Scorpion mud turtle: Difference between revisions

Scorpion mud turtle
	In Alajuela Province, Costa Rica
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Kinosternidae
Genus:	Kinosternon
Species:	K. scorpioides
Binomial name
	Kinosternon scorpioides; (Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms
	List (K. s. scorpioides) Testudo scorpioides Linnaeus, 1766; Testudo tricarinata Retzius, 1792; Testudo retzii Daudin, 1801; Emys retzii Schweigger, 1812; Emys scorpioidea Schweigger, 1812 (ex errore); Emys scorpioides Oken, 1816; Chersine scorpioides Merrem, 1820; Terrapene tricarinata Merrem, 1820; Kinosternon brevicaudatum Spix, 1824; Kinosternon longicaudatum Spix, 1824; Kinosternon shavianum Bell, 1825; Terrapene retzii Fitzinger, 1826; Terrapene scorpioidea Fitzinger, 1826; Cinosternon brevicaudatum Wagler, 1830; Cinosternon longicaudatum Wagler, 1830; Cinosternon scorpioidea Wagler, 1830; Cinosternon shavianum Wagler, 1830; Clemmys tricarinata Wagler, 1830; Emys (Kinosternon) scorpoides Gray, 1831 (ex errore); Kinosternon scorpioides Gray, 1831; Monoclida retziana Rafinesque, 1832; Uronyx scorpioides Rafinesque, 1832; Cinosternon scorpioidei Wagler, 1833 (ex errore); Cinosternon scorpioideum Wagler, 1833 (ex errore); Terrapene scorpioides Schinz, 1833; Cinosternon scorpioides Duméril & Bibron, 1835; Kinosternon shawianum Duméril & Bibron, 1835 (ex errore); Clemmys (Cinosternon) scorpioidea Fitzinger, 1835; Kinosternon scorpoides Gray, 1844; Kinosternon (Swanka) scorpiodes Gray, 1844 (ex errore); Kinosternum brevicaudatum LeConte, 1854; Kinosternum longicaudatum LeConte, 1854; Kinosternum scorpioides LeConte, 1854; Cinosternum brevicaudatum Agassiz, 1857; Cinosternum longicaudatum Agassiz, 1857; Cinosternum scorpioides Agassiz, 1857; Cinosternum shavianum Agassiz, 1857; Thyrosternum longecaudatum LeConte, 1859 (ex errore); Thyrosternum scorpioides LeConte, 1859; Swanka scorpoides Gray, 1869; Swanka longicaudata Gray, 1870; Swanka scorpioides Gray, 1872; Cinosternon shawianum Bocourt, 1876; Ciniosternon shawianum Sumichrast, 1880; Cinosternum shawianum Sumichrast, 1882; Thyrosternum shavianum Garman, 1884; Cinosternum shawanianum Velasco, 1892 (ex errore); Cinosternum scorpioides scorpioides Siebenrock, 1907; Kinosternon scorpioides pachyurum Müller & Hellmich, 1936; Kinosternon scorpioides seriei Freiberg, 1936; Kinosternon panamensis Schmidt, 1946; Kinosternon scorpioides panamense Mertens & Wermuth, 1955 (ex errore); Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides Mertens & Wermuth, 1955; Kinosternon scorpioides pachyrum Wermuth & Mertens, 1977 (ex errore); Kinosternon scorpioides serei Iverson, 1986 (ex errore); Kinosternon scorpioides serieli Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993 (ex errore); Kinosternon scorpioides carajanensis Rogner, 1996 (ex errore); (K. s. albogulare) Cinosternon albogulare Duméril & Bocourt, 1870; Cinosternum albogulare Cope, 1875; Kinosternon cruentatum albogulare Wettstein, 1934; Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare Dunn & Saxe, 1950; (K. s. cruentatum) Cinosternon cruentatum Duméril & Bibron, 1851; Kinosternum cruentatum LeConte, 1854; Kinosternum mexicanum LeConte, 1854; Kinosternon cruentatum Gray, 1856; Cinosternum cruentatum Agassiz, 1857; Cinosternum mexicanum Agassiz, 1857; Kinosternum triliratum LeConte, 1860; Cinosternon mexicanum Strauch, 1862; Cinosternon triliratum Strauch, 1862; Kinosternon mexicanum Müller, 1865; Swanka cruentata Gray, 1870; Swanka mexicana Gray, 1870; Swanka trilirata Gray, 1870; Thyrosternum cruentatum Garman, 1884; Cinosternum triliratum Günther, 1885; Kinosternon cruentatum cruentatum Schmidt, 1941; Kinosternon cruentatum consors Stejneger, 1941; Kinosternon crenulatum Pearse, 1945 (ex errore); Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum Berry, 1979; Kinosternon cruentatum consor Obst, 1996 (ex errore) ;

