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{{short description|Landscape design firm}}
{{short description|Landscape design firm}}
[[File:"Barberrys," Nelson Doubleday house, Mill Neck, New York. Flower garden.jpg|thumb|"Barberrys," Nelson Doubleday house, Mill Neck, New York, by Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1921. Architect: Harrie Thomas Lindberg (1916). Landscape: Percival Gallagher, Olmsted Brothers, 1919–1924 and others]]
[[File:"Barberrys," Nelson Doubleday house, Mill Neck, New York. Flower garden.jpg|thumb|"Barberrys", Nelson Doubleday house, Mill Neck, New York, by Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1921. Architect: Harrie Thomas Lindberg (1916). Landscape: Percival Gallagher, Olmsted Brothers, 1919–1924 and others]]


The '''Olmsted Brothers''' company was a [[Landscape architecture|landscape architectural]] firm in the United States, established in 1898 by brothers [[John Charles Olmsted]] (1852–1920) and [[Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.]] (1870–1957), sons of the landscape architect [[Frederick Law Olmsted]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Beveridge|first1=Charles E.|title=The Olmsted Firm—An Introduction|url=http://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/the-olmsted-firm/an-introduction|publisher=Olmsted.org|access-date=22 August 2017}}</ref>
The '''Olmsted Brothers''' company was a [[Landscape architecture|landscape architectural]] firm in the United States, established in 1898 by brothers [[John Charles Olmsted]] (1852–1920) and [[Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.]] (1870–1957), sons of the landscape architect [[Frederick Law Olmsted]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Beveridge|first1=Charles E.|title=The Olmsted Firm—An Introduction|url=http://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/the-olmsted-firm/an-introduction|publisher=Olmsted.org|access-date=22 August 2017}}</ref>
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The Olmsted Brothers inherited the nation's first landscape architecture firm from their father [[Frederick Law Olmsted]].<ref>{{cite web |title= 1898-1980: Olmsted Brothers |url= https://tclf.org/pioneer/olmsted-bros |publisher= The Cultural Landscape Foundation |access-date= 22 August 2017}}</ref> This firm was a successor to the earlier firm of '''Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot''' after the death of their partner [[Charles Eliot (landscape architect)|Charles Eliot]] in 1897. The two brothers were among the founding members of the [[American Society of Landscape Architects]] (ASLA) and played an influential role in creating the [[National Park Service]]. Prior to their takeover of the firm, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. had worked as an apprentice under his father, helping to design projects such as [[Biltmore Estate]] and the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] before graduating from [[Harvard University]].<ref>[https://www.tclf.org/pioneer/olmsted-olmsted-eliot 1893 - 1897, Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot], The Cultural Landscape Foundation, connecting people to places</ref> With [[Charles Eliot (landscape architect)|Charles Eliot]], they also designed the gardens of [[Cairnwood|Cairnwood House]] in Pennsylvania and [[Lady Meredith House]] in [[Montreal]].
The Olmsted Brothers inherited the nation's first landscape architecture firm from their father [[Frederick Law Olmsted]].<ref>{{cite web |title= 1898-1980: Olmsted Brothers |url= https://tclf.org/pioneer/olmsted-bros |publisher= The Cultural Landscape Foundation |access-date= 22 August 2017}}</ref> This firm was a successor to the earlier firm of '''Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot''' after the death of their partner [[Charles Eliot (landscape architect)|Charles Eliot]] in 1897. The two brothers were among the founding members of the [[American Society of Landscape Architects]] (ASLA) and played an influential role in creating the [[National Park Service]]. Prior to their takeover of the firm, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. had worked as an apprentice under his father, helping to design projects such as [[Biltmore Estate]] and the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] before graduating from [[Harvard University]].<ref>[https://www.tclf.org/pioneer/olmsted-olmsted-eliot 1893 - 1897, Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot], The Cultural Landscape Foundation, connecting people to places</ref> With [[Charles Eliot (landscape architect)|Charles Eliot]], they also designed the gardens of [[Cairnwood|Cairnwood House]] in Pennsylvania and [[Lady Meredith House]] in [[Montreal]].


