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{{Short description|Turbojet engine}}
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The '''Westinghouse J34''', company designation '''Westinghouse 24C''', was a [[turbojet engine]] developed by [[Westinghouse Aviation Gas Turbine Division]] in the late 1940s. Essentially an enlarged version of the earlier [[Westinghouse J30]], the J34 produced 3,000 pounds of thrust, twice as much as the J30. Later models produced as much as 4,900 lbs with the addition of an [[afterburner]]. It first flew in 1947. The [[Westinghouse J46|J46]] engine was developed as a larger, more powerful version of Westinghouse's J34 engine, about 50% larger.
The '''Westinghouse J34''', company designation '''Westinghouse 24C''', was a [[turbojet engine]] developed by [[Westinghouse Aviation Gas Turbine Division]] in the late 1940s. Essentially an enlarged version of the earlier [[Westinghouse J30]], the J34 produced 3,000 pounds of thrust, twice as much as the J30. Later models produced as much as 4,900 lb with the addition of an [[afterburner]]. It first flew in 1947. The [[Westinghouse J46|J46]] engine was developed as a larger, more powerful version of Westinghouse's J34 engine, about 50% larger.


==Development==
==Development==


Built in an era of rapidly advancing [[gas turbine]] engine technology, the J34 was largely obsolete before it saw service, and often served as an interim engine.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f6u.htm "F6U Pirate."] ''globalsecurity.org''. Retrieved: 29 May 2015.</ref> For instance, the [[X-3 Stiletto|Douglas X-3 "Stiletto"]] was equipped with two J34 engines when the intended [[Westinghouse J46]] engine proved to be unsuitable. The Stiletto was developed to investigate the design of an aircraft at sustained supersonic speeds. However, equipped with the J34 instead of its intended engines, it was seriously underpowered and could not exceed Mach 1 in level flight.<ref>[http://www.shanaberger.com/X-3.htm "Douglas X-3 Stiletto,"] ''shanaberger.com''. Retrieved: 29 May 2015.</ref>
Built in an era of rapidly advancing [[gas turbine]] engine technology, the J34 was largely obsolete before it saw service, and often served as an interim engine.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f6u.htm "F6U Pirate."] ''globalsecurity.org''. Retrieved: 29 May 2015.</ref> For instance, the [[Douglas X-3 Stiletto]] was equipped with two J34 engines when the intended [[Westinghouse J46]] engine proved to be unsuitable. The Stiletto was developed to investigate the design of an aircraft at sustained supersonic speeds. However, equipped with the J34 instead of its intended engines, it was seriously underpowered and could not exceed Mach 1 in level flight.<ref>[http://www.shanaberger.com/X-3.htm "Douglas X-3 Stiletto,"] ''shanaberger.com''. Retrieved: 29 May 2015.</ref>


Developed during the transition from piston-engined aircraft to jets, the J34 was sometimes fitted to aircraft as a supplement to other powerplants, as with the [[Lockheed P-2 Neptune]] and [[Douglas Skyrocket]] (fitted with radial piston engines and a rocket engine, respectively).
Developed during the transition from piston-engined aircraft to jets, the J34 was sometimes fitted to aircraft as a supplement to other powerplants, as with the [[Lockheed P-2 Neptune]] and [[Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket]] (fitted with radial piston engines and a rocket engine, respectively).