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The scorpion mud turtle or Tabasco mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) is a species of mud turtle in the family Kinosternidae. It is found in Mexico, Central and South America.

Description[edit]

The scorpion mud turtle is a medium to large kinosternid (mud turtle) with a domed, oval upper shell 92–270 mm (3.6–10.6 in) long. Males regularly exceed 200 mm. The scorpion mud turtle is a highly aquatic, adaptable kinosternid that will live in almost any body of water.

Diet[edit]

It is primarily omnicarnivorous, a glutton, and feeds on a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates (such as insects and their larvae, spiders, shrimp, crabs, snails and worms) and vertebrates (such as fish and frogs), as well as carrion and bird eggshells.^[2] It also feeds on plant material such as algae, fruits, flowers, nuts, seeds and aquatic plants.^[2]^[3] In captivity, poorly fed K. scorpioides can be cannibalistic, biting off the toes and limbs of conspecifics.

Reproduction and habitat[edit]

Females probably lay 1 to 6 hard-shelled eggs. Like many kinosternids, they probably construct a shallow terrestrial nest with little cover.^[4]

Subspecies[edit]

Scorpion mud turtle (subspecies) – Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766)
White-throated mud turtle – Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare (Duméril and Bibron, 1870)
Red-cheeked mud turtle – Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1851)

References[edit]

^ Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World". Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 255–258. doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895. ISSN 1864-5755. S2CID 87809001.
^ ^a ^b "Kinosternon scorpioides (Scorpion Mud Turtle)" (PDF). Sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
^ "Scorpion Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides)".
^ "Kinosternon scorpiodes (Linnaeus, 1766)". U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Linnaeus, 1766 : Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, Holmiae, p. 1–532.
Pritchard, P. C. H. 1979. Encyclopedia of Turtles. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune, New Jersey. 895 pp.
Pritchard, P. C. H., and P. Trebbau. 1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. Contributions to Herpetology 2. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca. 403 pp., 47 plates, 16 maps.

External links[edit]

Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides

[Fritz_2007-1] Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World". Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 255–258. doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895. ISSN 1864-5755. S2CID 87809001.

[UWI-2] "Kinosternon scorpioides (Scorpion Mud Turtle)" (PDF). Sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved 9 April 2022.

[3] "Scorpion Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides)".

