Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America: Difference between revisions

Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
Abbreviation	PhRMA
Formation	1958
Purpose	Trade association; Lobbying
Board Chair	Ramona Sequeira
Board Chair	Vasant (Vas) Narasimhan, M.D.
President	Stephen J. Ubl
Website	Official website
Formerly called	Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association

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Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA, pronounced /ˈfɑrmə/), formerly known as the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association,^[1] is a trade group representing companies in the pharmaceutical industry in the United States. Founded in 1958, PhRMA lobbies on behalf of pharmaceutical companies.^[2]^[3] PhRMA is headquartered in Washington, DC.^[1]

The organization has lobbied fiercely against allowing Medicare to negotiate drug prices for Medicare recipients,^[4] and filed lawsuits against the drug price provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act.^[5] At the state level, the organization has lobbied to prevent price limits and greater price transparency for drugs.^[6]

PhRMA has given substantial dark money donations to right-wing advocacy groups such as the American Action Network (which lobbied heavily against the Affordable Care Act), the Koch brothers' Americans for Prosperity and Grover Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform, while rarely providing some donations to centrist or moderately right-leaning groups such as Center Forward.^[7]

Membership

Leadership

Ramona Sequeira, President of Takeda’s Global Portfolio Division, is chairman of the PhRMA board. Vasant (Vas) Narasimhan, M.D., CEO of Novartis, is chairman and Daniel O'Day, Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of Gilead Sciences, is board treasurer.^[8]

Since 2015, the president of the organization has been Stephen J. Ubl. Previous leadership includes: John J. Castellani, formerly head of the Business Roundtable, a U.S. advocacy and lobbying group,^[9] Billy Tauzin, a former Republican congressman from Louisiana, and John J. Horan, former CEO and chairman of Merck & Co.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

Members

Current member companies include Alkermes, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Biogen, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly and Company, EMD Serono, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Ipsen, Johnson & Johnson, Lundbeck, Merck & Co., Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sunovion, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Teva Pharmaceutical Company and UCB.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Programs

SMARxT Disposal is a joint program run by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the American Pharmacists Association, and PhRMA to encourage consumers to properly dispose of unused medicines to avoid harm to the environment.^[18]

The Partnership for Prescription Assistance is a program by PhRMA and its member companies that connects patients in-need with information on low-cost and free prescription medication.^[18] PhRMA has in 2017 raised concerns over price increases for generic drugs out of patent by the company Marathon Pharmaceuticals over Duchenne muscular dystrophy treatment.^[19]

The company has advocated abroad in South Africa regarding pharmaceutical drug intellectual property rules.^[20]

In 2017, the organization had revenue of $455 million, $128 million of which was spent on lobbying activities.^[21]

The organization has notably opposed market pricing strategies of Valeant Pharmaceuticals, deriding the firm as having a strategy "reflective of a hedge fund".^[22]

In January 2018, the organization introduced the "Let's Talk About Cost" website, which makes the argument that much of the cost of medication goes to middlemen unassociated with pharmaceutical companies.^[23]^[21]

