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{{Short description|Array of space telescopes}}
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{{use dmy dates|date=August 2019 }}
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{{short description|array of space telescopes}}
{{about|an array of space telescopes|other uses|Nautilus (disambiguation)}}
{{about|an array of space telescopes|other uses|Nautilus (disambiguation)}}
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{{use dmy dates|date=August 2019 }}
{{Infobox spaceflight
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
| name = Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
| names_list =
| names_list =


| image = File:Hubble_01.jpg
| image =
| image_size = 250
| image_size =
| image_caption = [[Hubble space telescope]]
| image_caption =
| mission_type = [[Exoplanet|Exoplanet observation]]
| mission_type = [[Exoplanet|Exoplanet observation]]
| operator = [[University of Arizona]]
| operator = [[University of Arizona]]
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| SATCAT =
| SATCAT =
| website = {{URL|http://nautilus-array.space/}}
| website = {{URL|http://nautilus-array.space/}}
| mission_duration = > 5 years<ref name='Apai2019'>[http://nautilus-array.space/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Nautilus_Astro2020_WhitePaper.pdf Nautilus A Very Large-Aperture, Ultralight Space Telescope for Exoplanet Exploration, Time-domain Astrophysics, and Faint Objects.] A white paper. D'aniel Apai, Steward Observatory and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. The University of Arizona. 2019.</ref>
| mission_duration =


| manufacturer = <!--company or companies who built the satellite-->
| manufacturer =
| launch_mass =
| launch_mass =
| dry_mass = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit without fuel-->
| dry_mass = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit without fuel-->
| payload_mass = <!--Mass of cargo carried by spacecraft (e.g., for Space Shuttle), or total mass of instrumentation/equipment/experiments for mission-->
| payload_mass = <!--Mass of cargo carried by spacecraft-->
| dimensions =
| dimensions = Spherical {{cvt|14|m}} inflatable spacecraft<ref name='Apai2019'/>
| power =
| power =


| launch_date =
| launch_date =
| launch_rocket =
| launch_rocket = Suggested: [[SpaceX Starship|Starship]] or [[Space Launch System|SLS]]<ref name='Apai2019'/>
| orbit_reference = [[Lagrangian point|Sun-Earth L<sub>2</sub>]]<ref name='Apai2019'/>
| launch_site =
| launch_contractor =
| entered_service = <!--date on which the spacecraft entered service, if it did not do so immediately after launch-->


<!--Telescope parameters-->
| orbit_reference =
| telescope_type = [[Diffraction|Diffractive optic]]<!--type of telescope, mirror arrangement, etc-->
| orbit_regime =
| telescope_diameter = {{cvt|8.5|m|in}}
| apsis =
| telescope_wavelength = 0.5 – 1.7 μm (visible and [[near-infrared]])<ref name='Apai2019'/>
<!---
| telescope_resolution =
| instruments_list = {{Infobox spaceflight/Instruments
| instruments = Spectrographs: NAVIIS-VIS and NAVIIS-NIR <ref name='Apai2019'/>
}}
| insignia =
--->
}}
}}
'''Nautilus Deep Space Observatory''' ('''NDSO''') (also known as '''Nautilus array''', '''Nautilus mission''', '''Nautilus program''', '''Nautilus telescope array''' and '''Project Nautilus''') (''A Giant Segmented Space Telescope Array for a Galactic Biosignature Survey'') is a proposed [[Outer space|deep space]] fleet of [[space telescope]]s designed to search for [[biosignature]]s of [[Extraterrestrial life|life]] in the [[atmosphere]]s of [[exoplanet]]s.<ref name="EA-20190802">{{cite news |author=[[University of Arizona]] |title=A new lens for life-searching space telescopes - University of Arizona researchers have designed a new kind of telescope that is a cheaper, lighter and more powerful option than creating telescopes using ever-larger mirrors. With a fleet of the newly designed space telescopes, they aim to scour a thousand potentially earth-like planets for signs of life. |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-08/uoa-anl080219.php |date=2 August 2019 |work=[[EurekAlert!]] |accessdate=5 August 2019 }}</ref><ref name="TSJ-20190729">{{cite journal |title=A Thousand Earths: A Very Large Aperture, Ultralight Space Telescope Array for Atmospheric Biosignature Surveys |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ab2631 |date=29 July 2019 |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |volume=158 |number=2 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ab2631 |accessdate=5 August 2019 }}</ref><ref name="USRA-2018">{{cite web |author=Apai, D. |display-authors=et al. |title=Nautilus DeepSpace Observatory: A Giant Segmented Space Telescope Array for a Galactic Biosignature Survey |url=https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/deepspace2018/pdf/3127.pdf |date=2018 |work=[[Universities Space Research Association]] |accessdate=5 August 2019 }}</ref><ref name="HVRD-20180201">{{cite web |author=Apai, D. |display-authors=et al. |title=Nautilus Deep Space Observatory: A Giant Segmented Space Telescope Array for a Galactic Biosignature Survey |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018LPICo2063.3127A |date=1 February 2018 |work=[[Harvard University]] |accessdate=6 August 2019 }}</ref>
'''Nautilus Deep Space Observatory''' ('''NDSO''') (also known as '''Nautilus array''', '''Nautilus mission''', '''Nautilus program''', '''Nautilus telescope array''' and '''Project Nautilus''') is a proposed [[Outer space|deep space]] fleet of [[space telescope]]s designed to search for [[biosignature]]s of [[Extraterrestrial life|life]] in the [[atmosphere]]s of [[exoplanet]]s.<ref name="EA-20190802">{{cite news |author=University of Arizona |title=A new lens for life-searching space telescopes |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-08/uoa-anl080219.php |date=2 August 2019 |work=[[EurekAlert!]] |access-date=5 August 2019 |author-link=University of Arizona }}</ref><ref name="TSJ-20190729">{{cite journal |title=A Thousand Earths: A Very Large Aperture, Ultralight Space Telescope Array for Atmospheric Biosignature Surveys |date=29 July 2019 |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |volume=158 |pages=83 |number=2 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ab2631 |last1=Apai |first1=Dániel |last2=Milster |first2=Tom D. |last3=Kim |first3=Dae Wook |last4=Bixel |first4=Alex |last5=Schneider |first5=Glenn |last6=Liang |first6=Ronguang |last7=Arenberg |first7=Jonathan |arxiv=1906.05079 |bibcode=2019AJ....158...83A |hdl=10150/634070 |s2cid=186206769 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="USRA-2018">{{cite web |author=Apai, D. |display-authors=et al. |title=Nautilus DeepSpace Observatory: A Giant Segmented Space Telescope Array for a Galactic Biosignature Survey |url=https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/deepspace2018/pdf/3127.pdf |date=2018 |work=[[Universities Space Research Association]] |access-date=5 August 2019 }}</ref><ref name="HVRD-20180201">{{cite journal |author=Apai, D. |display-authors=et al. |title=Nautilus Deep Space Observatory: A Giant Segmented Space Telescope Array for a Galactic Biosignature Survey |volume=2063 |pages=3127 |date=1 February 2018 |journal=[[Harvard University]] |bibcode=2018LPICo2063.3127A }}</ref>