The firm employed nearly 60 staff at its peak in the early 1930s. Notable landscape architects in the firm included [[James Frederick Dawson]], [[Arthur Asahel Shurcliff]] and Percival Gallagher.<ref name=tlcf>{{cite web |title= Percival Gallagher| url=http://tclf.org/content/percival-gallagher |publisher= The Cultural Landscape Foundation |access-date= 11 April 2012 |url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222050114/http://tclf.org/content/percival-gallagher| archive-date=2012-02-22}}</ref><ref name=sirs>{{cite web |title= Percival Gallagher|url= http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=12622E21190UU.7082&profile=all&uri=link=3100006~!105700~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=2&source=~!siarchives&term=Gallagher%2C+Percival%2C&index= |publisher= Smithsonian Institution Research Information System: Archives, Manuscripts and Photographs Catalog| access-date= 11 April 2012}}</ref> After becoming an associate partner in 1904 Dawson became a full partner in 1922.<ref name=NAOP>{{cite web |title= Chronology of the Olmsted Firm 1857–1979 |website= Olmsted.com |publisher= National Association for Olmsted Parks |url= https://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/the-olmsted-firm/chronology-of-the-olmsted-firm-18571979 |accessdate= 14 April 2023}}</ref> Gallagher become an associate partner in 1906 and a partner in 1927, until his death in 1934.<ref name= NAOP/> Edward Clark Whiting became an associate partner in 1920 and partner in 1927. In that same year [[Henry Vincent Hubbard]] became a partner and remained with the firm until his death in 1947.<ref name= NAOP/> William B. Marquis became a partner in 1937.<ref name= Birnbaum>{{cite book |last1= Birnbaum |first1= Charles A. |last2= Levee |first2= Arleyn A. |last3= Winter |first3= Dena Tasse |year= 2022 |title= Experiencing Olmsted: The Enduring Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted's North American Landscapes |location= Portland, Oregon |publisher= Timber Press |pages= 314, 315, 318, 321, 325 |type= Hardcover |isbn= 978-1-64326-036-5}}</ref>
The firm employed nearly 60 staff at its peak in the early 1930s. Notable landscape architects in the firm included [[James Frederick Dawson]], [[Arthur Asahel Shurcliff]] and Percival Gallagher.<ref name=tlcf>{{cite web |title= Percival Gallagher| url=http://tclf.org/content/percival-gallagher |publisher= The Cultural Landscape Foundation |access-date= 11 April 2012 |url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222050114/http://tclf.org/content/percival-gallagher| archive-date=2012-02-22}}</ref> After becoming an associate partner in 1904 Dawson became a full partner in 1922.<ref name=NAOP>{{cite web |title= Chronology of the Olmsted Firm 1857–1979 |website= Olmsted.com |publisher= National Association for Olmsted Parks |url= https://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/the-olmsted-firm/chronology-of-the-olmsted-firm-18571979 |access-date= 14 April 2023}}</ref> Gallagher become an associate partner in 1906 and a partner in 1927, until his death in 1934.<ref name= NAOP/> Edward Clark Whiting became an associate partner in 1920 and partner in 1927. In that same year [[Henry Vincent Hubbard]] became a partner and remained with the firm until his death in 1947.<ref name= NAOP/> William B. Marquis became a partner in 1937.<ref name= Birnbaum>{{cite book |last1= Birnbaum |first1= Charles A. |last2= Levee |first2= Arleyn A. |last3= Winter |first3= Dena Tasse |year= 2022 |title= Experiencing Olmsted: The Enduring Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted's North American Landscapes |location= Portland, Oregon |publisher= Timber Press |pages= 314, 315, 318, 321, 325 |type= Hardcover |isbn= 978-1-64326-036-5}}</ref>