References

^ ^a ^b "Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America". National Health Council. November 4, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
^ The Editorial Board (November 27, 2015). "Turn the Volume Down on Drug Ads". New York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
^ "Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America". C-SPAN. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
^ "PhRMA Warns of Dire Consequences if Medicare Allowed to Negotiate Drug Prices". www.medpagetoday.com. September 8, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
^ "How Big Pharma is fighting Biden's program to lower seniors' drug costs". The Washington Post. March 11, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
^ Hancock, Jay (December 18, 2017). "In Election Year, Drug Industry Spent Big To Temper Talk About High Drug Prices". NPR. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
^ Hancock, Jay (July 27, 2018). "The Stealth Campaign to Kill Off Obamacare". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
^ "About". phrma.org. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
^ whorunsgov.com Archived January 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^ N.C. Alzenman and Dan Eggen (July 14, 2010). "Pharmaceutical group shifts tone with new pick for president". The Washington Post.
^ Judy Sarasohn (December 16, 2004). "Special Interests: Tauzin to Head Drug Trade Group". The Washington Post. p. A35.
^ Julian Pecquet (July 14, 2010). "PhRMA picks new president". The Hill. Vol. 17, no. 81. p. 22.
^ Segal, David (January 28, 2011). "John Horan, Former Chief of Merck, Dies at 90". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
^ Fick, Maggie (May 16, 2023). "AstraZeneca to leave leading U.S. drug lobby group". Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
^ "About". PhRMA. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
^ Payne, Daniel; Mahr, Krista (December 15, 2022). "AbbVie exits the lobby". POLITICO. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
^ "After AbbVie's exodus, Teva walks away from influential trade group PhRMA". Fierce Pharma. February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Patient Resources". Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. Archived from the original on March 19, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
^ "Marathon gets the Shkreli treatment from industry after $89K drug dust up". Ars Technica. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
^ "Leaky pharma". The Economist. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Kanski, Alison (November 26, 2018). "PhRMA spent nearly 10 times 2016's sum on advertising last year".
^ "High price tags for medicines are about to come under renewed pressure". The Economist. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ Campbell, Holly (January 24, 2018). "PhRMA launches new consumer-facing Let's Talk About Cost website".

External links

[:0-1] "Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America". National Health Council. November 4, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2017.

[NYT-20151127-2] The Editorial Board (November 27, 2015). "Turn the Volume Down on Drug Ads". New York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2015.

[3] "Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America". C-SPAN. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.

[4] "PhRMA Warns of Dire Consequences if Medicare Allowed to Negotiate Drug Prices". www.medpagetoday.com. September 8, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.

[5] "How Big Pharma is fighting Biden's program to lower seniors' drug costs". The Washington Post. March 11, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.

[6] Hancock, Jay (December 18, 2017). "In Election Year, Drug Industry Spent Big To Temper Talk About High Drug Prices". NPR. Retrieved October 3, 2021.

[7] Hancock, Jay (July 27, 2018). "The Stealth Campaign to Kill Off Obamacare". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 3, 2021.

[8] "About". phrma.org. Retrieved February 9, 2023.

[Whorunsgov-9] whorunsgov.com Archived January 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

[Post-10] N.C. Alzenman and Dan Eggen (July 14, 2010). "Pharmaceutical group shifts tone with new pick for president". The Washington Post.

[11] Judy Sarasohn (December 16, 2004). "Special Interests: Tauzin to Head Drug Trade Group". The Washington Post. p. A35.

[12] Julian Pecquet (July 14, 2010). "PhRMA picks new president". The Hill. Vol. 17, no. 81. p. 22.

[13] Segal, David (January 28, 2011). "John Horan, Former Chief of Merck, Dies at 90". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 28, 2022.

[14] Fick, Maggie (May 16, 2023). "AstraZeneca to leave leading U.S. drug lobby group". Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2023.

[15] "About". PhRMA. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.

[16] Payne, Daniel; Mahr, Krista (December 15, 2022). "AbbVie exits the lobby". POLITICO. Retrieved February 9, 2023.

[17] "After AbbVie's exodus, Teva walks away from influential trade group PhRMA". Fierce Pharma. February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.

[Patient-18] "Patient Resources". Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. Archived from the original on March 19, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2011.

[19] "Marathon gets the Shkreli treatment from industry after $89K drug dust up". Ars Technica. Retrieved February 18, 2017.

[20] "Leaky pharma". The Economist. Retrieved February 12, 2018.

[:1-21] Kanski, Alison (November 26, 2018). "PhRMA spent nearly 10 times 2016's sum on advertising last year".

[22] "High price tags for medicines are about to come under renewed pressure". The Economist. Retrieved February 12, 2018.