The afterburner was developed by [[Solar Turbines|Solar Aircraft]], the first U.S. company to produce a practical afterburner.{{Sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|p=78}}
The afterburner was developed by [[Solar Turbines|Solar Aircraft]], the first U.S. company to produce a practical afterburner.{{Sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|p=78}}


==Variants==
==Variants==
* J34-WE-2: 3,000&nbsp;lb (13.35&nbsp;kN) thrust
;J34-WE-2: {{cvt|3000|lbf|kN}} thrust
;XJ34-WE-4: {{cvt|3000|lbf|kN}} thrust; originally designated '''J45'''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.designation-systems.net/usmilav/engines.html#_Turbine4668 | title=Designations of U.S. Military Aero Engines }}</ref>
* XJ34-WE-7: 3,000&nbsp;lb (13.35&nbsp;kN) thrust
* J34-WE-13: 3,000&nbsp;lb (13.35&nbsp;kN) thrust
;XJ34-WE-7: {{cvt|3000|lbf|kN}} thrust
;J34-WE-11: Similar to -42 with short afterburner
* J34-WE-15: 3,000&nbsp;lb (13.35&nbsp;kN) thrust
* J34-WE-15: 4,100&nbsp;lb (18.24&nbsp;kN) thrust
;J34-WE-13: {{cvt|3000|lbf|kN}} thrust
* J34-WE-17: 3,370&nbsp;lb (14.99&nbsp;kN) thrust (4,850&nbsp;lb (21.57&nbsp;kN) thrust with afterburner)
;J34-WE-15: Similar to -42 {{cvt|3000|lbf|kN}} thrust, with short afterburner
* J34-WE-19: 3,250&nbsp;lb (14.46&nbsp;kN) thrust
;J34-WE-15: {{cvt|4100|lbf|kN}} thrust
;J34-WE-17: Similar to -42 {{cvt|3370|lbf|kN}} thrust ( {{cvt|4850|lbf|kN}} thrust with long afterburner)
* J34-WE-22: 3,000&nbsp;lb (13.35&nbsp;kN) thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007>Roux [https://books.google.co.za/books?id=_5vA_5XK33sC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false 2007, pp. 217–220.]</ref>
;J34-WE-19: {{cvt|3250|lbf|kN}} thrust
⚫
* J34-WE-30: 3,150&nbsp;lb (14.01&nbsp;kN) thrust (4,200&nbsp;lb (18.68&nbsp;kN) thrust with afterburner)<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
* J34-WE-30A: 3,150&nbsp;lb (14.01&nbsp;kN) thrust (4,200&nbsp;lb (18.68&nbsp;kN) thrust with afterburner)<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J34-WE-22: (24C-4B) {{cvt|3000|lbf|kN}} thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007>Roux [https://books.google.com/books?id=_5vA_5XK33sC 2007, pp. 217–220.]</ref>
* J43-WE-32: 3,370&nbsp;lb (14.99&nbsp;kN) thrust (4,900&nbsp;lb (21.8&nbsp;kN) thrust with afterburner)<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J34-WE-30: (24C-4C) {{cvt|3150|lbf|kN}} thrust ( {{cvt|4200|lbf|kN}} thrust with afterburner)<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
* J34-WE-34: 3,250&nbsp;lb (14.46&nbsp;kN) thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J34-WE-30A: 3,150&nbsp;lbf (14.01&nbsp;kN) thrust (4,200&nbsp;lbf (18.68&nbsp;kN) thrust with afterburner)<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J43-WE-32: Similar to -42 {{cvt|3370|lbf|kN}} thrust ( {{cvt|4900|lbf|kN}} thrust with long afterburner)<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
* J34-WE-34A: 3,000&nbsp;lb (13.35&nbsp;kN) thrust
* J34-WE-36: 3,400&nbsp;lb (15.12&nbsp;kN) thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J34-WE-34: (24C-4D) {{cvt|3250|lbf|kN}} thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
* J34-WE-36A: 3,400&nbsp;lb (15.12&nbsp;kN) thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J34-WE-34A: {{cvt|3000|lbf|kN}} thrust
* J34-WE-38: 3,800&nbsp;lb (16.9&nbsp;kN) thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J34-WE-36: (24C-4E) {{cvt|3400|lbf|kN}} thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
* J34-WE-40: 3,000&nbsp;lb (13.35&nbsp;kN) thrust
;J34-WE-36A: {{cvt|3400|lbf|kN}} thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
* J34-WE-42: 3,400&nbsp;lb (15.12&nbsp;kN) thrust (4200&nbsp;lb (18.68&nbsp;kN) thrust with afterburner)<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J34-WE-38: {{cvt|3800|lbf|kN}} thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
* J34-WE-46: 3,400&nbsp;lb (15.12&nbsp;kN) thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J34-WE-40: {{cvt|3000|lbf|kN}} thrust
⚫
;J34-WE-42: {{cvt|3400|lbf|kN}} thrust ( {{cvt|4200|lbf|kN}} thrust with afterburner)<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J34-WE-46: {{cvt|3400|lbf|kN}} thrust<ref name=TTEDH2007 />
;J34-WE-48: Single stage turbine. Contract awarded 1959
;W-340:Commercial version of the WE-36
;24C-4B: company designation for WE-22.<ref name=AEotW50>{{cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Paul H. |title=Aircraft engines of the World 1950 |year=1950 |publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. |location=London |edition=11th |pages=62–63}}</ref>
;24C-4C: company designation for WE-30.<ref name=AEotW50/>
;24C-4D: company designation for WE-34.<ref name=AEotW50/>
;24C-8: company designation for WE-32.<ref name=AEotW50/>