[[Daniel Apai]], lead astronomer of NDSO from the [[University of Arizona]], and associated with the [[Steward Observatory]] and the [[Lunar and Planetary Laboratory]], commented, "[With this new space telescope technology], we will be able to vastly increase the light-collecting power of telescopes, and among other science, study the atmospheres of 1,000 potentially earth-like planets for signs of life."<ref name="EA-20190802" />
[[Daniel Apai]], lead astronomer of NDSO from the [[University of Arizona]], and associated with the [[Steward Observatory]] and the [[Lunar and Planetary Laboratory]], commented "[With this new space telescope technology], we will be able to vastly increase the light-collecting power of telescopes, and among other science, study the atmospheres of 1,000 potentially [[Earth_analog|Earth-like planets]] for signs of life."<ref name="EA-20190802" />


== History ==
== Overview ==
The NDSO mission is based on the development of very lightweight telescope mirrors that enhance the power of space telescopes, while substantially lowering manufacturing and launch costs.<ref name="LFW-20190805" /> The concept is based not on traditional reflective optics but on [[Difraction|diffractive]] optics, employing a single diffractive lens made of a multiorder diffractive engineered (MODE) material.<ref name='Willis Aug2019'/> A MODE lens is ten times lighter and 100 times less susceptible to misalignments than conventional lightweight large telescope mirrors.<ref name="LFW-20190805" /><ref name='Willis Aug2019'/>
⚫
The NDSO mission is based on the development of very lightweight telescope mirrors that enhance the power of space telescopes while, at the same time, substantially lowering manufacturing and launch costs.<ref name="LFW-20190805" /> The mission proposes to launch a fleet of 35 such space telescopes, each one a {{convert|14|m|in|abbr=on}} wide spherical telescope, and each containing an {{convert|8.5|m|in|abbr=on}} diameter lens. Each of these space telescopes would be more powerful than the {{convert|6.5|m|in|abbr=on}} mirror of the [[James Webb Space Telescope]], the {{convert|2.4|m|in|abbr=on}} wide mirror of the [[Hubble Space Telescope]], and the {{convert|1.1x0.7|m|in|abbr=on}} mirror of the [[ARIEL|Ariel space telescope]] combined.<ref name="EA-20190802" /><ref name="NDSO-2019">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Nautilu: A Revolutionary Sapce Telescope - A very large aperture, ultralight space telescope for exoplanet exploration, time-domain astrophysics, and faint objects |url=http://nautilus-array.space/ |date=2019 |work=Nautilus-Array.space |accessdate=6 August 2019 }}</ref><ref name="LFW-20190805">{{cite news |last=Wallace |first=John |title=Multi-order diffractive optical elements could lead to extremely light space telescopes - University of Arizona Project Nautilus aims to create a space telescope that can survey transiting exo-earths for biosignatures 1000 light years away. |url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/optics/article/14037711/multiorder-diffractive-optical-elements-could-lead-to-extremely-light-space-telescopes |date=5 August 2019 |work=[[Laser Focus World]] |accessdate=6 August 2019 }}</ref> The NDSO telescope array, when used all together, would be equivalent to a {{convert|50|m|in|abbr=on}} diameter telescope.<ref name="EA-20190802" /> With such telescopic power, the NDSO would be able to analyze the atmospheres of 1,000 exoplanets up to 1,000 light years away.<ref name="EA-20190802" />