[23] Campbell, Holly (January 24, 2018). "PhRMA launches new consumer-facing Let's Talk About Cost website".

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|Trade group}}
+{{Redirect|PhRMA|related uses|Pharma}}
 {{Infobox organization
-| name                = Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
+| name = Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
-| logo                = PhRMA logo.svg
+| logo = PhRMA logo.svg
-| abbreviation        = PhRMA
+| abbreviation = PhRMA
-| formation           = 1958
+| formation = 1958
-| purpose             = [[Trade association]]<br/>[[Lobbying]]
+| purpose = [[Trade association]]<br/>[[Lobbying]]
+| leader_title = Board Chair
-| key_people          = Steve Ubl <small>(chairman, September 2015)</small><br>George A. Scangos <small>(Chairman of the Board)</small>
+| leader_name = Ramona Sequeira
-| website             = [https://www.phrma.org/ Official website]
+| leader_title2 = Board Chair
-| formerly            = Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
+| leader_name2 = [[Vasant Narasimhan|Vasant (Vas) Narasimhan, M.D.]]
+| leader_title3 = President
+| leader_name3 = Stephen J. Ubl
+| website = [https://www.phrma.org/ Official website]
+| formerly = Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
 }}
 {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2011}}
 '''Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America''' ('''PhRMA''', pronounced {{IPA|/ˈfɑrmə/}}), formerly known as the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nationalhealthcouncil.org/about-nhc/members/pharmaceutical-research-and-manufacturers-america|title=Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America|date=2014-11-04|work=National Health Council|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}}</ref> is a [[trade association|trade group]] representing companies in the [[pharmaceutical industry]] in the [[United States]]. Founded in 1958, PhRMA lobbies on behalf of pharmaceutical companies.<ref name="NYT-20151127">{{cite news |author=The Editorial Board |title=Turn the Volume Down on Drug Ads |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/opinion/turn-the-volume-down-on-drug-ads.html |date=November 27, 2015 |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=November 27, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America |url=https://www.c-span.org/organization/?17713/Pharmaceutical-Research-Manufacturers-America |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406050308/https://www.c-span.org/organization/?17713/Pharmaceutical-Research-Manufacturers-America |archive-date=2022-04-06 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=C-SPAN}}</ref> PhRMA is headquartered in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]].<ref name=":0" />
-The organization has lobbied fiercely against allowing [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] to negotiate drug prices for Medicare recipients.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=PhRMA Warns of Dire Consequences if Medicare Allowed to Negotiate Drug Prices|url=https://www.medpagetoday.com/publichealthpolicy/generalprofessionalissues/94411|access-date=2021-10-03|website=www.medpagetoday.com|language=en}}</ref> At the state-level, the organization has lobbied to prevent price limits and greater price transparency for drugs.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hancock|first=Jay|date=2017-12-18|title=In Election Year, Drug Industry Spent Big To Temper Talk About High Drug Prices|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/12/18/571206699/in-election-year-drug-industry-spent-big-to-temper-talk-about-high-drug-prices|access-date=2021-10-03}}</ref> PhRMA has given substantial [[dark money]] donations to right-wing advocacy groups such as the [[American Action Network]] (which lobbied heavily against the Affordable Care Act), the Koch Brothers' [[Americans for Prosperity]] and Grover Norquist's [[Americans for Tax Reform]], while rarely providing some donations to centrist or moderately right-leaning groups such as [[Center Forward]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hancock|first=Jay|date=2018-07-27|title=The Stealth Campaign to Kill Off Obamacare|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/27/business/the-stealth-campaign-to-kill-off-obamacare.html|access-date=2021-10-03|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
