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{{Short description|Perennial herb in the family Lamiaceae}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Salvia lyrata''
|image = Salvia lyrata Kaldari.jpg
| image = Salvia lyrata USDA.jpg
|taxon = Salvia lyrata
⚫
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| image_width = 240px
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Salvia]]''
| species = '''''S. lyrata'''''
| binomial = ''Salvia lyrata''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
}}


'''''Salvia lyrata''''' ('''lyre-leaf sage''', '''lyreleaf sage''', '''wild sage''', '''cancerweed'''), is a herbaceous perennial in the family [[Lamiaceae]] that is native to the [[United States]], from [[Connecticut]] west to [[Missouri]], and in the south from [[Florida]] west to [[Texas]].<ref name="Armitage">{{cite book|last=Armitage|first=Allan M.|title=Armitage's Native Plants for North American Gardens|publisher=Timber Press|year=2006|pages=335–336|isbn=978-0-88192-760-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p9igpDz3980C&pg=PA335}}</ref> It was described and named by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in 1753.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=456622-1&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditSimplePlantNameSearch.do%3Ffind_wholeName%3DSalvia%2Blyrata%26output_format%3Dnormal|title=Salvia lyrata|year=2005|work=IPNI Database|publisher=International Plant Names Index|access-date=2009-03-12}}</ref>
'''''Salvia lyrata''''' ('''Lyre-leafed Sage'''), is a species of [[Salvia|sage]] native to the eastern [[United States]], from [[Connecticut]] west to [[Kansas]], and south to [[Florida]] and [[Texas]].


==Description==
It is a [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]] with low growing leaves and flowering stems growing to 50 cm tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are arranged in a basal rosette of large leaves, and smaller leaves in opposite pairs on the erect flowering stem. The basal leaves are up to 15 cm long and 5 cm broad, with several lobes, some approximating to the shape of a [[lyre]], from which the species is named. The [[flower]]s are pale blue, up to 25 mm long. The species is often a lawn weed that self seeds into lawns and is tolerant of being mowed.
''Salvia lyrata'' forms a basal rosette of leaves that are up to {{convert|8|in|cm}} long, broadening toward the tip. The leaves have irregular margins and are typically pinnately lobed or cut, looking somewhat like a [[lyre]]. The center vein is sometimes dark wine-purple. A square-shaped hairy stem up to {{convert|2|ft|m}} long grows from the rosette, with uneven whorls of two-lipped lavender to blue flowers. Flowering is heaviest between April and June, though sparse flowering can happen throughout the year. The leaves were once thought to be an external cure for cancer, thus one of the common names "Cancerweed".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.floridata.com/ref/S/salv_lyr.cfm|title=Salvia lyrata|last=Duever|first=Linda Conway|publisher=Floridata|access-date=2009-03-11}}</ref> ''Salvia lyrata'' grows in full sun or light to medium shade, with native stands found on roadsides, fields, and open woodlands.<ref name="USDA">{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_saly2.pdf|title=Lyreleaf Sage|work=USDA Plant Fact Sheet|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|access-date=2009-03-12}}</ref>


===Cultivation and uses===
==Cultivation and uses==
''Salvia lyrata'' is sometimes grown in [[garden]]s for its attractive foliage and flowers, though it can prolifically seed, easily spreading into lawns. Its ability to thrive despite being mowed and walked on, however, mean it can be used as a turf grass alternative that is attractive to bees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Salvia lyrata |url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=saly2 |website=wildflower.org}}</ref> Several [[cultivar]]s have been developed with purple leaves. 'Burgundy Bliss' and 'Purple Knockout' are two cultivars with burgundy leaves that are deeper in color than the species.<ref name="Armitage"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Anisko|first=Tomasz|title=When Perennials Bloom|publisher=Timber Press|year=2008|pages=402|isbn=978-0-88192-887-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ODYpMZXFnSQC&pg=PA402}}</ref> Native Americans used the root as a salve for sores, and used the whole plant as a tea for colds and coughs.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Choukas-Bradley|first1=Melanie|last2=Brown|first2=Tina Thieme|title=An Illustrated Guide to Eastern Woodland Wildflowers and Trees|publisher=University of Virginia Press|year=2004|pages=210–211|isbn=978-0-8139-2251-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hNaulBz0djcC&pg=PA210}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Moerman|first=Daniel E.|title=Native American Ethnobotany|publisher=9780881924534|year=1998|pages=510|isbn=9780881924534|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXaQat5icHUC&pg=PA510}}</ref>
It is sometimes grown in [[garden]]s for its attractive foliage and flowers. Several [[cultivar]]s have been developed with purple leaves.
Two readily available seed raised cultivars include:
*'Purple Prince' - Grows about 35 cm tall with reddish purple colored veins and dark purple spikes with small lilac colored flowers in dark purple [[calyx (botany)|calyces]].
*'Purple Volcano' - Grows about 35 cm tall with dark purple leaves that have a shiny sheen to them. The flowers are light blue in color.


