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{{short description|American botanist and bryologist}}
'''William Campbell Steere''' (1907-1989) was an American [[botany|botanist]] known as an expert on [[bryophyte]]s ([[moss]]es, [[liverwort]]s, and [[hornwort]]s), especially arctic and tropical American species.<ref name=TL2>{{cite book|last1=Stafleu|first= Frans Antonie|last2= Cowan|first2= Richard S.|title=Taxonomic Literature: A Selective Guide to Botanical Publications and Collections with Dates, Commentaries and Types|volume=5|year=1985|pages=863-864|url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33334002#page/876/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=In Memoriam: William C. Steere, 1907-1989|first=Guy R.|last= Brassard|journal=Arctic and Alpine Research|volume= 21|number= 4|year=1989|page=435|jstor=1551654}}</ref> He taught botany at the University of Michigan for 21 years, becoming chairman of the botany department. He then spent 8 years at [[Stanford University]] as professor and dean of the Graduate Division, before joining the [[New York Botanical Garden]] as director and then president.<ref name="Crum 1977">{{cite journal|last1=Crum|first1=Howard|title=William Campbell Steere: an account of his life and work|journal=The Bryologist|date=1977|volume=80|issue=4|pages=662-694|doi=10.2307/3242430}}</ref><ref name="Buck 1986">{{cite book|last1=Buck|first1=William|title=Evolutionary Biology|editor=Hecht, Max|year=1986|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4615-6985-5|pages=1-24|volume=20|chapter=William Campbell Steere: An Outline of His Life and Continuing Career}}</ref> He is commemorated in the names of the plant genera ''[[Steereocolea]]'', ''[[Steerea]]'', ''[[Steereobryon]]'', and ''[[Steerella]]''. In addition, [[Mount Steere]] in Antarctica is named for him.<ref name=TL2/>
{{other people|William Steere}}
{{Infobox scientist
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1907|11|04}}
| birth_place = [[Muskegon, Michigan]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1989|02|07|1907|11|04}}
| death_place = [[Bronxville, New York]]
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| nationality = American
| fields = Botany
| workplaces = [[Temple University]]<br/>[[University of Michigan]]<br/>[[Stanford University]]<br/>[[New York Botanical Garden]]
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| author_abbrev_bot = Steere
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'''William Campbell Steere''' (1907&ndash;1989) was an American [[botany|botanist]] known as an expert on [[bryophyte]]s, especially arctic and tropical American species.<ref name=TL2>{{cite book|last1=Stafleu|first=Frans Antonie|last2=Cowan|first2=Richard S.|title=Taxonomic Literature: A Selective Guide to Botanical Publications and Collections with Dates, Commentaries and Types|volume=5|year=1985|pages=[https://archive.org/details/taxonomicliterat21979staf/page/863 863–864]|url=https://archive.org/details/taxonomicliterat21979staf/page/863|isbn=9789031302246|publisher=Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=In Memoriam: William C. Steere, 1907-1989|first=Guy R.|last= Brassard|journal=Arctic and Alpine Research|volume= 21|pages=435|number= 4|year=1989|jstor=1551654}}</ref> {{botanist|Steere|inline=yes}}

==Early life==
Steere was born November 4, 1907, in [[Muskegon, Michigan]] to a family of [[Ireland|Irish]] [[Quakers]]. His paternal grandfather was [[Joseph Beal Steere]]. Steere attended the [[University of Michigan]], and earned his [[B.S.]] in botany with "high distinction". He briefly attended the [[University of Pennsylvania]] where he studied cytology under [[William Randolph Taylor]], while also working as an instructor at [[Temple University]]. Steere was persuaded by [[Harley H. Bartlett]] to return to the [[University of Michigan]] as an instructor. He earned his M.A. in 1931 and his Ph.D. from the university in 1932.<ref name=rgb>{{cite web|url=https://www.nybg.org/library/finding_guide/archv/steere_rg4b.html|title=William Campbell Steere Records (RG4)}}</ref>

==Career==
Steere continued to teach botany at the University of Michigan. His research was focused on [[bryology]], and he taught courses in bryology and systematic biology with a focus on Michigan's Upper Peninsula. In 1932, he led a biological survey of the [[Yucatan]]. In 1935, he spent a year at the [[University of Puerto Rico]] as an exchange professor. Between 1942 and 1946, Steere led expeditions in [[Latin America]] searching for [[Cinchona]] and sources of [[quinine]], dubbed the [[Cinchona Mission]]. He became a full professor at the University of Michigan in 1946 and Chair of the Botany Department in 1947. In 1948 and 1949, Steere studied effects of naturally occurring radioactivity on plant life at [[Great Bear Lake]] and in [[Alaska]].<ref name=rgb/> He was the first bryologist to visit the northern slopes of the American Arctic Mountains.<ref name=nybg>{{cite web|url=https://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/Bryology_Steere.asp.html|title=William C. Steere, Bryologist}}</ref>