[4] "Kinosternon scorpiodes (Linnaeus, 1766)". U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of turtle}}
 {{Speciesbox
 | name = Scorpion mud turtle
 | image = Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) (36602010632).jpg
-| image_caption = ''Kinosternon scorpioides''
+| image_caption = In Alajuela Province, Costa Rica
 | status = LR/lc
 | status_system = IUCN2.3
+| status_ref =
 | genus = Kinosternon
 | species = scorpioides
-| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus]], 1766)
+| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)
-| synonyms =
+| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}
-; [[Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides]]
+(''K. s. scorpioides'')
 * ''Testudo scorpioides'' <small>Linnaeus, 1766</small>
 * ''Testudo tricarinata'' <small>Retzius, 1792</small>
 * ''Testudo retzii'' <small>Daudin, 1801</small>
 * ''Emys retzii'' <small>Schweigger, 1812</small>
-* ''Emys scorpioidea'' <small>Schweigger, 1812</small> ''([[ex errore]])''
+* ''Emys scorpioidea'' <small>Schweigger, 1812</small> (''[[ex errore]]'')
 * ''Emys scorpioides'' <small>Oken, 1816</small>
 * ''Chersine scorpioides'' <small>Merrem, 1820</small>
@@ Line 28: / Line 30: @@
 * ''Cinosternon shavianum'' <small>Wagler, 1830</small>
 * ''Clemmys tricarinata'' <small>Wagler, 1830</small>
-* ''Emys (Kinosternon) scorpoides'' <small>Gray, 1831</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Emys'' (''Kinosternon'') ''scorpoides'' <small>Gray, 1831</small> (''ex errore'')
 * ''Kinosternon scorpioides'' <small>Gray, 1831</small>
 * ''Monoclida retziana'' <small>Rafinesque, 1832</small>
 * ''Uronyx scorpioides'' <small>Rafinesque, 1832</small>
-* ''Cinosternon scorpioidei'' <small>Wagler, 1833</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Cinosternon scorpioidei'' <small>Wagler, 1833</small> (''ex errore'')
-* ''Cinosternon scorpioideum'' <small>Wagler, 1833</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Cinosternon scorpioideum'' <small>Wagler, 1833</small> (''ex errore'')
 * ''Terrapene scorpioides'' <small>Schinz, 1833</small>
 * ''Cinosternon scorpioides'' <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1835</small>
-* ''Kinosternon shawianum'' <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1835</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Kinosternon shawianum'' <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1835</small> (''ex errore'')
-* ''Clemmys (Cinosternon) scorpioidea'' <small>Fitzinger, 1835</small>
+* ''Clemmys'' (''Cinosternon'') ''scorpioidea'' <small>Fitzinger, 1835</small>
 * ''Kinosternon scorpoides'' <small>Gray, 1844</small>
-* ''Kinosternon (Swanka) scorpiodes'' <small>Gray, 1844</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Kinosternon'' (''Swanka'') ''scorpiodes'' <small>Gray, 1844</small> (''ex errore'')
 * ''Kinosternum brevicaudatum'' <small>LeConte, 1854</small>
 * ''Kinosternum longicaudatum'' <small>LeConte, 1854</small>
@@ Line 47: / Line 49: @@
 * ''Cinosternum scorpioides'' <small>Agassiz, 1857</small>
 * ''Cinosternum shavianum'' <small>Agassiz, 1857</small>
-* ''Thyrosternum longecaudatum'' <small>LeConte, 1859</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Thyrosternum longecaudatum'' <small>LeConte, 1859</small> (''ex errore'')
 * ''Thyrosternum scorpioides'' <small>LeConte, 1859</small>
 * ''Swanka scorpoides'' <small>Gray, 1869</small>
@@ Line 56: / Line 58: @@
 * ''Cinosternum shawianum'' <small>Sumichrast, 1882</small>
 * ''Thyrosternum shavianum'' <small>Garman, 1884</small>
-* ''Cinosternum shawanianum'' <small>Velasco, 1892</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Cinosternum shawanianum'' <small>Velasco, 1892</small> (''ex errore'')
 * ''Cinosternum scorpioides scorpioides'' <small>Siebenrock, 1907</small>
 * ''Kinosternon scorpioides pachyurum'' <small>Müller & Hellmich, 1936</small>
 * ''Kinosternon scorpioides seriei'' <small>Freiberg, 1936</small>
 * ''Kinosternon panamensis'' <small>Schmidt, 1946</small>
-* ''Kinosternon scorpioides panamense'' <small>Mertens & Wermuth, 1955</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Kinosternon scorpioides panamense'' <small>Mertens & Wermuth, 1955</small> (''ex errore'')
 * ''Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides'' <small>Mertens & Wermuth, 1955</small>