==Gallery==
===Suspected hazards to livestock===
{{Gallery
A few species of Salvia are known nitrate accumulators, namely S. cocinea and S. reflexa, both listed as toxic plants. The phenome is generally characteristc of other toxic indigenous plants of North America, including Nuttall Deathcamas ( [[Zigadenus|Zigadenus nuttallii]]), but is also considered to be a species of wildflower.
|width=150
Salvia Lyrata is easily recognized by it’s lyre shaped leaf lobes with purple veins, rectangular shaped branching stalk with fine short hairy bristles, and trumpet shaped purple flower clusters. The leaves are slightly hairy, green lobed, and have beautiful purpled veins. Debate involves edibility.
⚫
|Image:SalviaLyrataCutAway.jpg|
A reference to antidotes include laxatives categorized previously under perennial herbs. But, the family of Salvia wildflower poisoning also is not common, and only general clinical signs are reported: muscular weakness,diarrhea,& colic.
|Image:SalviaLyrata.jpg
Animals that die after consuming contaminated hay show post-mortem evidence of gastrointestinal inflammation and liver necrosis. Lethal level of contamination has not been determined.
}}
A broad spectrum herbicide is effective in reducing Salvia Lyrata contamination in pastures growing fodder, and forage products like alfalfa, and hay. A mixture of 40:1 dimethylamine salt of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid liquid distributed with an anti-drift spray solution of water mist at a rate of 41 gallons per acres can be effective against Salvia contamination during late winter, or early spring when wildflower blooming stages first appear. Precaution should be taken to protect people and livestock. [[Image:SalviaLyrata.jpg|right|StationNT5Bmedia]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==External links==
* [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=456622-1&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditSimplePlantNameSearch.do%3Ffind_wholeName%3DSalvia%2Blyrata%26output_format%3Dnormal IPNI Listing]
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?32945 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Salvia lyrata'']
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SALY2 USDA PLants Profile: ''Salvia lyrata'']
* [http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_saly2.pdf USDA Fact Sheet]
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SALY2 USDA Plant Profile]
*[http://www.missouriplants.com/Blueopp/Salvia_lyrata_page.html Missouriplants: ''Salvia lyrata'']
* [http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SALY2 University of Texas at Austin description]
*[http://texnat.tamu.edu/cmplants/toxic/plants/lanceleaf.html Dr Chas R Hart, Texas A&M University]
* {{CalPhotos|Salvia|lyrata}}
*[http://www.cvm.tamu.edu TAMU College of Veterinary Medicine]
* {{PFAF|Salvia lyrata}}
*[http://www.wildflower.org Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q5963510}}
⚫
[[Image:SalviaLyrataCutAway.jpg|left|425px|StationNT5Bmedia]]


[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
[[Category:Salvia|lyrata]]
[[Category:Flora of the Eastern United States]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

Latest revision as of 19:11, 25 May 2023

Salvia lyrata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Salvia
Species:
S. lyrata
Binomial name
Salvia lyrata

Salvia lyrata (lyre-leaf sage, lyreleaf sage, wild sage, cancerweed), is a herbaceous perennial in the family Lamiaceae that is native to the United States, from Connecticut west to Missouri, and in the south from Florida west to Texas.[1] It was described and named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.[2]

Description[edit]

Salvia lyrata forms a basal rosette of leaves that are up to 8 inches (20 cm) long, broadening toward the tip. The leaves have irregular margins and are typically pinnately lobed or cut, looking somewhat like a lyre. The center vein is sometimes dark wine-purple. A square-shaped hairy stem up to 2 feet (0.61 m) long grows from the rosette, with uneven whorls of two-lipped lavender to blue flowers. Flowering is heaviest between April and June, though sparse flowering can happen throughout the year. The leaves were once thought to be an external cure for cancer, thus one of the common names "Cancerweed".[3] Salvia lyrata grows in full sun or light to medium shade, with native stands found on roadsides, fields, and open woodlands.[4]

Cultivation and uses[edit]

Salvia lyrata is sometimes grown in gardens for its attractive foliage and flowers, though it can prolifically seed, easily spreading into lawns. Its ability to thrive despite being mowed and walked on, however, mean it can be used as a turf grass alternative that is attractive to bees.[5] Several cultivars have been developed with purple leaves. 'Burgundy Bliss' and 'Purple Knockout' are two cultivars with burgundy leaves that are deeper in color than the species.[1][6] Native Americans used the root as a salve for sores, and used the whole plant as a tea for colds and coughs.[7][8]

Gallery[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b Armitage, Allan M. (2006). Armitage's Native Plants for North American Gardens. Timber Press. pp. 335–336. ISBN 978-0-88192-760-3.
  2. ^ "Salvia lyrata". IPNI Database. International Plant Names Index. 2005. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  3. ^ Duever, Linda Conway. "Salvia lyrata". Floridata. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
  4. ^ "Lyreleaf Sage" (PDF). USDA Plant Fact Sheet. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  5. ^ "Salvia lyrata". wildflower.org.
  6. ^ Anisko, Tomasz (2008). When Perennials Bloom. Timber Press. p. 402. ISBN 978-0-88192-887-7.
  7. ^ Choukas-Bradley, Melanie; Brown, Tina Thieme (2004). An Illustrated Guide to Eastern Woodland Wildflowers and Trees. University of Virginia Press. pp. 210–211. ISBN 978-0-8139-2251-5.
  8. ^ Moerman, Daniel E. (1998). Native American Ethnobotany. 9780881924534. p. 510. ISBN 9780881924534.

External links[edit]

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