Scorpion mud turtle: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of turtle}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
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| name = Scorpion mud turtle |
| name = Scorpion mud turtle |
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| image = Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) (36602010632).jpg |
| image = Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) (36602010632).jpg |
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| image_caption = |
| image_caption = In Alajuela Province, Costa Rica |
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| status = LR/lc |
| status = LR/lc |
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| status_system = IUCN2.3 |
| status_system = IUCN2.3 |
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| status_ref = |
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| genus = Kinosternon |
| genus = Kinosternon |
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| species = scorpioides |
| species = scorpioides |
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| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus]], 1766) |
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766) |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}} |
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(''K. s. scorpioides'') |
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* ''Testudo scorpioides'' <small>Linnaeus, 1766</small> |
* ''Testudo scorpioides'' <small>Linnaeus, 1766</small> |
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* ''Testudo tricarinata'' <small>Retzius, 1792</small> |
* ''Testudo tricarinata'' <small>Retzius, 1792</small> |
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* ''Testudo retzii'' <small>Daudin, 1801</small> |
* ''Testudo retzii'' <small>Daudin, 1801</small> |
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* ''Emys retzii'' <small>Schweigger, 1812</small> |
* ''Emys retzii'' <small>Schweigger, 1812</small> |
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* ''Emys scorpioidea'' <small>Schweigger, 1812</small> '' |
* ''Emys scorpioidea'' <small>Schweigger, 1812</small> (''[[ex errore]]'') |
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* ''Emys scorpioides'' <small>Oken, 1816</small> |
* ''Emys scorpioides'' <small>Oken, 1816</small> |
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* ''Chersine scorpioides'' <small>Merrem, 1820</small> |
* ''Chersine scorpioides'' <small>Merrem, 1820</small> |
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* ''Cinosternon shavianum'' <small>Wagler, 1830</small> |
* ''Cinosternon shavianum'' <small>Wagler, 1830</small> |
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* ''Clemmys tricarinata'' <small>Wagler, 1830</small> |
* ''Clemmys tricarinata'' <small>Wagler, 1830</small> |
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* ''Emys (Kinosternon) scorpoides'' <small>Gray, 1831</small> '' |
* ''Emys'' (''Kinosternon'') ''scorpoides'' <small>Gray, 1831</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides'' <small>Gray, 1831</small> |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides'' <small>Gray, 1831</small> |
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* ''Monoclida retziana'' <small>Rafinesque, 1832</small> |
* ''Monoclida retziana'' <small>Rafinesque, 1832</small> |
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* ''Uronyx scorpioides'' <small>Rafinesque, 1832</small> |
* ''Uronyx scorpioides'' <small>Rafinesque, 1832</small> |
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* ''Cinosternon scorpioidei'' <small>Wagler, 1833</small> '' |
* ''Cinosternon scorpioidei'' <small>Wagler, 1833</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Cinosternon scorpioideum'' <small>Wagler, 1833</small> '' |
* ''Cinosternon scorpioideum'' <small>Wagler, 1833</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Terrapene scorpioides'' <small>Schinz, 1833</small> |
* ''Terrapene scorpioides'' <small>Schinz, 1833</small> |
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* ''Cinosternon scorpioides'' <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1835</small> |
* ''Cinosternon scorpioides'' <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1835</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon shawianum'' <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1835</small> '' |
* ''Kinosternon shawianum'' <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1835</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Clemmys (Cinosternon) scorpioidea'' <small>Fitzinger, 1835</small> |
* ''Clemmys'' (''Cinosternon'') ''scorpioidea'' <small>Fitzinger, 1835</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpoides'' <small>Gray, 1844</small> |
* ''Kinosternon scorpoides'' <small>Gray, 1844</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon (Swanka) scorpiodes'' <small>Gray, 1844</small> '' |
* ''Kinosternon'' (''Swanka'') ''scorpiodes'' <small>Gray, 1844</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Kinosternum brevicaudatum'' <small>LeConte, 1854</small> |
* ''Kinosternum brevicaudatum'' <small>LeConte, 1854</small> |
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* ''Kinosternum longicaudatum'' <small>LeConte, 1854</small> |
* ''Kinosternum longicaudatum'' <small>LeConte, 1854</small> |
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* ''Cinosternum scorpioides'' <small>Agassiz, 1857</small> |
* ''Cinosternum scorpioides'' <small>Agassiz, 1857</small> |