-* ''Kinosternon scorpioides pachyrum'' <small>Wermuth & Mertens, 1977</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Kinosternon scorpioides pachyrum'' <small>Wermuth & Mertens, 1977</small> (''ex errore'')
-* ''Kinosternon scorpioides serei'' <small>Iverson, 1986</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Kinosternon scorpioides serei'' <small>Iverson, 1986</small> (''ex errore'')
-* ''Kinosternon scorpioides serieli'' <small>Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Kinosternon scorpioides serieli'' <small>Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993</small> (''ex errore'')
-* ''Kinosternon scorpioides carajanensis'' <small>Rogner, 1996</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Kinosternon scorpioides carajanensis'' <small>Rogner, 1996</small> (''ex errore'')
+(''K. s. albogulare)''
-; [[Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare]]
-* ''Kinosternon abaxillare'' <small>Baur, 1925</small>
-* ''Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare'' <small>Berry, 1979</small>
-* ''Kinosternon cruentatum abaxillare'' <small>Artner, 2003</small>
-* ''Kinosternon scorpioides carajasense'' <small>Joseph-Ouni, 2004</small> ''(ex errore)''
-; [[Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare]]
 * ''Cinosternon albogulare'' <small>Duméril & Bocourt, 1870</small>
 * ''Cinosternum albogulare'' <small>Cope, 1875</small>
 * ''Kinosternon cruentatum albogulare'' <small>Wettstein, 1934</small>
 * ''Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare'' <small>Dunn & Saxe, 1950</small>
-; [[Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum]]
+(''K. s. cruentatum'')
 * ''Cinosternon cruentatum'' <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1851</small>
 * ''Kinosternum cruentatum'' <small>LeConte, 1854</small>
@@ Line 96: / Line 92: @@
 * ''Kinosternon cruentatum cruentatum'' <small>Schmidt, 1941</small>
 * ''Kinosternon cruentatum consors'' <small>Stejneger, 1941</small>
-* ''Kinosternon crenulatum'' <small>Pearse, 1945</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Kinosternon crenulatum'' <small>Pearse, 1945</small> (''ex errore'')
 * ''Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum'' <small>Berry, 1979</small>
-* ''Kinosternon cruentatum consor'' <small>Obst, 1996</small> ''(ex errore)''
+* ''Kinosternon cruentatum consor'' <small>Obst, 1996</small> (''ex errore'') {{hidden end}}
-| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Fritz 2007">{{Cite journal | journal = Vertebrate Zoology | title = Checklist of Chelonians of the World | year = 2007 | author = Fritz Uwe | author2 = Peter Havaš | volume = 57 | issue = 2 | pages = 255–258 | issn = 1864-5755 | url = http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/851.pdf | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5v20ztMND?url=http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/851.pdf | archivedate = 2010-12-17 | accessdate = 29 May 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
+| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Fritz 2007">{{Cite journal | journal = Vertebrate Zoology | title = Checklist of Chelonians of the World | year = 2007 | author = Fritz Uwe | author2 = Peter Havaš | volume = 57 | issue = 2 | pages = 255–258 | doi = 10.3897/vz.57.e30895 | s2cid = 87809001 | issn = 1864-5755 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
 }}
+The '''scorpion mud turtle''' or '''Tabasco mud turtle''' ('''''Kinosternon scorpioides''''') is a species of [[mud turtle]] in the family [[Kinosternidae]]. It is found in Mexico, Central and South America.
-The '''Scorpion mud turtle''' (''Kinosternon scorpioides'') is a species of [[mud turtle]] in the [[Kinosternidae]] family. It is found in [[Mexico]], [[Central America]] and [[South America]]. It is a medium to large ''kinosternid'' (mud turtle) with a domed, oval upper shell 92–270 mm (3.6–10.6 in) long. Males regularly exceed 200 mm. The scorpion mud turtle is a highly aquatic, adaptable kinosternid that will live in almost any body of water. It is primarily omnicarnivorous, a glutton, and feeds on a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates, including carrion.  In captivity, poorly fed ''K. scorpioides'' can be cannibalistic, biting off the toes and limbs of conspecifics.  Females probably lay 1–6 hard-shelled eggs.  Like many kinosternids, they probably construct a shallow terrestrial nest with little cover.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kinosternon scorpiodes   (Linnaeus, 1766) |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=1266 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior |accessdate=November 10, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509172524/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=1266 |archivedate=May 9, 2009}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