+The organization has lobbied fiercely against allowing [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] to negotiate [[Prescription drug prices in the United States|drug prices]] for Medicare recipients,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=PhRMA Warns of Dire Consequences if Medicare Allowed to Negotiate Drug Prices|url=https://www.medpagetoday.com/publichealthpolicy/generalprofessionalissues/94411|access-date=2021-10-03|website=www.medpagetoday.com|language=en}}</ref> and filed lawsuits against the drug price provisions in the [[Inflation Reduction Act]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2024/03/11/pharma-drug-priding-biden-negotiations/|title=How Big Pharma is fighting Biden's program to lower seniors' drug costs|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=March 11, 2024|access-date=March 13, 2024}}</ref> At the state level, the organization has lobbied to prevent price limits and greater price transparency for drugs.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hancock|first=Jay|date=2017-12-18|title=In Election Year, Drug Industry Spent Big To Temper Talk About High Drug Prices|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/12/18/571206699/in-election-year-drug-industry-spent-big-to-temper-talk-about-high-drug-prices|access-date=2021-10-03}}</ref>
+PhRMA has given substantial [[dark money]] donations to right-wing advocacy groups such as the [[American Action Network]] (which lobbied heavily against the [[Affordable Care Act]]), the [[Koch brothers]]' [[Americans for Prosperity]] and [[Grover Norquist]]'s [[Americans for Tax Reform]], while rarely providing some donations to centrist or moderately right-leaning groups such as [[Center Forward]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hancock|first=Jay|date=2018-07-27|title=The Stealth Campaign to Kill Off Obamacare|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/27/business/the-stealth-campaign-to-kill-off-obamacare.html|access-date=2021-10-03|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
 ==Membership==
 === Leadership ===
-George A. Scangos, CEO of [[Biogen]], is chairman of the PhRMA board. Joaquin Duato, chairman of [[Johnson & Johnson]]'s pharmaceutical division, is chairman-elect and [[Joseph Jimenez]], former CEO of [[Novartis]], is board treasurer.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://phrma.org/media-releases/biogen-ceo-george-a-scangos-becomes-phrma-board-chairman | title = Biogen CEO George A. Scangos Becomes PhRMA Board Chairman | publisher = PhRMA | date = March 10, 2016}}</ref>
+Ramona Sequeira, President of [[Takeda Pharmaceutical Company|Takeda]]’s Global Portfolio Division, is chairman of the PhRMA board. [[Vasant Narasimhan|Vasant (Vas) Narasimhan, M.D.]], CEO of [[Novartis]], is chairman and  Daniel O'Day, Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of [[Gilead Sciences]], is board treasurer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://phrma.org/About |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=phrma.org |language=en}}</ref>
-Previous leadership includes: [[John J. Castellani]], formerly head of the [[Business Roundtable]], a U.S. advocacy and [[Lobbyist|lobbying]] group<ref name="Whorunsgov">[http://www.whorunsgov.com/Profiles/John_Castellani whorunsgov.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127013251/http://www.whorunsgov.com/Profiles/John_Castellani |date=January 27, 2011 }}</ref>, [[Billy Tauzin]], a former Republican congressman from Louisiana, and [[John J. Horan]], former CEO and Chairman of [[Merck & Co.]]<ref name="Post">{{cite news | title = Pharmaceutical group shifts tone with new pick for president | author = N.C. Alzenman and Dan Eggen | newspaper = The Washington Post | date = July 14, 2010 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/13/AR2010071302891.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author = Judy Sarasohn | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A3504-2004Dec15.html | title = Special Interests: Tauzin to Head Drug Trade Group | newspaper = The Washington Post | date = December 16, 2004 | page = A35}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author = Julian Pecquet | title = PhRMA picks new president | newspaper = The Hill | date = July 14, 2010 | volume = 17 | issue = 81 | page = 22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Segal |first=David |date=2011-01-28 |title=John Horan, Former Chief of Merck, Dies at 90 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/business/28horan.html |access-date=2022-06-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