The last Olmsted family member in the firm, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., retired from active practice in 1949, but remained a partner until 1957.<ref name= NAOP/><ref name=easton>{{cite news |last= Easton |first= Valerie |date= 27 April 2003 |title= Masters Of Green |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/pacificnw/2003/0427/cover.html| work=[[The Seattle Times]]| publisher=seattletimes.com| access-date= 11 April 2012}}</ref> The firm itself remained in operation, with Carl Rust Parker, Partridge Richardson and Charles Scott Riley becoming partners in 1950.<ref name= Birnbaum/> By 1958 Joseph George Hudak had also become a partner.<ref name= Birnbaum/>
The last Olmsted family member in the firm, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., retired from active practice in 1949, but remained a partner until 1957.<ref name= NAOP/><ref name=easton>{{cite news |last= Easton |first= Valerie |date= 27 April 2003 |title= Masters Of Green |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/pacificnw/2003/0427/cover.html| work=[[The Seattle Times]]| publisher=seattletimes.com| access-date= 11 April 2012}}</ref> The firm itself remained in operation, with Carl Rust Parker, Partridge Richardson and Charles Scott Riley becoming partners in 1950.<ref name= Birnbaum/> By 1958 Joseph George Hudak had also become a partner.<ref name= Birnbaum/>


In 1962<ref name= NAOP/> the firm changed its name to Olmsted Associates to reflect the retirement of Parker in 1960, Riley in 1961, Marquis in 1962, and the death of Whiting in 1962, leaving the firm to continue under Richardson and Hudak with Erno J. Fonagy joining them as an associate.<ref name= NAOP/> Olmsted Associates was dissolved in 1979.<ref name= Birnbaum /> Afterwards Richardson continued to practice under the name The Olmsted Office<ref name= NAOP/> from Brookline in 1980 and continuing in [[Fremont, New Hampshire]] until 2000. This created one continuous firm from 1858–2000.<ref name="end">{{cite journal |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2015/nov/05/frederick-law-olmsted-americas-green-giant/ |title=America's Green Giant |last=Filler |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Filler |date=November 5, 2015 |volume=62 |number=17 |page=16 |journal=[[New York Review of Books]] |access-date=November 8, 2015}}</ref>
In 1962<ref name= NAOP/> the firm changed its name to Olmsted Associates to reflect the retirement of Parker in 1960, Riley in 1961, Marquis in 1962, and the death of Whiting in 1962, leaving the firm to continue under Richardson and Hudak with Erno J. Fonagy joining them as an associate.<ref name= NAOP/> Olmsted Associates was dissolved in 1979.<ref name= Birnbaum /> Afterwards Richardson continued to practice under the name The Olmsted Office<ref name= NAOP/> from Brookline in 1980 and continuing in [[Fremont, New Hampshire]] until 2000. This created one continuous firm from 1858 to 2000.<ref name="end">{{cite journal |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2015/nov/05/frederick-law-olmsted-americas-green-giant/ |title=America's Green Giant |last=Filler |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Filler |date=November 5, 2015 |volume=62 |number=17 |page=16 |journal=[[New York Review of Books]] |access-date=November 8, 2015}}</ref>


==Office and archives==
==Office and archives==
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==Design work==
==Design work==
[[File:View of garden and house, Beacon Hill House, Newport residence of Arthur Curtis James, Esq. Olmsted Brothers, Landscape Architects (LOC) (19974340191).jpg|thumb|View of garden and house, Beacon Hill House, Newport residence of [[Arthur Curtiss James]], by Olmsted Brothers]]
[[File:View of garden and house, Beacon Hill House, Newport residence of Arthur Curtis James, Esq. Olmsted Brothers, Landscape Architects (LOC) (19974340191).jpg|thumb|View of garden and house, Beacon Hill House, Newport residence of [[Arthur Curtiss James]], by Olmsted Brothers]]
[[File:Pdx wash mainentrance sse.jpeg|thumb|[[Washington Park (Portland, Oregon)|Washington Park]] in [[Portland, Oregon]]]]