-[[File:Kinosternon scorpioides Scorpion Mud Turtle, Tamaulipas.jpg|thumb|left|Scorpion Mud Turtle (''Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum''), southern Tamaulipas, Mexico (23 September 2004).]]
+== Description ==
+The scorpion mud turtle is a medium to large kinosternid (mud turtle) with a domed, oval upper shell 92–270&nbsp;mm (3.6–10.6&nbsp;in) long. Males regularly exceed 200&nbsp;mm. The scorpion mud turtle is a highly aquatic, adaptable kinosternid that will live in almost any body of water.
+== Diet ==
+It is primarily omnicarnivorous, a glutton, and feeds on a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates (such as [[insect]]s and their larvae, [[spider]]s, [[shrimp]], [[crab]]s, [[snail]]s and [[worm]]s) and vertebrates (such as [[fish]] and [[frog]]s), as well as carrion and bird eggshells.<ref name="UWI">{{cite web|url=https://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Kinosternon_scorpioides%20-%20Scorpion%20Mud%20Turtle.pdf|title=Kinosternon scorpioides (Scorpion Mud Turtle)|website=Sta.uwi.edu|access-date=9 April 2022}}</ref> It also feeds on plant material such as [[algae]], [[fruit]]s, [[flower]]s, [[Nut (fruit)|nut]]s, [[seed]]s and [[aquatic plants]].<ref name="UWI" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.reptilesofecuador.com/kinosternon_scorpioides.html | title=Scorpion Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) }}</ref> In captivity, poorly fed ''K. scorpioides'' can be cannibalistic, biting off the toes and limbs of conspecifics.
+== Reproduction and habitat ==
+Females probably lay 1 to 6 hard-shelled eggs. Like many kinosternids, they probably construct a shallow terrestrial nest with little cover.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Kinosternon scorpiodes'' (Linnaeus, 1766) |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=1266 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior |accessdate=November 10, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509172524/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=1266 |archivedate=May 9, 2009}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
+[[File:Kinosternon scorpioides Scorpion Mud Turtle, Tamaulipas.jpg|thumb|left|''K. s. cruentatum'', southern [[Tamaulipas]], Mexico]]
 == Subspecies ==
 *[[Scorpion mud turtle (subspecies)]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)
-*[[Central Chiapas mud turtle]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare'' (Baur, 1925)
 *[[White-throated mud turtle]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare'' (Duméril and Bibron, 1870)
 *[[Red-cheeked mud turtle]] – ''Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum'' ([[Auguste Duméril|Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[André Marie Constant Duméril|Duméril]], 1851)
@@ Line 116: / Line 121: @@
 * Pritchard, P. C. H., and P. Trebbau. 1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. Contributions to Herpetology 2. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca. 403 pp., 47 plates, 16 maps.
-== External links ==
+==External links==
-* [https://archive.is/20130102141606/http://www.empireoftheturtle.com/kinosternon_scorpioides_scorpioi.htm Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides]
+* [https://archive.today/20130102141606/http://www.empireoftheturtle.com/kinosternon_scorpioides_scorpioi.htm ''Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides'']
 {{Kinosternidae}}
@@ Line 125: / Line 130: @@
 [[Category:Turtles of North America]]
 [[Category:Turtles of South America]]
-[[Category:Reptiles of Mexico|Turtle, Scorpion]]
+[[Category:Turtles of Brazil]]
-[[Category:Reptiles of Central America|Turtle, Scorpion]]
+[[Category:Reptiles of Mexico]]
+[[Category:Reptiles of Central America]]
 [[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
 [[Category:Reptiles described in 1766]]