+Since 2015, the president of the organization has been Stephen J. Ubl. Previous leadership includes: [[John J. Castellani]], formerly head of the [[Business Roundtable]], a U.S. advocacy and [[Lobbyist|lobbying]] group,<ref name="Whorunsgov">[http://www.whorunsgov.com/Profiles/John_Castellani whorunsgov.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127013251/http://www.whorunsgov.com/Profiles/John_Castellani |date=January 27, 2011 }}</ref> [[Billy Tauzin]], a former Republican congressman from Louisiana, and [[John J. Horan]], former CEO and chairman of [[Merck & Co.]]<ref name="Post">{{cite news | title = Pharmaceutical group shifts tone with new pick for president | author = N.C. Alzenman and Dan Eggen | newspaper = The Washington Post | date = July 14, 2010 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/13/AR2010071302891.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author = Judy Sarasohn | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A3504-2004Dec15.html | title = Special Interests: Tauzin to Head Drug Trade Group | newspaper = The Washington Post | date = December 16, 2004 | page = A35}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author = Julian Pecquet | title = PhRMA picks new president | newspaper = The Hill | date = July 14, 2010 | volume = 17 | issue = 81 | page = 22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Segal |first=David |date=2011-01-28 |title=John Horan, Former Chief of Merck, Dies at 90 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/business/28horan.html |access-date=2022-06-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
-Steve Ubl became PhRMA's chairman in September 2015.<ref>[http://www.phrma.org/press-release/stephen-j-ubl-to-lead-phrma-as-next-president-and-ceo Stephen J. Ubl to Lead PhRMA as Next President and CEO. PhRMA website. September 25, 2015]</ref>
 === Members ===
-Current member companies include [[AbbVie]], [[Alkermes (company)|Alkermes]], [[Amgen]], [[Astellas Pharma]], [[AstraZeneca]], [[Bayer]], [[Biogen]], [[BioMarin Pharmaceutical]], [[Boehringer Ingelheim]], [[Bristol Myers Squibb]], [[CSL Behring]], [[Daiichi Sankyo]], [[Eisai (company)|Eisai]], [[Eli Lilly and Company]], [[EMD Serono]], [[Genentech]], [[Gilead Sciences]], [[GlaxoSmithKline]], [[Incyte]], [[Ipsen]], [[Johnson & Johnson]], [[Lundbeck]], [[Merck & Co.]], [[Novartis]], [[Novo Nordisk]], [[Otsuka Pharmaceutical]], [[Pfizer]], [[Sanofi]], [[Sunovion]], [[Takeda Pharmaceutical Company]], [[Teva Pharmaceuticals]], and [[UCB (company)|UCB]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://phrma.org/About |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.ph/gaGKc |archive-date=2022-04-06 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=PhRMA |language=en}}</ref>
+Current member companies include [[Alkermes (company)|Alkermes]], [[Amgen]], [[Astellas Pharma]], [[Bayer]], [[Biogen]], [[BioMarin Pharmaceutical]], [[Boehringer Ingelheim]], [[Bristol Myers Squibb]], [[CSL Behring]], [[Daiichi Sankyo]], [[Eisai (company)|Eisai]], [[Eli Lilly and Company]], [[EMD Serono]], [[Genentech]], [[Gilead Sciences]], [[GlaxoSmithKline]], [[Incyte]], [[Ipsen]], [[Johnson & Johnson]], [[Lundbeck]], [[Merck & Co.]], [[Novartis]], [[Novo Nordisk]], [[Otsuka Pharmaceutical]], [[Pfizer]], [[Sanofi]], [[Sunovion]], [[Takeda Pharmaceutical Company]], [[Teva Pharmaceutical Company]] and [[UCB (company)|UCB]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fick |first=Maggie |date=2023-05-16 |title=AstraZeneca to leave leading U.S. drug lobby group |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/astrazeneca-leave-leading-us-drug-lobby-group-2023-05-16/ |access-date=2023-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://phrma.org/About |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220406052447/https://www.phrma.org/about |archive-date=2022-04-06 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=PhRMA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Payne |first1=Daniel |last2=Mahr |first2=Krista |title=AbbVie exits the lobby |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-pulse/2022/12/15/abbvie-exits-the-lobby-00074047 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=POLITICO |date=December 15, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-03 |title=After AbbVie's exodus, Teva walks away from influential trade group PhRMA |language=en |work=Fierce Pharma |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/after-abbvie-phrmas-black-sheep-teva-walks-away-influential-trade-group#:~:text=%E2%80%9CTeva%20has%20decided%20not%20to,statement%20provided%20to%20Fierce%20Pharma. |access-date=2023-02-09}}</ref>
