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{{Short description|Family of flies}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Atelestidae
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Berriasian|Recent}}
| image =
| image = Atelestus pulicarlus (Atelestidae).tif
| image_caption =
| image_caption = ''[[Atelestus pulicarius]]''
| image_width = 225px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Atelestidae
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| authority = [[Willi Hennig|Hennig]], 1970
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subphylum = [[Hexapoda]]
| subdivision =
| classis = [[Insect]]a
* ''[[Acarteroptera]]''
| subclassis = [[Pterygota]]
* ''[[Alavesia]]'' <small>Waters and Arillo 1999</small>
| infraclassis = [[Neoptera]]
* ''[[Atelestus (fly)|Atelestus]]'' <small>[[Francis Walker (entomologist)|Walker]], 1837 </small>
| superordo = [[Endopterygota]]|
* ''[[Meghyperus]]''
| ordo = [[Fly|Diptera]]
* ''[[Nemedina]]''
| subordo = [[Brachycera]]
| infraordo = [[Asilomorpha]]
| superfamilia = [[Empidoidea]]
| familia = Atelestidae
| familia_authority =
| synonyms =
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genera]]
| subdivision = *''[[Acarteroptera]]''
*''[[Atelestus]]'' <small>[[Francis Walker (entomologist)|Walker]], 1837 </small>
*''[[Meghyperus]]''
*''[[Nemedina]]''
}}
}}
'''Atelestidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[Diptera|true flies]] in the [[superfamily]] [[Empidoidea]]. These four [[genera]] were placed in a separate family in 1983<ref>Chvála (1983)</ref>. They were formerly either in [[Platypezidae]] (which are not even particularly closely related) or considered ''[[incertae cedis]]''. But while they are doubtless the most [[basal (evolution)|basal]] of the living Empidoidea, the [[monophyly]] of the family is not fully proven<ref>Moulton & Wiegmann (2007)</ref>. The [[genus]] ''[[Nemedina]]'' seems to represent a most ancient lineage among the entire superfamily, while ''[[Meghyperus]]'' is probably not monophyletic in its present delimitation, and it is liable to be split up eventually, with some species being placed elsewhere<ref>ToL (2007)</ref>.


'''Atelestidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[Diptera|flies]] in the [[Taxonomic rank|superfamily]] [[Empidoidea]]. The four [[genera]] were placed in a separate family in 1983;<ref>Chvála (1983)</ref> they were formerly either in [[Platypezidae]] (which are not even particularly closely related) or considered ''[[incertae sedis]]''. While they are doubtless the most [[basal (evolution)|basal]] of the living Empidoidea, the [[monophyly]] of the family is not fully proven.<ref>Moulton & Wiegmann (2007)</ref> The [[genus]] ''[[Nemedina]]'' seems to represent a most ancient lineage among the entire superfamily, while ''[[Meghyperus]]'' is probably not monophyletic in its present delimitation, and it is liable to be split up eventually, with some species being placed elsewhere.<ref>ToL (2007)</ref> In 2010, the genus ''[[Alavesia]]'', previously only known from Cretaceous fossils, was found alive in Namibia,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sinclair|first1=Bradley J.|last2=Kirk-Spriggs|first2=Ashley H.|date=April 2010|title=Alavesia Waters and Arillo-a Cretaceous-era genus discovered extant on the Brandberg Massif, Namibia (Diptera: Atelestidae)|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00506.x|journal=Systematic Entomology|language=en|volume=35|issue=2|pages=268–276|doi=10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00506.x|s2cid=85127003}}</ref> subsequent species were also described from Brazil.
Atelestidae are small (2-3 mm) greyish-dusted flies. They have a disjunct distribution, being found in both the [[Holarctic]] and southern [[Neotropical]] regions ([[Chile]]).