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* ''Cinosternum shavianum'' <small>Agassiz, 1857</small> |
* ''Cinosternum shavianum'' <small>Agassiz, 1857</small> |
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* ''Thyrosternum longecaudatum'' <small>LeConte, 1859</small> '' |
* ''Thyrosternum longecaudatum'' <small>LeConte, 1859</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Thyrosternum scorpioides'' <small>LeConte, 1859</small> |
* ''Thyrosternum scorpioides'' <small>LeConte, 1859</small> |
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* ''Swanka scorpoides'' <small>Gray, 1869</small> |
* ''Swanka scorpoides'' <small>Gray, 1869</small> |
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* ''Cinosternum shawianum'' <small>Sumichrast, 1882</small> |
* ''Cinosternum shawianum'' <small>Sumichrast, 1882</small> |
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* ''Thyrosternum shavianum'' <small>Garman, 1884</small> |
* ''Thyrosternum shavianum'' <small>Garman, 1884</small> |
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* ''Cinosternum shawanianum'' <small>Velasco, 1892</small> '' |
* ''Cinosternum shawanianum'' <small>Velasco, 1892</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Cinosternum scorpioides scorpioides'' <small>Siebenrock, 1907</small> |
* ''Cinosternum scorpioides scorpioides'' <small>Siebenrock, 1907</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides pachyurum'' <small>Müller & Hellmich, 1936</small> |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides pachyurum'' <small>Müller & Hellmich, 1936</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides seriei'' <small>Freiberg, 1936</small> |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides seriei'' <small>Freiberg, 1936</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon panamensis'' <small>Schmidt, 1946</small> |
* ''Kinosternon panamensis'' <small>Schmidt, 1946</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides panamense'' <small>Mertens & Wermuth, 1955</small> '' |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides panamense'' <small>Mertens & Wermuth, 1955</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides'' <small>Mertens & Wermuth, 1955</small> |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides'' <small>Mertens & Wermuth, 1955</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides pachyrum'' <small>Wermuth & Mertens, 1977</small> '' |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides pachyrum'' <small>Wermuth & Mertens, 1977</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides serei'' <small>Iverson, 1986</small> '' |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides serei'' <small>Iverson, 1986</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides serieli'' <small>Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993</small> '' |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides serieli'' <small>Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides carajanensis'' <small>Rogner, 1996</small> '' |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides carajanensis'' <small>Rogner, 1996</small> (''ex errore'') |
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(''K. s. albogulare)'' |
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; [[Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare]] |
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* ''Kinosternon abaxillare'' <small>Baur, 1925</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare'' <small>Berry, 1979</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon cruentatum abaxillare'' <small>Artner, 2003</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides carajasense'' <small>Joseph-Ouni, 2004</small> ''(ex errore)'' |
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; [[Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare]] |
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* ''Cinosternon albogulare'' <small>Duméril & Bocourt, 1870</small> |
* ''Cinosternon albogulare'' <small>Duméril & Bocourt, 1870</small> |
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* ''Cinosternum albogulare'' <small>Cope, 1875</small> |
* ''Cinosternum albogulare'' <small>Cope, 1875</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon cruentatum albogulare'' <small>Wettstein, 1934</small> |
* ''Kinosternon cruentatum albogulare'' <small>Wettstein, 1934</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare'' <small>Dunn & Saxe, 1950</small> |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare'' <small>Dunn & Saxe, 1950</small> |
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(''K. s. cruentatum'') |
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* ''Cinosternon cruentatum'' <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1851</small> |
* ''Cinosternon cruentatum'' <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1851</small> |
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* ''Kinosternum cruentatum'' <small>LeConte, 1854</small> |
* ''Kinosternum cruentatum'' <small>LeConte, 1854</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon cruentatum cruentatum'' <small>Schmidt, 1941</small> |
* ''Kinosternon cruentatum cruentatum'' <small>Schmidt, 1941</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon cruentatum consors'' <small>Stejneger, 1941</small> |
* ''Kinosternon cruentatum consors'' <small>Stejneger, 1941</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon crenulatum'' <small>Pearse, 1945</small> '' |