Steere, starting in 1950, spent eight years at [[Stanford University]] as professor and dean of the Graduate Division. Between 1954 and 1955, Steere took a sabbatical from Stanford and accepted a one-year position with the [[National Science Foundation]] as Program Director in Systematic Biology. He became involved with [[Biological Abstracts]] and [[BIOSIS]].<ref name=rgb/> In 1958, Steere joined the [[New York Botanical Garden]] as director.<ref name="Crum 1977">{{cite journal|last1=Crum|first1=Howard|title=William Campbell Steere: an account of his life and work|journal=The Bryologist|date=1977|volume=80|issue=4|pages=662–694|doi=10.2307/3242430|jstor=3242430}}</ref><ref name="Buck 1986">{{cite book|last1=Buck|first1=William|title=Evolutionary Biology|editor=Hecht, Max|year=1986|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4615-6985-5|pages=1–24|volume=20|chapter=William Campbell Steere: An Outline of His Life and Continuing Career}}</ref> Steere assumed the title of Senior Scientist in 1973, before formally retiring from the Garden in 1977. As President Emeritus, however, Steere continued his bryological research at the Garden until his death on February 7, 1989.<ref name=rgb/>

==Legacy==
Steere is commemorated in the names of the plant genera, mainly [[liverwort]]s; ''[[Steereocolea]]'' {{Au|R.M.Schust. 1968}} ([[Balantiopsidaceae|Balantiopsaceae]] family), ''[[Steerea]]'' {{Au|S.Hatt. & Kamim. 1971}} ([[Jubulaceae]] family), ''[[Steereobryon]]'' {{Au|G.L.Sm. 1971}} ([[Polytrichaceae]] family),''[[Steerella]]'' {{Au|Kuwah. 1973}} ([[Metzgeriaceae]]), ''Steereochila'' {{Au|Inoue 1987}} ([[Plagiochilaceae]], listed as doubtful genera,<ref>{{cite web |title=''Steereochila'' Inoue |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/4901428 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=4 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>) and ''Steereomitrium'' {{Au|E.O.Campb. 1987}} ([[Haplomitriaceae]], listed as doubtful genera,<ref>{{cite web |title=''Steereomitrium'' E.O.Campbell, 1987 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/4901424 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=4 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>).<ref>{{cite book | last=Burkhardt | first=Lotte | title=Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen |trans-title=Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names | publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin | year=2022 | isbn=978-3-946292-41-8 | url=https://doi.org/10.3372/epolist2022|format=pdf |language=German |location=Berlin | doi=10.3372/epolist2022 | s2cid=246307410 |access-date=January 27, 2022}}</ref>

He is the namesake of many species.<ref name=jstor>William Campbell Steere (1907-1989). (1989). The Bryologist, 92(3), 414-419. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3243414</ref>
The New York Botanical Garden bryophyte herbarium was named the William C. Steere Bryophyte Herbarium in 2000, and it contains over 600,000 specimens.<ref name=nybg/> The Garden has also established the William Campbell Steere Fund to help bryologists who wish to visit their herbarium and library.<ref name=jstor/>

[[Mount Steere]] in Antarctica is named for him.<ref name="TL2" />

Steere's son, [[William C. Steere Jr.]], was CEO of [[Pfizer]] from 1991 to 2001, and chairman of the board emeritus from 2001 to 2011. He also served as vice chairman of the New York Botanical Garden's Board.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nybg.org/plant-research-and-conservation/tour/william-lynda-steere/|title=William and Lynda Steere}}</ref>

==Awards==
In 1970, Steere was the last recipient of the [[Mary Soper Pope Memorial Award]] in botany.<ref name="cranbrook">[http://www.cranbrook.edu/sites/default/files/ftpimages/120/misc/misc_35342.pdf "Cranbrook Institute of Science Director's Papers"]. Cranbrook website. Retrieved Dec. 27, 2016.</ref> In 1972, he was awarded the [[Order of the Sacred Treasure]] from [[Emperor Hirohito]] for his work on the US-Japan Cooperative Science Program.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/history/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000008099|title=Edit History: Steere, William Campbell (1907-1989)}}</ref> In 1987, the [[International Association of Bryologists]] awarded him with the Hedwig Medal.<ref name=jstor/>