Atelestidae has been shown to form the sister group to the remaining members of the Empidoidea superfamily. Subfamilies include [[Atelestinae]] and [[Nemedininae]].<ref name="w+j2018">Wahlberg & Johanson (2018)</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Atelestidae wing (Atelestus pulicarius).png|thumb|Right wing of ''Atelestus pulicarius'', showing humeral crossvein (h), radial sector (R<sub>s</sub>), costa and first and second medial vein (M<sub>1+2</sub>).<ref name="w+j2018" />]]
Atelestidae are small (2–3&nbsp;mm) greyish-dusted flies. They are quite similar to [[Empididae]] and [[Ragadidae]] as all three families have a [[Insect genitalia|symmetrical male terminalia without rotation]], and the origin of vein R<sub>s</sub> (radial sector) is at a distance from humeral [[Insect wing|crossvein]] (h) as long or longer than length of h. However, it is distinguished from Ragadidae by a costa ending at or near the first and second medial vein (M<sub>1+2</sub>), and from Empididae by having the [[prosternum]] separated from proepisternum.<ref name="w+j2018" />

They have a disjunct distribution, being found in both the [[Holarctic]] and southern [[Neotropical]] regions ([[Chile]]).

==Systematics==

Based on the most recent phylogenetic studies,<ref name="w+j2018"></ref> the relationship between Atelestidae and other members of Empidoidea is as follows. The placement of Atelestidae is emphasized in bold formatting.

{{clade|{{clade
|label1=
|label2=
|1={{clade
|1=[[Atelestinae]]
|2=[[Nemedininae]]
}}
}}|{{clade
|label1=[[Hybotidae]]
|label2=
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1=[[Bicellariinae]]
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Hybotinae]]
|2=[[Oedaleinae]]
}}
|2=[[Ocydromiinae]]
}}
|2=[[Trichininae]]
}}
|label2=[[Tachydromiinae]]
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Tachydromiini]]
|2=[[Symballaphthalmini]]
}}
|2=[[Drapetini]]
}}
}}
}}
}}

|2={{clade
|label1=
|label2=
|1=[[Dolichopodidae]]
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Iteaphilinae]]
|2=[[Ragadinae]]
}}
|label1=[[Ragadidae]]
|label2=[[Empididae]]
|2={{clade
|label1=
|label2=
|1=[[Clinocerinae]]
|2={{clade
|label1=[[Brachystomatinae]]
|label2=[[Empidinae]]
|1={{clade
|1=[[Brachystomatini]]
|2=[[Ceratomerini]]
|3=[[Trichopezini]]
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Chelipodini]]
|2=[[Empidini]]
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Hemerodromiini]]
|2=[[Hilarini]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}|label1='''Atelestidae'''}}

=== Genera ===

* Subfamily Atelestinae <small>Hennig 1970</small>
**''[[Acarteroptera]]'' <small>Collin, 1933</small> Chile, Recent
**''[[Alavesia]]'' <small>Waters & Arillo, 1999</small> [[Spanish amber]], [[Albian]], [[Burmese amber]], [[Cenomanian]] Namibia, Brazil, Recent
**†''[[Atelestites]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> [[Lebanese amber]], [[Barremian]]
**''[[Atelestus (fly)|Atelestus]]'' <small>Walker, 1837</small> Palearctic, Recent
** †''[[Dianafranksia]]'' <small>Coram et al., 2000</small> [[Lulworth Formation]], United Kingdom, [[Berriasian]]
** †''[[Kurnubempis]]'' <small>Kaddumi, 2007</small> [[Jordanian amber]], Albian
** ''[[Meghyperus]]'' <small>Loew, 1850</small> Palearctic, Nearctic, Recent
* Subfamily Nemedininae <small>Sinclair & Cumming, 2006</small>
** †''[[Cretodromia]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> [[Canadian amber]], [[Campanian]]
**''[[Nemedina]]'' <small>Chandler, 1981</small> [[Baltic amber]], [[Eocene]], Palearctic, Recent
** †''[[Nemedromia]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999 [[New Jersey amber]], [[Turonian]]</small> Canadian amber, Campanian
** †''[[Neoturonius]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> New Jersey amber, Turonian
** †''[[Phaetempis]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> Lebanese amber, Barremian
** †''[[Prolatomyia]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> Canadian amber, Campanian


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
Line 32: Line 128:


==References==
==References==
* {{aut|Chvála, M.}} (1983): The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. II. General Part. The families Hybotidae, Atelestidae and Microphoridae. ''Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica'' '''12''': 1–279.
* Chvála, M. (1983): The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. II. General Part. The families Hybotidae, Atelestidae and Microphoridae. ''[[Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica]]'' '''12''': 1–279.
* {{aut|Moulton, J.K. & Wiegmann, B.M.}} (2007): The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera). ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.]]'' '''43'''(3): 701-713. <small>{{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.029}}</small> (HTML abstract)
* Moulton, J. K. & Wiegmann, B. M. (2007): The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera). ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]]'' '''43'''(3): 701-713. <small>{{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.029}} {{PMID|17468014}}</small> (HTML abstract)
* {{aut|[[Tree of Life Web Project]] (ToL)}} (2007): [http://tolweb.org/Atelestidae/23901/2007.11.29 Atelestidae]. Version of 2007-NOV-29. Retrieved 2008-JUL-30.
* [[Tree of Life Web Project]] (ToL) (2007): [http://tolweb.org/Atelestidae/23901/2007.11.29 Atelestidae]. Version of 2007-NOV-29. Retrieved 2008-JUL-30.
* Wahlberg, E. & Johanson, K.A. (2018): Molecular phylogenetics reveals novel relationships within Empidoidea (Diptera). ''[[Systematic Entomology]]'' '''43'''(4): 619–636. <small>{{doi|10.1111/syen.12297}}</small>


==External Links==
==External links==
{{Wikispecies|Atelestidae}}
*[http://www.dipteristsforum.org.uk/wiki/families:brachycera:old_brachycera:atelestidae Dipterists Forum]
*[http://www.dipteristsforum.org.uk/wiki/families:brachycera:old_brachycera:atelestidae Dipterists Forum]
*[http://www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=77 Diptera.info] Images.
*[http://www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=77 Diptera.info] Images.


{{Diptera|2}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1936295}}


[[Category:Empidoidea]]
{{diptera-stub}}
[[Category:Diptera of South America]]

[[Category:flies]]
[[Category:Brachycera families]]

[[no:Atelestidae]]

Latest revision as of 17:45, 14 November 2021

Atelestidae
Temporal range: Berriasian–Recent
Atelestus pulicarius
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Superfamily: Empidoidea
Family: Atelestidae
Hennig, 1970
Genera

Atelestidae is a family of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea. The four genera were placed in a separate family in 1983;[1] they were formerly either in Platypezidae (which are not even particularly closely related) or considered incertae sedis. While they are doubtless the most basal of the living Empidoidea, the monophyly of the family is not fully proven.[2] The genus Nemedina seems to represent a most ancient lineage among the entire superfamily, while Meghyperus is probably not monophyletic in its present delimitation, and it is liable to be split up eventually, with some species being placed elsewhere.[3] In 2010, the genus Alavesia, previously only known from Cretaceous fossils, was found alive in Namibia,[4] subsequent species were also described from Brazil.

Atelestidae has been shown to form the sister group to the remaining members of the Empidoidea superfamily. Subfamilies include Atelestinae and Nemedininae.[5]

Description[edit]

Right wing of Atelestus pulicarius, showing humeral crossvein (h), radial sector (Rs), costa and first and second medial vein (M1+2).[5]

Atelestidae are small (2–3 mm) greyish-dusted flies. They are quite similar to Empididae and Ragadidae as all three families have a symmetrical male terminalia without rotation, and the origin of vein Rs (radial sector) is at a distance from humeral crossvein (h) as long or longer than length of h. However, it is distinguished from Ragadidae by a costa ending at or near the first and second medial vein (M1+2), and from Empididae by having the prosternum separated from proepisternum.[5]

They have a disjunct distribution, being found in both the Holarctic and southern Neotropical regions (Chile).

Systematics[edit]

Based on the most recent phylogenetic studies,[5] the relationship between Atelestidae and other members of Empidoidea is as follows. The placement of Atelestidae is emphasized in bold formatting.

Atelestidae

Genera[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ Chvála (1983)
  2. ^ Moulton & Wiegmann (2007)
  3. ^ ToL (2007)
  4. ^ Sinclair, Bradley J.; Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. (April 2010). "Alavesia Waters and Arillo-a Cretaceous-era genus discovered extant on the Brandberg Massif, Namibia (Diptera: Atelestidae)". Systematic Entomology. 35 (2): 268–276. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00506.x. S2CID 85127003.
  5. ^ a b c d Wahlberg & Johanson (2018)

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikispecies has information related to Atelestidae.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atelestidae&oldid=1055232093"