The Olmsted Brothers completed numerous high-profile projects, many of which remain popular to this day, including park systems, universities, exposition grounds, libraries, hospitals, residential neighborhoods and state capitols. Notable commissions include the roadways in the [[Great Smoky Mountains]] and [[Acadia National Park]]s; [[Yosemite Valley]]; Atlanta's [[Piedmont Park]]; [https://www.vamonde.com/posts/springvale-park/8118 Springvale Park]; [[Uplands, Greater Victoria|Uplands]]; residential neighborhoods in [[Oak Bay, British Columbia|Oak Bay]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]], [[Oakland]], [[California]], including the street layout for what is now the Lakeshore Homes Association<ref>[http://lakeshorehomes.net Lakeshore Homes Association]</ref> (the oldest [[homeowners' association]] west of the Mississippi River and which includes parts of Oakland's historic [[Crocker Highlands]] and [[Trestle Glen]] neighborhoods) and [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]] (including parts of [[Mayfield, Baltimore|Mayfield]] and [[Roland Park, Baltimore|Roland Park)]];<ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=http://lakeshorehomes.net/about/history |website=Lakeshore Homeowner's Association |access-date=March 14, 2020}}</ref> entire park systems in cities such as [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], [[Cleveland Metroparks|Cleveland]], [[Olmsted Portland park plan|Portland]], [[Seattle]];<ref name="williams">{{cite news| url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19990502&slug=2958185| work=The Seattle Times| author=David B. Williams| title=The Olmsted Legacy -- The Fabled Massachusetts Landscape Firm Got To Seattle Early, And That Has Made All The Difference |publisher=seattletimes.com |date=May 2, 1999| access-date=April 11, 2012}}</ref> and Washington state's [[Northern State Hospital]]. The Olmsted Brothers also co-authored, with [[Harland Bartholomew]], a 1930 report for the [[Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce]] entitled "Parks, Playgrounds, and Beaches for the Los Angeles Region" encouraging the preservation of outdoor public space in southern California.<ref name="edenbydesign">{{cite book|author1=Hise, Greg |author2=Deverell, William | title=Eden by Design: The 1930 Olmsted-Bartholomew Plan for the Los Angeles Region| publisher=University of California Press |date=June 7, 2000 |isbn=978-0-520-22415-5}}</ref> The report was largely ignored by the city, but became an important urban planning reference. In addition to these higher profile projects, the Olmsted Brothers took on projects beautifying residential areas.{{cn|date=May 2020}}
The Olmsted Brothers completed numerous high-profile projects, many of which remain popular to this day, including park systems, universities, exposition grounds, libraries, hospitals, residential neighborhoods and state capitols. Notable commissions include the roadways in the [[Great Smoky Mountains]] and [[Acadia National Park]]s; [[Yosemite Valley]]; Atlanta's [[Piedmont Park]]; [https://www.vamonde.com/posts/springvale-park/8118 Springvale Park]; [[Uplands, Greater Victoria|Uplands]]; residential neighborhoods in [[Oak Bay, British Columbia|Oak Bay]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]], [[Oakland]], [[California]], including the street layout for what is now the Lakeshore Homes Association<ref>[http://lakeshorehomes.net Lakeshore Homes Association]</ref> (the oldest [[homeowners' association]] west of the Mississippi River and which includes parts of Oakland's historic [[Crocker Highlands]] and [[Trestle Glen]] neighborhoods) and [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]] (including parts of [[Mayfield, Baltimore|Mayfield]] and [[Roland Park, Baltimore|Roland Park)]];<ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=http://lakeshorehomes.net/about/history |website=Lakeshore Homeowner's Association |access-date=March 14, 2020}}</ref> entire park systems in cities such as [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], [[Cleveland Metroparks|Cleveland]], [[Olmsted Portland park plan|Portland]], [[Seattle]];<ref name="williams">{{cite news| url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19990502&slug=2958185| work=The Seattle Times| author=David B. Williams| title=The Olmsted Legacy -- The Fabled Massachusetts Landscape Firm Got To Seattle Early, And That Has Made All The Difference |publisher=seattletimes.com |date=May 2, 1999| access-date=April 11, 2012}}</ref> and Washington state's [[Northern State Hospital]]. The Olmsted Brothers also co-authored, with [[Harland Bartholomew]], a 1930 report for the [[Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce]] entitled "Parks, Playgrounds, and Beaches for the Los Angeles Region" encouraging the preservation of outdoor public space in southern California.<ref name="edenbydesign">{{cite book|author1=Hise, Greg |author2=Deverell, William | title=Eden by Design: The 1930 Olmsted-Bartholomew Plan for the Los Angeles Region| publisher=University of California Press |date=June 7, 2000 |isbn=978-0-520-22415-5}}</ref> The report was largely ignored by the city, but became an important urban planning reference. In addition to these higher profile projects, the Olmsted Brothers took on projects beautifying residential areas.{{cn|date=May 2020}}