* ''Kinosternon crenulatum'' <small>Pearse, 1945</small> (''ex errore'') |
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* ''Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum'' <small>Berry, 1979</small> |
* ''Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum'' <small>Berry, 1979</small> |
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* ''Kinosternon cruentatum consor'' <small>Obst, 1996</small> '' |
* ''Kinosternon cruentatum consor'' <small>Obst, 1996</small> (''ex errore'') {{hidden end}} |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Fritz 2007">{{Cite journal | journal = Vertebrate Zoology | title = Checklist of Chelonians of the World | year = 2007 | author = Fritz Uwe | author2 = Peter Havaš | volume = 57 | issue = 2 | pages = 255–258 | |
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Fritz 2007">{{Cite journal | journal = Vertebrate Zoology | title = Checklist of Chelonians of the World | year = 2007 | author = Fritz Uwe | author2 = Peter Havaš | volume = 57 | issue = 2 | pages = 255–258 | doi = 10.3897/vz.57.e30895 | s2cid = 87809001 | issn = 1864-5755 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''scorpion mud turtle''' or '''Tabasco mud turtle''' ('''''Kinosternon scorpioides''''') is a species of [[mud turtle]] in the family [[Kinosternidae]]. It is found in Mexico, Central and South America. |
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The '''Scorpion mud turtle''' (''Kinosternon scorpioides'') is a species of [[mud turtle]] in the [[Kinosternidae]] family. It is found in [[Mexico]], [[Central America]] and [[South America]]. This turtle relatively is a medium to large ''kinosternid''(mud turtle) with a domed, oval upper shell having a length of 92–270 mm (3.6–10.6 in). The males of this specie regularly exceed the size of 200 mm. The scorpion mud turtle is a highly aquatic, adaptable kinosternid that will live in almost any body of water. This turtle is primarily omnicarnivorous, who is also a glutton, and is feeding on a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates, including carrion. In captivity, poorly fed K. scorpioides can be cannibalistic, biting off the toes and limbs of conspecifics. Females probably lay 1–6 hard-shelled eggs. Like many kinosternids they probably construct a shallow terrestrial nest with little cover.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kinosternon scorpiodes (Linnaeus, 1766) |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=1266 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior |accessdate=November 10, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509172524/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=1266 |archivedate=May 9, 2009}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |
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== Description == |
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The scorpion mud turtle is a medium to large kinosternid (mud turtle) with a domed, oval upper shell 92–270 mm (3.6–10.6 in) long. Males regularly exceed 200 mm. The scorpion mud turtle is a highly aquatic, adaptable kinosternid that will live in almost any body of water. |
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== Diet == |
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It is primarily omnicarnivorous, a glutton, and feeds on a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates (such as [[insect]]s and their larvae, [[spider]]s, [[shrimp]], [[crab]]s, [[snail]]s and [[worm]]s) and vertebrates (such as [[fish]] and [[frog]]s), as well as carrion and bird eggshells.<ref name="UWI">{{cite web|url=https://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Kinosternon_scorpioides%20-%20Scorpion%20Mud%20Turtle.pdf|title=Kinosternon scorpioides (Scorpion Mud Turtle)|website=Sta.uwi.edu|access-date=9 April 2022}}</ref> It also feeds on plant material such as [[algae]], [[fruit]]s, [[flower]]s, [[Nut (fruit)|nut]]s, [[seed]]s and [[aquatic plants]].<ref name="UWI" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.reptilesofecuador.com/kinosternon_scorpioides.html | title=Scorpion Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) }}</ref> In captivity, poorly fed ''K. scorpioides'' can be cannibalistic, biting off the toes and limbs of conspecifics. |
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== Reproduction and habitat == |
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Females probably lay 1 to 6 hard-shelled eggs. Like many kinosternids, they probably construct a shallow terrestrial nest with little cover.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Kinosternon scorpiodes'' (Linnaeus, 1766) |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=1266 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior |accessdate=November 10, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509172524/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=1266 |archivedate=May 9, 2009}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |
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[[File:Kinosternon scorpioides Scorpion Mud Turtle, Tamaulipas.jpg|thumb|left|''K. s. cruentatum'', southern [[Tamaulipas]], Mexico]] |
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== Subspecies == |
== Subspecies == |
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*[[Scorpion mud turtle (subspecies)]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766) |
*[[Scorpion mud turtle (subspecies)]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766) |