==Applications==
==Applications==
===Aircraft===

⚫
* [[Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar]] (civilian variant modification)
* [[Convair F2Y Sea Dart]]
* [[Convair F2Y Sea Dart]]
* [[Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk]]
* [[Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk]]
⚫
* [[Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket]]
* [[Douglas F3D Skyknight]]
* [[Douglas F3D Skyknight]]
⚫
* [[Douglas Skyrocket]]
* [[Douglas X-3 Stiletto]]
* [[Douglas X-3 Stiletto]]
⚫
* [[Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar]] (civilian variant modification)
⚫
* [[Lockheed XF-90]]
*[[Grumman OV-1A - Pittsburgh Institute of Aeronautics]]
* [[Lockheed P-2 Neptune|Lockheed P-2E/G/H Neptune]]
* [[Lockheed P-2 Neptune|Lockheed P-2E/G/H Neptune]]
⚫
* [[Lockheed XF-90]]
* [[McDonnell 119|McDonnell 119/220]]
* [[McDonnell 119|McDonnell 119/220]] (prototype only)
* [[McDonnell F2H Banshee]]
* [[McDonnell F2H Banshee]]
* [[McDonnell XF-85 Goblin]]
* [[McDonnell XF-85 Goblin]]
* [[McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo]]
* [[McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo]]
* [[North American T-2 Buckeye|North American T-2A Buckeye]]
* [[Ryan FR Fireball|Ryan XFR-4 Fireball]]
* [[Ryan FR Fireball|Ryan XFR-4 Fireball]]
* [[Vought F6U Pirate]]
* [[Vought F6U Pirate]]
* [[Vought F7U Cutlass]]
* [[Vought F7U Cutlass]]

Water speed record application
===Others===
⚫
* [[Ken Warby]]'s [[Spirit of Australia]] jet boat
⚫
* [[Shockwave (jet truck)|Shockwave]] jet truck
Jet Truck application
⚫
* [[Ashmont–Mattapan High Speed Line#Snowzilla|Snowzilla]] snow remover
⚫
* [[Shockwave (Jet Truck)|Shockwave]]
⚫
* [[Spirit of Australia]] jet boat
Snow removal

⚫
* [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|MBTA]] [[Ashmont–Mattapan High Speed Line#Snowzilla|Snowzilla]]
==Engines on display==
*A Westinghouse J34 is on public display at the [[Aerospace Museum of California]].