 ==Programs==
@@ Line 32: / Line 38: @@
 The Partnership for Prescription Assistance is a program by PhRMA and its member companies that connects patients in-need with information on low-cost and free prescription medication.<ref name="Patient"/> PhRMA has in 2017 raised concerns over price increases for generic drugs out of patent by the company [[Marathon Pharmaceuticals]] over [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]] treatment.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/02/marathon-gets-the-shkreli-treatment-from-industry-after-89k-drug-dust-up/|title=Marathon gets the Shkreli treatment from industry after $89K drug dust up|newspaper=Ars Technica|access-date=2017-02-18|language=en-us}}</ref>
-The company has advocated abroad in [[South Africa]] regarding pharmaceutical drug intellectual property rules.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/schumpeter/2014/01/new-drug-war-continued|title=Leaky pharma|website=The Economist|language=en|access-date=2018-02-12}}</ref>
+The company has advocated abroad in [[South Africa]] regarding pharmaceutical drug intellectual property rules.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/schumpeter/2014/01/new-drug-war-continued|title=Leaky pharma|newspaper=The Economist|language=en|access-date=2018-02-12}}</ref>
 In 2017, the organization had revenue of $455 million, $128 million of which was spent on lobbying activities.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Kanski |first=Alison |date=November 26, 2018 |title=PhRMA spent nearly 10 times 2016's sum on advertising last year |url=https://www.mmm-online.com/home/channel/commercial/phrma-spent-nearly-10-times-2016s-sum-on-advertising-last-year/}}</ref>
-The company has notably opposed market pricing strategies of [[Valeant Pharmaceuticals]], deriding the firm as having a strategy "reflective of a [[hedge fund]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=High price tags for medicines are about to come under renewed pressure |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21711333-president-elect-formerly-pharma-industrys-preferred-candidate-has-promised-bring |access-date=2018-02-12 |website=The Economist |language=en}}</ref>
+The organization has notably opposed market pricing strategies of [[Valeant Pharmaceuticals]], deriding the firm as having a strategy "reflective of a [[hedge fund]]".<ref>{{Cite news |title=High price tags for medicines are about to come under renewed pressure |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21711333-president-elect-formerly-pharma-industrys-preferred-candidate-has-promised-bring |access-date=2018-02-12 |newspaper=The Economist |language=en}}</ref>
 In January 2018, the organization introduced the "Let's Talk About Cost" website, which makes the argument that much of the cost of medication goes to middlemen unassociated with pharmaceutical companies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catalyst.phrma.org/phrma-launches-new-consumer-facing-lets-talk-about-cost-website|title=PhRMA launches new consumer-facing Let's Talk About Cost website|last=Campbell|first=Holly|date=January 24, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
 ==See also==
+* [[Biotechnology Innovation Organization]] (BIO)
 * [[Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry]]
 * [[Ethics in pharmaceutical sales]]
@@ Line 56: / Line 63: @@
 ==External links==
+* {{official website}}
 * [https://www.phrma.org/ Official website]
-* [https://www.letstalkaboutcost.org/ Let's Talk About Cost]
 {{authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Pharmaceutical Research And Manufacturers Of America}}
 [[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of the United States]]

Authority control databases
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