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*[[Central Chiapas mud turtle]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare'' (Baur, 1925) |
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*[[White-throated mud turtle]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare'' (Duméril and Bibron, 1870) |
*[[White-throated mud turtle]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare'' (Duméril and Bibron, 1870) |
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*[[Red-cheeked mud turtle]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum'' ([[Auguste Duméril|Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[André Marie Constant Duméril|Duméril]], 1851) |
*[[Red-cheeked mud turtle]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum'' ([[Auguste Duméril|Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[André Marie Constant Duméril|Duméril]], 1851) |
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* Pritchard, P. C. H., and P. Trebbau. 1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. Contributions to Herpetology 2. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca. 403 pp., 47 plates, 16 maps. |
* Pritchard, P. C. H., and P. Trebbau. 1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. Contributions to Herpetology 2. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca. 403 pp., 47 plates, 16 maps. |
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== |
==External links== |
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* [https://archive. |
* [https://archive.today/20130102141606/http://www.empireoftheturtle.com/kinosternon_scorpioides_scorpioi.htm ''Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides''] |
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{{Kinosternidae}} |
{{Kinosternidae}} |
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[[Category:Turtles of North America]] |
[[Category:Turtles of North America]] |
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[[Category:Turtles of South America]] |
[[Category:Turtles of South America]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Turtles of Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Reptiles of |
[[Category:Reptiles of Mexico]] |
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[[Category:Reptiles of Central America]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]] |
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]] |
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[[Category:Reptiles described in 1766]] |
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1766]] |
Latest revision as of 05:17, 24 April 2024
Scorpion mud turtle | |
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In Alajuela Province, Costa Rica | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Testudines |
Suborder: | Cryptodira |
Family: | Kinosternidae |
Genus: | Kinosternon |
Species: | K. scorpioides
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Binomial name | |
Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766)
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Synonyms[1] | |
List (K. s. scorpioides)
(K. s. albogulare)
(K. s. cruentatum)
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The scorpion mud turtle or Tabasco mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) is a species of mud turtle in the family Kinosternidae. It is found in Mexico, Central and South America.
Description[edit]
The scorpion mud turtle is a medium to large kinosternid (mud turtle) with a domed, oval upper shell 92–270 mm (3.6–10.6 in) long. Males regularly exceed 200 mm. The scorpion mud turtle is a highly aquatic, adaptable kinosternid that will live in almost any body of water.
Diet[edit]
It is primarily omnicarnivorous, a glutton, and feeds on a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates (such as insects and their larvae, spiders, shrimp, crabs, snails and worms) and vertebrates (such as fish and frogs), as well as carrion and bird eggshells.[2] It also feeds on plant material such as algae, fruits, flowers, nuts, seeds and aquatic plants.[2][3] In captivity, poorly fed K. scorpioides can be cannibalistic, biting off the toes and limbs of conspecifics.
Reproduction and habitat[edit]
Females probably lay 1 to 6 hard-shelled eggs. Like many kinosternids, they probably construct a shallow terrestrial nest with little cover.[4]
Subspecies[edit]
- Scorpion mud turtle (subspecies) – Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766)
- White-throated mud turtle – Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare (Duméril and Bibron, 1870)
- Red-cheeked mud turtle – Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1851)
References[edit]
- ^ Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World". Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 255–258. doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895. ISSN 1864-5755. S2CID 87809001.
- ^ a b "Kinosternon scorpioides (Scorpion Mud Turtle)" (PDF). Sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ "Scorpion Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides)".
- ^ "Kinosternon scorpiodes (Linnaeus, 1766)". U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Linnaeus, 1766 : Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, Holmiae, p. 1–532.
- Pritchard, P. C. H. 1979. Encyclopedia of Turtles. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune, New Jersey. 895 pp.
- Pritchard, P. C. H., and P. Trebbau. 1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. Contributions to Herpetology 2. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca. 403 pp., 47 plates, 16 maps.