==Specifications (J34-WE-36)==
==Specifications (J34-WE-36)==
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|thrust=3400 lbf (15.12 kN)
|thrust=3400 lbf (15.12 kN)
|compression= 4.35:1
|compression= 4.35:1
|aircon=50-55 lbs/sec
|aircon=50-55 lb/s
|turbinetemp=
|turbinetemp=
|fuelcon=
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon=1.04 lb/hr-lb
|specfuelcon={{convert|1.04|tsfc|si tsfc}}
|power/weight=
|power/weight=
|thrust/weight=2.82:1
|thrust/weight=2.82
}}
}}


Line 117: Line 130:
===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
* Gunston, Bill. ''World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines'', 5th Edition. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited, 2006. pp.&nbsp;240–241. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X.
* Gunston, Bill. ''World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines'', 5th Edition. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited, 2006. pp.&nbsp;240–241. {{ISBN|0-7509-4479-X}}.
* Kay, Anthony L. ''Turbojet History and Development 1930-1960 Volume 2: USSR, USA, Japan, France, Canada, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Hungary'' (1st ed.). Ramsbury, UK: The Crowood Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1861269393.
* Kay, Anthony L. ''Turbojet History and Development 1930-1960 Volume 2: USSR, USA, Japan, France, Canada, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Hungary'' (1st ed.). Ramsbury, UK: The Crowood Press, 2007. {{ISBN|978-1861269393}}.
* Leyes, Richard A., II and William A. Fleming. ''The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines'' (Library of Flight). Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc, 1999. ISBN 978-1-56347-332-6.
* Leyes, Richard A., II and William A. Fleming. ''The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines'' (Library of Flight). Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc, 1999. {{ISBN|978-1-56347-332-6}}.
* Roux, Élodie. ''Turbofan and Turbojet Engines: Database Handbook''. Raleigh, North Carolina: Éditions Élodie Roux, 2007. ISBN 978-2-9529380-1-3.
* Roux, Élodie. ''Turbofan and Turbojet Engines: Database Handbook''. Raleigh, North Carolina: Éditions Élodie Roux, 2007. {{ISBN|978-2-9529380-1-3}}.
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


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{{USAF gas turbine engines}}
{{USAF gas turbine engines}}


[[Category:Turbojet engines 1940–1949]]
[[Category:1940s turbojet engines]]
[[Category:Westinghouse aircraft engines|J34]]
[[Category:Westinghouse aircraft engines|J34]]

Latest revision as of 04:10, 12 September 2023

J34
J34 on display at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Museum
Type Turbojet
National origin United States
Manufacturer Westinghouse Aviation Gas Turbine Division
First run 11 January 1947
Major applications F2H Banshee
F3D Skyknight
P-2 Neptune
Developed from Westinghouse J30
Developed into Westinghouse J46

The Westinghouse J34, company designation Westinghouse 24C, was a turbojet engine developed by Westinghouse Aviation Gas Turbine Division in the late 1940s. Essentially an enlarged version of the earlier Westinghouse J30, the J34 produced 3,000 pounds of thrust, twice as much as the J30. Later models produced as much as 4,900 lb with the addition of an afterburner. It first flew in 1947. The J46 engine was developed as a larger, more powerful version of Westinghouse's J34 engine, about 50% larger.

Development[edit]

Built in an era of rapidly advancing gas turbine engine technology, the J34 was largely obsolete before it saw service, and often served as an interim engine.[1] For instance, the Douglas X-3 Stiletto was equipped with two J34 engines when the intended Westinghouse J46 engine proved to be unsuitable. The Stiletto was developed to investigate the design of an aircraft at sustained supersonic speeds. However, equipped with the J34 instead of its intended engines, it was seriously underpowered and could not exceed Mach 1 in level flight.[2]

Developed during the transition from piston-engined aircraft to jets, the J34 was sometimes fitted to aircraft as a supplement to other powerplants, as with the Lockheed P-2 Neptune and Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket (fitted with radial piston engines and a rocket engine, respectively).

