits aimed at listeners aged 50 and over.

Smooth's jingle package was produced by Bespoke Music, and voiced by Sean Bolger.

Presenters

Mark Goodier's Mid Morning Show, Tony Blackburn's Weekend Breakfast Show, Chris Tarrant's Saturday morning show, Andy Peebles' Soul Train and Fiona Phillips' Sunday Afternoon show are simulcast from 102.2 Smooth Radio and can be heard on several other stations in the Smooth Network. All other output is produced locally.

References

  1. ^ Smooth requests Format change. Published by Radio Today on October 20, 2006. Accessed October 20, 2006.
  2. ^ Format Change Request Form OfW 332 (Smooth FM). Published by Ofcom on October 20, 2006. Accessed October 20, 2006.
  3. ^ "102.2 Smooth Radio (London) and 100.4 Smooth Radio (North-West England) - Request to Change Station Formats" (pdf). Ofcom. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
  4. ^ "Smooth Radio (London and North-West) Formats Change - Request Denied". Ofcom. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
  5. ^ "Ofcom say no to Smooth". Radio Today. 2008-04-23. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
  6. ^ "Jazz FM returns!". MXR. 2008-09-25. Retrieved 2008-10-06.

External links


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Migrant_worker&oldid=245025881"