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* [http://www.olmsted.org/ National Association for Olmsted Parks]
* [http://www.olmsted.org/ National Association for Olmsted Parks]
* [http://www.filsonhistorical.org/archive/guideindes.html#O|website=The Filson Historical Society|accessdate=15 April 2015]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} In the Filson Archives: Olmsted Brothers (landscape designers), 420, 580, 848.
* [http://www.filsonhistorical.org/archive/guideindes.html#O|website=The Filson Historical Society|accessdate=15 April 2015]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} In the Filson Archives: Olmsted Brothers (landscape designers), 420, 580, 848.

{{Druid Hills}}


[[Category:American landscape architects]]
[[Category:American landscape architects]]
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[[Category:Companies based in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Companies based in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Druid Hills, Georgia]]
[[Category:1980 disestablishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:1980 disestablishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Design companies established in 1898]]
[[Category:Design companies established in 1898]]

Latest revision as of 05:15, 1 February 2024

"Barberrys", Nelson Doubleday house, Mill Neck, New York, by Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1921. Architect: Harrie Thomas Lindberg (1916). Landscape: Percival Gallagher, Olmsted Brothers, 1919–1924 and others

The Olmsted Brothers company was a landscape architectural firm in the United States, established in 1898 by brothers John Charles Olmsted (1852–1920) and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. (1870–1957), sons of the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.[1]

History[edit]

The Olmsted Brothers inherited the nation's first landscape architecture firm from their father Frederick Law Olmsted.[2] This firm was a successor to the earlier firm of Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot after the death of their partner Charles Eliot in 1897. The two brothers were among the founding members of the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) and played an influential role in creating the National Park Service. Prior to their takeover of the firm, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. had worked as an apprentice under his father, helping to design projects such as Biltmore Estate and the World's Columbian Exposition before graduating from Harvard University.[3] With Charles Eliot, they also designed the gardens of Cairnwood House in Pennsylvania and Lady Meredith House in Montreal.

The firm employed nearly 60 staff at its peak in the early 1930s. Notable landscape architects in the firm included James Frederick Dawson, Arthur Asahel Shurcliff and Percival Gallagher.[4] After becoming an associate partner in 1904 Dawson became a full partner in 1922.[5] Gallagher become an associate partner in 1906 and a partner in 1927, until his death in 1934.[5] Edward Clark Whiting became an associate partner in 1920 and partner in 1927. In that same year Henry Vincent Hubbard became a partner and remained with the firm until his death in 1947.[5] William B. Marquis became a partner in 1937.[6]

The last Olmsted family member in the firm, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., retired from active practice in 1949, but remained a partner until 1957.[5][7] The firm itself remained in operation, with Carl Rust Parker, Partridge Richardson and Charles Scott Riley becoming partners in 1950.[6] By 1958 Joseph George Hudak had also become a partner.[6]

In 1962[5] the firm changed its name to Olmsted Associates to reflect the retirement of Parker in 1960, Riley in 1961, Marquis in 1962, and the death of Whiting in 1962, leaving the firm to continue under Richardson and Hudak with Erno J. Fonagy joining them as an associate.[5] Olmsted Associates was dissolved in 1979.[6] Afterwards Richardson continued to practice under the name The Olmsted Office[5] from Brookline in 1980 and continuing in Fremont, New Hampshire until 2000. This created one continuous firm from 1858 to 2000.[8]

Office and archives[edit]

"Fairsted"—the firm's 100-year-old headquarters and design office—has been carefully preserved as the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, located on 7 acres (2.833 ha) of landscaped grounds at 99 Warren St., Brookline, Massachusetts.[9] It offers excellent insights into the practice of large-scale landscape design and engineering. The site also houses an archive (access by appointment only) of the firm's designs, plant lists, and photos for hundreds of projects.