The afterburner was developed by Solar Aircraft, the first U.S. company to produce a practical afterburner.[3]

Variants[edit]

J34-WE-2
3,000 lbf (13 kN) thrust
XJ34-WE-4
3,000 lbf (13 kN) thrust; originally designated J45[4]
XJ34-WE-7
3,000 lbf (13 kN) thrust
J34-WE-11
Similar to -42 with short afterburner
J34-WE-13
3,000 lbf (13 kN) thrust
J34-WE-15
Similar to -42 3,000 lbf (13 kN) thrust, with short afterburner
J34-WE-15
4,100 lbf (18 kN) thrust
J34-WE-17
Similar to -42 3,370 lbf (15.0 kN) thrust ( 4,850 lbf (21.6 kN) thrust with long afterburner)
J34-WE-19
3,250 lbf (14.5 kN) thrust
J34-WE-22
(24C-4B) 3,000 lbf (13 kN) thrust[5]
J34-WE-30
(24C-4C) 3,150 lbf (14.0 kN) thrust ( 4,200 lbf (19 kN) thrust with afterburner)[5]
J34-WE-30A
3,150 lbf (14.01 kN) thrust (4,200 lbf (18.68 kN) thrust with afterburner)[5]
J43-WE-32
Similar to -42 3,370 lbf (15.0 kN) thrust ( 4,900 lbf (22 kN) thrust with long afterburner)[5]
J34-WE-34
(24C-4D) 3,250 lbf (14.5 kN) thrust[5]
J34-WE-34A
3,000 lbf (13 kN) thrust
J34-WE-36
(24C-4E) 3,400 lbf (15 kN) thrust[5]
J34-WE-36A
3,400 lbf (15 kN) thrust[5]
J34-WE-38
3,800 lbf (17 kN) thrust[5]
J34-WE-40
3,000 lbf (13 kN) thrust
J34-WE-42
3,400 lbf (15 kN) thrust ( 4,200 lbf (19 kN) thrust with afterburner)[5]
J34-WE-46
3,400 lbf (15 kN) thrust[5]
J34-WE-48
Single stage turbine. Contract awarded 1959
W-340
Commercial version of the WE-36
24C-4B
company designation for WE-22.[6]
24C-4C
company designation for WE-30.[6]
24C-4D
company designation for WE-34.[6]
24C-8
company designation for WE-32.[6]

Applications[edit]

Aircraft[edit]

Others[edit]

Engines on display[edit]

Specifications (J34-WE-36)[edit]

Data from [7]

General characteristics

  • Type: Turbojet
  • Length: 112 in (2.84 m)
  • Diameter: 27 in (0.69 m)
  • Dry weight: 1207 lb (547.5 kg)

Components

Performance

See also[edit]

Related development

Comparable engines

Related lists

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ "F6U Pirate." globalsecurity.org. Retrieved: 29 May 2015.
  2. ^ "Douglas X-3 Stiletto," shanaberger.com. Retrieved: 29 May 2015.
  3. ^ Leyes & Fleming 1999, p. 78.
  4. ^ "Designations of U.S. Military Aero Engines".
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Roux 2007, pp. 217–220.
  6. ^ a b c d Wilkinson, Paul H. (1950). Aircraft engines of the World 1950 (11th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 62–63.
  7. ^ Westinghouse Turbojets (1953). Flight. 13 Nov 1953, p. 642.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines, 5th Edition. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited, 2006. pp. 240–241. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X.
  • Kay, Anthony L. Turbojet History and Development 1930-1960 Volume 2: USSR, USA, Japan, France, Canada, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Hungary (1st ed.). Ramsbury, UK: The Crowood Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1861269393.
  • Leyes, Richard A., II and William A. Fleming. The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines (Library of Flight). Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc, 1999. ISBN 978-1-56347-332-6.
  • Roux, Élodie. Turbofan and Turbojet Engines: Database Handbook. Raleigh, North Carolina: Éditions Élodie Roux, 2007. ISBN 978-2-9529380-1-3.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Westinghouse J34.
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