==Selected publications==
*Steere, William C. 1935. ''The Mosses of Yucatán''. Reprinted Lancaster Press, 14 pp.
*Steere, William C. 1946. ''Cenozoic and Mesozoic Bryophytes of North America''. Ed. The University Press, 30 pp.
*Steere, William C. 1947. ''The Bryophyte Flora of Michigan'', 24 pp.
*Steere, William C.; [[Lewis Edward Anderson|Anderson, Lewis E.]]; [[Virginia Schmitt Bryan|Bryan, Virginia S.]] 1954. ''Chromosome Studies on California Mosses''. Vv. 20 & 24 from Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club, 74 pp.
*Steere, William C. 1958. ''Fifty Years of Botany'', ed. W.C. Steere & McGraw-Hill, 638 pp.
*Steere, William C. 1961. ''The Bryophytes of South Georgia''. Reprinted, 25 pp.
*Steere, William C. 1964. ''Liverworts of Southern Michigan''. Bull. 17: Cranbrook Institute of Sci. 97 pp.
*Steere, William C. 1976. ''Ecology, Phytogeography and Floristics of Arctic Alaskan Bryophytes''. Reprinted Hattori Bot. Lab. 26 pp.
*Steere, William C. 1978. ''North American Muscology and Muscologists: A Brief History''. The Botanical Review 43 (3): 1-59
*Steere, William C; [[Guy Raymond Brassard|Brassard, Guy R.]] 1978. ''Bryophytorum bibliotheca, Studies in austral temperate rain forest bryophytes''. Bryophytorum bibliotheca 14, ed. ilustr. by J. Cramer, 508 pp.


==References==
==References==
Line 5: Line 91:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Internet Archive author|sname=William Campbell Steere}}
*{{Internet Archive author|sname=William Campbell Steere}}
*{{Plantlist|Steere}}



{{Presidents of the Botanical Society of America|state=collapsed}}
{{Presidents of the Botanical Society of America|state=collapsed}}
{{Presidents of the American Bryological and Lichenological Society|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Steere, William Campbell}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Steere, William Campbell}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:American botanists]]
[[Category:20th-century American botanists]]
[[Category:University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni]]

[[Category:University of Michigan faculty]]
{{US-botanist-stub}}
[[Category:Stanford University faculty]]
[[Category:Bryologists]]
[[Category:Botanists active in the Arctic]]

Latest revision as of 05:02, 10 May 2024

For other people named William Steere, see William Steere (disambiguation).
William Campbell Steere
W. C. Steere
Born(1907-11-04)November 4, 1907
Muskegon, Michigan
DiedFebruary 7, 1989(1989-02-07) (aged 81)
Bronxville, New York
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Michigan
Children3, including William C. Steere Jr.
AwardsMary Soper Pope Memorial Award
Scientific career
FieldsBotany
InstitutionsTemple University
University of Michigan
Stanford University
New York Botanical Garden
Author abbrev. (botany)Steere

William Campbell Steere (1907–1989) was an American botanist known as an expert on bryophytes, especially arctic and tropical American species.[1][2] The standard author abbreviation Steere is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[3]

Early life[edit]

Steere was born November 4, 1907, in Muskegon, Michigan to a family of Irish Quakers. His paternal grandfather was Joseph Beal Steere. Steere attended the University of Michigan, and earned his B.S. in botany with "high distinction". He briefly attended the University of Pennsylvania where he studied cytology under William Randolph Taylor, while also working as an instructor at Temple University. Steere was persuaded by Harley H. Bartlett to return to the University of Michigan as an instructor. He earned his M.A. in 1931 and his Ph.D. from the university in 1932.[4]

Career[edit]

Steere continued to teach botany at the University of Michigan. His research was focused on bryology, and he taught courses in bryology and systematic biology with a focus on Michigan's Upper Peninsula. In 1932, he led a biological survey of the Yucatan. In 1935, he spent a year at the University of Puerto Rico as an exchange professor. Between 1942 and 1946, Steere led expeditions in Latin America searching for Cinchona and sources of quinine, dubbed the Cinchona Mission. He became a full professor at the University of Michigan in 1946 and Chair of the Botany Department in 1947. In 1948 and 1949, Steere studied effects of naturally occurring radioactivity on plant life at Great Bear Lake and in Alaska.[4] He was the first bryologist to visit the northern slopes of the American Arctic Mountains.[5]

Steere, starting in 1950, spent eight years at Stanford University as professor and dean of the Graduate Division. Between 1954 and 1955, Steere took a sabbatical from Stanford and accepted a one-year position with the National Science Foundation as Program Director in Systematic Biology. He became involved with Biological Abstracts and BIOSIS.[4] In 1958, Steere joined the New York Botanical Garden as director.[6][7] Steere assumed the title of Senior Scientist in 1973, before formally retiring from the Garden in 1977. As President Emeritus, however, Steere continued his bryological research at the Garden until his death on February 7, 1989.[4]