Design work[edit]

View of garden and house, Beacon Hill House, Newport residence of Arthur Curtiss James, by Olmsted Brothers
Washington Park in Portland, Oregon

The Olmsted Brothers completed numerous high-profile projects, many of which remain popular to this day, including park systems, universities, exposition grounds, libraries, hospitals, residential neighborhoods and state capitols. Notable commissions include the roadways in the Great Smoky Mountains and Acadia National Parks; Yosemite Valley; Atlanta's Piedmont Park; Springvale Park; Uplands; residential neighborhoods in Oak Bay, British Columbia, Canada, Oakland, California, including the street layout for what is now the Lakeshore Homes Association[10] (the oldest homeowners' association west of the Mississippi River and which includes parts of Oakland's historic Crocker Highlands and Trestle Glen neighborhoods) and Baltimore, Maryland (including parts of Mayfield and Roland Park);[11] entire park systems in cities such as Birmingham, Cleveland, Portland, Seattle;[12] and Washington state's Northern State Hospital. The Olmsted Brothers also co-authored, with Harland Bartholomew, a 1930 report for the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce entitled "Parks, Playgrounds, and Beaches for the Los Angeles Region" encouraging the preservation of outdoor public space in southern California.[13] The report was largely ignored by the city, but became an important urban planning reference. In addition to these higher profile projects, the Olmsted Brothers took on projects beautifying residential areas.[citation needed]

The Olmsted Brothers were particularly influential on college campuses, helping to plan and design universities across the country by creating close ties between architecture and environment in the built landscape to the purpose of the institution. This can first be tied to their unimplemented work with the College of California, now the University of California, Berkeley, which envisioned a campus that would be integrated with the surrounding community. Other campuses include Stanford University, with a plan drawn specifically to accommodate California's climate; the University of Mississippi, with a plan that would allow for future campus expansion; Washington University in St. Louis; The College of New Jersey; Duke University; Brown University; Williams College; Berea College and the Lincoln Institute; Howard College (now Samford University); the University of Maine; Huntingdon College; and Denison University. Their portfolio also includes secondary educational institutions, such as Emma Willard School (a private girls-only secondary school in New York) and Lawrenceville School (a secondary school in New Jersey).[14]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Beveridge, Charles E. "The Olmsted Firm—An Introduction". Olmsted.org. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  2. ^ "1898-1980: Olmsted Brothers". The Cultural Landscape Foundation. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  3. ^ 1893 - 1897, Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot, The Cultural Landscape Foundation, connecting people to places
  4. ^ "Percival Gallagher". The Cultural Landscape Foundation. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Chronology of the Olmsted Firm 1857–1979". Olmsted.com. National Association for Olmsted Parks. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  6. ^ a b c d Birnbaum, Charles A.; Levee, Arleyn A.; Winter, Dena Tasse (2022). Experiencing Olmsted: The Enduring Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted's North American Landscapes (Hardcover). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 314, 315, 318, 321, 325. ISBN 978-1-64326-036-5.
  7. ^ Easton, Valerie (27 April 2003). "Masters Of Green". The Seattle Times. seattletimes.com. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  8. ^ Filler, Martin (November 5, 2015). "America's Green Giant". New York Review of Books. 62 (17): 16. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  9. ^ Zaitzevsky, Cynthia (1997). Fairsted: A Cultural Landscape Report for the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site. Internet Archive. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  10. ^ Lakeshore Homes Association
  11. ^ "Our History". Lakeshore Homeowner's Association. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  12. ^ David B. Williams (May 2, 1999). "The Olmsted Legacy -- The Fabled Massachusetts Landscape Firm Got To Seattle Early, And That Has Made All The Difference". The Seattle Times. seattletimes.com. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
  13. ^ Hise, Greg; Deverell, William (June 7, 2000). Eden by Design: The 1930 Olmsted-Bartholomew Plan for the Los Angeles Region. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22415-5.
  14. ^ Brookline, Mailing Address: 99 Warren Street; Us, MA 02445 Phone: 617 566-1689 Contact. "Olmsted Designed Campuses - Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2023-03-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

External links[edit]

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