Scorpion mud turtle

In Alajuela Province, Costa Rica
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Kinosternidae
Genus:	Kinosternon
Species:	K. scorpioides
Binomial name
*Kinosternon scorpioides* (Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms^[1]
List (K. s. scorpioides) Testudo scorpioides Linnaeus, 1766 Testudo tricarinata Retzius, 1792 Testudo retzii Daudin, 1801 Emys retzii Schweigger, 1812 Emys scorpioidea Schweigger, 1812 (ex errore) Emys scorpioides Oken, 1816 Chersine scorpioides Merrem, 1820 Terrapene tricarinata Merrem, 1820 Kinosternon brevicaudatum Spix, 1824 Kinosternon longicaudatum Spix, 1824 Kinosternon shavianum Bell, 1825 Terrapene retzii Fitzinger, 1826 Terrapene scorpioidea Fitzinger, 1826 Cinosternon brevicaudatum Wagler, 1830 Cinosternon longicaudatum Wagler, 1830 Cinosternon scorpioidea Wagler, 1830 Cinosternon shavianum Wagler, 1830 Clemmys tricarinata Wagler, 1830 Emys (Kinosternon) scorpoides Gray, 1831 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides Gray, 1831 Monoclida retziana Rafinesque, 1832 Uronyx scorpioides Rafinesque, 1832 Cinosternon scorpioidei Wagler, 1833 (ex errore) Cinosternon scorpioideum Wagler, 1833 (ex errore) Terrapene scorpioides Schinz, 1833 Cinosternon scorpioides Duméril & Bibron, 1835 Kinosternon shawianum Duméril & Bibron, 1835 (ex errore) Clemmys (Cinosternon) scorpioidea Fitzinger, 1835 Kinosternon scorpoides Gray, 1844 Kinosternon (Swanka) scorpiodes Gray, 1844 (ex errore) Kinosternum brevicaudatum LeConte, 1854 Kinosternum longicaudatum LeConte, 1854 Kinosternum scorpioides LeConte, 1854 Cinosternum brevicaudatum Agassiz, 1857 Cinosternum longicaudatum Agassiz, 1857 Cinosternum scorpioides Agassiz, 1857 Cinosternum shavianum Agassiz, 1857 Thyrosternum longecaudatum LeConte, 1859 (ex errore) Thyrosternum scorpioides LeConte, 1859 Swanka scorpoides Gray, 1869 Swanka longicaudata Gray, 1870 Swanka scorpioides Gray, 1872 Cinosternon shawianum Bocourt, 1876 Ciniosternon shawianum Sumichrast, 1880 Cinosternum shawianum Sumichrast, 1882 Thyrosternum shavianum Garman, 1884 Cinosternum shawanianum Velasco, 1892 (ex errore) Cinosternum scorpioides scorpioides Siebenrock, 1907 Kinosternon scorpioides pachyurum Müller & Hellmich, 1936 Kinosternon scorpioides seriei Freiberg, 1936 Kinosternon panamensis Schmidt, 1946 Kinosternon scorpioides panamense Mertens & Wermuth, 1955 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides Mertens & Wermuth, 1955 Kinosternon scorpioides pachyrum Wermuth & Mertens, 1977 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides serei Iverson, 1986 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides serieli Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides carajanensis Rogner, 1996 (ex errore) (K. s. albogulare) Cinosternon albogulare Duméril & Bocourt, 1870 Cinosternum albogulare Cope, 1875 Kinosternon cruentatum albogulare Wettstein, 1934 Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare Dunn & Saxe, 1950 (K. s. cruentatum) Cinosternon cruentatum Duméril & Bibron, 1851 Kinosternum cruentatum LeConte, 1854 Kinosternum mexicanum LeConte, 1854 Kinosternon cruentatum Gray, 1856 Cinosternum cruentatum Agassiz, 1857 Cinosternum mexicanum Agassiz, 1857 Kinosternum triliratum LeConte, 1860 Cinosternon mexicanum Strauch, 1862 Cinosternon triliratum Strauch, 1862 Kinosternon mexicanum Müller, 1865 Swanka cruentata Gray, 1870 Swanka mexicana Gray, 1870 Swanka trilirata Gray, 1870 Thyrosternum cruentatum Garman, 1884 Cinosternum triliratum Günther, 1885 Kinosternon cruentatum cruentatum Schmidt, 1941 Kinosternon cruentatum consors Stejneger, 1941 Kinosternon crenulatum Pearse, 1945 (ex errore) Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum Berry, 1979 Kinosternon cruentatum consor Obst, 1996 (ex errore)