Moss

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coat of arms map
Coat of arms of the Moss commune
Moss (Norway)
Moss
Moss
Basic data
Commune number : 3002
Province  (county) : Viken
Administrative headquarters: Moss
Coordinates : 59 ° 26 '  N , 10 ° 40'  E Coordinates: 59 ° 26 '  N , 10 ° 40'  E
Height : 14 moh.
Surface: 137.77 km²
Residents: 49,273  (Feb 27, 2020)
Population density : 358 inhabitants per km²
Language form : neutral
Postal code : 1501
Website:
traffic
Railway connection: Østfoldbanen
politics
Mayor : Hanne Tollerud  ( Ap ) (2017)
Location in the province of Viken
Location of the municipality in the province of Viken

Moss is a Norwegian municipality in the Fylke Viken . The administrative seat is the city of the same name Moss. The municipality has 49,273 inhabitants (as of February 27, 2020) and is about 60 km south of Oslo .

geography

Moss borders Vestby in the north, Våler in the east and Råde in the south . In 1946, Moss was merged with the Jeløy municipality , which in addition to the island of Jeløy also included the districts of Mossemarka, Kambo and Krapfoss. A channel separates the approximately 10 km long and 4 km wide island from the mainland. The municipality of Rygge was incorporated into the municipality of Moss on January 1, 2020.

In the east of the city of Moss is the lake Vansjø , from which the Mosseelva flows, which finally flows into the Oslofjord in the city of Moss .

history

In the Stone Age 7,000 years ago, the first people stayed where Moss is today. Dwellings, rock carvings , district names and others are traces of settlers from the written time, the Viking Age and the Middle Ages . The name "Moss" is probably due to the Moss-Au, the oldest known name for the Hobølelv . This river has its sources near Oslo and the municipality of Sarpsborg and flows into Mossesund , a tributary of the Oslofjord . The word "Moss" probably comes from the old Norwegian and means swamp, moor. In the Viking Age, the area belonged to the ship contingent ( suffering ) Varna. A passion had to keep a certain number of war-worthy ships and crew available and to make them available at the request of the king. The name "Moss" is used for the first time in Bishop Eystein's land register from 1390.

The Moss waterfall ( Mossefossen ), the harbor and the forest were the basis for the growth of the city. The first sawmills and mills were set up in the 13th century. Shipbuilding can be traced back to the 16th century, when Moss also became a loading station with its own customs collector. That meant a lot for the status of the place. In the first half of the 18th century, the city was characterized by the production of spirits, which brought a good income from exports with several million liters of alcohol per year. In 1705 the Moss ironworks was built, which was in operation until 1870.

Moss received its first church in 1607 and its first royal post office in 1650. The “royal road” between Copenhagen and Christiania, as Oslo was then called, went through Moss. Since a ferry connection to the west bank of the Oslofjord had existed since the 16th century, Moss was an important traffic junction. In 1716 in the Great Northern War , Norwegian troops under the command of Colonel Vincent Budde had a division of the army of the Swedish King Charles XII. stopped in a battle near Moss, which prevented the capture of Akershus fortress by the Swedes. Today, Vincent's Budde plass in the city center is a reminder of this .

At the beginning of the 18th century, Moss had a population of around 1,000. The residents received market rights from King Friedrich IV on August 10, 1720 with their own town bailiff, possibly in recognition of their achievements in the battle of 1716.

Konventionsgården

In 1814 Moss became the scene of historically significant events. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark was forced in the Peace of Kiel on January 14, 1814 to cede Norway, which had been linked to Denmark in personal union since 1380, to Sweden. National resistance arose in Norway against this. Prince Christian Friedrich therefore took the initiative to convene an imperial assembly in Eidsvoll , in which a separate Norwegian constitution was drawn up and passed on May 17, 1814. Christian Friedrich was elected King of Norway. But Crown Prince Karl Johann Bernadotte of Sweden did not accept this and attacked Norway. King Christian Friedrich was staying in the main building of the Moss ironworks ( Konventionsgården ), where the peace negotiations then took place. Christian Friedrich achieved that Norway could keep its constitution and its parliament ( Stortinget ) and in return renounced the Norwegian throne. This negotiation result was reflected in the Moss Convention , which was signed on August 14, 1814. It created the basis for the development of Norway as an independent nation and the dissolution of the union with Sweden in 1905.

The municipality of Rygge was incorporated on January 1, 2020 .

economy

Moss hydropower plant

The industrial city of Moss grew in the 19th century. An immigrant from Schleswig founded the company “M. Peterson & Søn A / S ”, today the parent company of Norway's largest packaging group. Paper and cellulose mills were added. The cellulose factory, which started operations in 1883, is the source of the special "moss smell". It is much weaker today than it used to be. Another large company that grew up during the industrial revolution is Helly Hansen with rain and sea clothing, today a specialist in outdoor clothing all over the world. In 1898 the production of glass packaging for the Norwegian market began in Moss Glassverk . It was discontinued in 1999. The company “VingCard” produces code locks that are sold in over 60 countries around the world. You will e.g. B. used in hotels instead of keys. Other companies are the "Regal Mühle" and the "Moss Aktienbrauerei". Recently, refuse sorting devices and sewage treatment plants have been developed in Moss. Moss Verft , founded in 1870, grew in the 1970s with more than 1000 employees to become the largest employer in Moss, but was closed in 1987. From Moss there are ferry connections across the Oslofjord to Horten and Vestfold and direct flight connections to other cities in Norway and Europe, including Berlin, via Moss Airport and Rygge . There is a free shuttle bus connection to the airport from Moss train station. Rail connections lead to Oslo and via Halden to Gothenburg . Moss and the entire region get their drinking water from the largest inland lake in the former province of Østfold , Vansjø . It has a surface of 42 km² and holds 263,000,000 m³ of water.

Galleri F15

Culture

  • The industrial and city museum at the Mossefossen waterfall shows the industrial, architecture and city history with many details on the mill, glass and paper industries.
  • The Parktheater ( Parkteatret ), which was built in 1939, is the largest cultural institution in the city with its 3 stages.
  • The Galleri F15 on the island Jeløy attracts with its exhibitions on Norwegian and international contemporary art at many visitors from home and abroad.
  • The "Norwegian Lady" ( Norwegian Lady ), a monument at the harbor entrance of Moss that the sinking of a ship from Moss before Virginia Beach recalls, USA. There is an identical sister memorial in Virginia Beach.
  • Torderød Gård on Jeløy has, together with the manor house built in 1760, the only baroque garden in the region.
  • Refsnes Gods (Gut Refnes) on Jeløy consists of a main building built in the 18th century in the Rococo style and a park in the strictly geometric style of the time. Today it is a top class hotel with paintings by contemporary Norwegian artists as well as works by Edvard Munch and Andy Warhol .
  • Røed Gård on Jeløy is an ensemble of buildings with a manor house, various workshops and galleries for handicrafts and visual arts. Concerts and other cultural events take place in the 300-year-old park.

Town twinning

The following cities have partnered with Moss:

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Commons : Moss  - collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  • VisitMOSS, Destinasjonsselskapet for Mosseregionen, 2011

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå - Befolkning
  2. ↑ Moss. In: Norgeskart. Kartverket, accessed July 26, 2020 (Norwegian).
  3. ↑ Navn på nye kommuner. February 19, 2019, accessed October 1, 2019 (Norwegian).
  4. ↑ Vennskapsbyer . Moss commune. Archived from the original on April 4, 2013. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 18, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.moss.kommune.no