Legacy[edit]

Steere is commemorated in the names of the plant genera, mainly liverworts; Steereocolea R.M.Schust. 1968 (Balantiopsaceae family), Steerea S.Hatt. & Kamim. 1971 (Jubulaceae family), Steereobryon G.L.Sm. 1971 (Polytrichaceae family),Steerella Kuwah. 1973 (Metzgeriaceae), Steereochila Inoue 1987 (Plagiochilaceae, listed as doubtful genera,[8]) and Steereomitrium E.O.Campb. 1987 (Haplomitriaceae, listed as doubtful genera,[9]).[10]

He is the namesake of many species.[11]

The New York Botanical Garden bryophyte herbarium was named the William C. Steere Bryophyte Herbarium in 2000, and it contains over 600,000 specimens.[5] The Garden has also established the William Campbell Steere Fund to help bryologists who wish to visit their herbarium and library.[11]

Mount Steere in Antarctica is named for him.[1]

Steere's son, William C. Steere Jr., was CEO of Pfizer from 1991 to 2001, and chairman of the board emeritus from 2001 to 2011. He also served as vice chairman of the New York Botanical Garden's Board.[12]

Awards[edit]

In 1970, Steere was the last recipient of the Mary Soper Pope Memorial Award in botany.[13] In 1972, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure from Emperor Hirohito for his work on the US-Japan Cooperative Science Program.[14] In 1987, the International Association of Bryologists awarded him with the Hedwig Medal.[11]

Selected publications[edit]

  • Steere, William C. 1935. The Mosses of Yucatán. Reprinted Lancaster Press, 14 pp.
  • Steere, William C. 1946. Cenozoic and Mesozoic Bryophytes of North America. Ed. The University Press, 30 pp.
  • Steere, William C. 1947. The Bryophyte Flora of Michigan, 24 pp.
  • Steere, William C.; Anderson, Lewis E.; Bryan, Virginia S. 1954. Chromosome Studies on California Mosses. Vv. 20 & 24 from Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club, 74 pp.
  • Steere, William C. 1958. Fifty Years of Botany, ed. W.C. Steere & McGraw-Hill, 638 pp.
  • Steere, William C. 1961. The Bryophytes of South Georgia. Reprinted, 25 pp.
  • Steere, William C. 1964. Liverworts of Southern Michigan. Bull. 17: Cranbrook Institute of Sci. 97 pp.
  • Steere, William C. 1976. Ecology, Phytogeography and Floristics of Arctic Alaskan Bryophytes. Reprinted Hattori Bot. Lab. 26 pp.
  • Steere, William C. 1978. North American Muscology and Muscologists: A Brief History. The Botanical Review 43 (3): 1-59
  • Steere, William C; Brassard, Guy R. 1978. Bryophytorum bibliotheca, Studies in austral temperate rain forest bryophytes. Bryophytorum bibliotheca 14, ed. ilustr. by J. Cramer, 508 pp.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Stafleu, Frans Antonie; Cowan, Richard S. (1985). Taxonomic Literature: A Selective Guide to Botanical Publications and Collections with Dates, Commentaries and Types. Vol. 5. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema. pp. 863–864. ISBN 9789031302246.
  2. ^ Brassard, Guy R. (1989). "In Memoriam: William C. Steere, 1907-1989". Arctic and Alpine Research. 21 (4): 435. JSTOR 1551654.
  3. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Steere.
  4. ^ a b c d "William Campbell Steere Records (RG4)".
  5. ^ a b "William C. Steere, Bryologist".
  6. ^ Crum, Howard (1977). "William Campbell Steere: an account of his life and work". The Bryologist. 80 (4): 662–694. doi:10.2307/3242430. JSTOR 3242430.
  7. ^ Buck, William (1986). "William Campbell Steere: An Outline of His Life and Continuing Career". In Hecht, Max (ed.). Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 20. New York: Springer. pp. 1–24. ISBN 978-1-4615-6985-5.
  8. ^ "Steereochila Inoue". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  9. ^ "Steereomitrium E.O.Campbell, 1987". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  10. ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names] (pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN 978-3-946292-41-8. S2CID 246307410. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  11. ^ a b c William Campbell Steere (1907-1989). (1989). The Bryologist, 92(3), 414-419. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3243414
  12. ^ "William and Lynda Steere".
  13. ^ "Cranbrook Institute of Science Director's Papers". Cranbrook website. Retrieved Dec. 27, 2016.
  14. ^ "Edit History: Steere, William Campbell (1907-1989)".

External links[edit]

Media related to William C. Steere at Wikimedia Commons

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