⚫
The NDSO mission proposes to launch a fleet of 35 space telescopes, each one a {{convert|14|m|in|abbr=on}} wide spherical telescope, and each featuring an {{convert|8.5|m|in|abbr=on}} diameter lens. Each of these space telescopes would be more powerful than the {{convert|6.5|m|in|abbr=on}} mirror of the [[James Webb Space Telescope]], the {{convert|2.4|m|in|abbr=on}} wide mirror of the [[Hubble Space Telescope]], and the {{convert|1.1x0.7|m|in|abbr=on}} mirror of the [[ARIEL|Ariel space telescope]] combined.<ref name="EA-20190802" /><ref name="LFW-20190805">{{cite news |last=Wallace |first=John |title=Multi-order diffractive optical elements could lead to extremely light space telescopes - University of Arizona Project Nautilus aims to create a space telescope that can survey transiting exo-earths for biosignatures 1000 light years away. |url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/optics/article/14037711/multiorder-diffractive-optical-elements-could-lead-to-extremely-light-space-telescopes |date=5 August 2019 |work=[[Laser Focus World]] |access-date=6 August 2019 }}</ref><ref name="NDSO-2019">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Nautilu: A Revolutionary Space Telescope - A very large aperture, ultralight space telescope for exoplanet exploration, time-domain astrophysics, and faint objects |url=http://nautilus-array.space/ |date=2019 |work=Nautilus-Array.space |access-date=6 August 2019 }}</ref> The NDSO telescope array of 35 spacecraft, when used all together, would have the resolving power equivalent to a {{convert|50|m|in|abbr=on}} diameter telescope.<ref name="EA-20190802" /><ref name='Willis Aug2019'/> With such telescopic power, the NDSO would be able to analyze the atmospheres of 1,000 exoplanets up to 1,000 light years away.<ref name="EA-20190802" />
⚫
In January 2019, the NDSO research team, which includes Daniel Apai, Tom Milster, Dae Wook Kim and Ronguang Liang of the [[University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences]],<ref name="LFW-20190805" /> as well as Jonathan Arenberg from [[Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems]], received $1.1 million support funding from the [[Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation|Moore Foundation]] in order to construct a prototype of a single telescope, and test it on the {{convert|61|in|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[Mount Bigelow (Arizona)|Kuiper Telescope]] before December 2020.<ref name="EA-20190802" />


⚫
In January 2019, the NDSO research team, which includes lead astronomer Daniel Apai, as well as Tom Milster, Dae Wook Kim and Ronguang Liang from the [[University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences]],<ref name="LFW-20190805" /> and Jonathan Arenberg from [[Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems]], received a $1.1 million support grant from the [[Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation|Moore Foundation]] in order to construct a prototype of a single telescope, and test it on the {{convert|61|in|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[Catalina Station|Kuiper Telescope]] before December 2020.<ref name="EA-20190802" />
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== Spacecraft ==

To be determined.
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==Spacecraft==
<!--- === Instruments === --->

Each individual Nautilus unit has a single solid MODE lens and would be packed in stackable form for a shared rocket launch, and once deployed, each unit would inflate into a {{cvt|14|m}} diameter [[Mylar]] balloon with the instrument payload in the center.<ref name='Apai2019'/><ref name='Willis Aug2019'>[https://www.osa-opn.org/home/newsroom/2019/august/a_different_kind_of_eye_on_the_cosmos/ A Different Kind of Eye on the Cosmos.] Stewart Willis, ''Optics & Photonics''. 9 August 2019.</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Astrobiology]]
* [[Biosignature]]
* [[Carl Sagan Institute]]
* [[SISTINE]] - another way to search for life on exoplanets
* [[SISTINE]] - another way to search for life on exoplanets


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://nautilus-array.space/}}
* {{Official website|http://nautilus-array.space/}}
* [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/158116686.pdf Deep Space Workshop (2018)]
* [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/158116686.pdf Deep Space Workshop (2018)]

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{{Space observatories}}
{{Exoplanet search projects}}
{{Exoplanet search projects}}
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[[Category:Proposed satellites]]

Latest revision as of 20:19, 18 November 2023

This article is about an array of space telescopes. For other uses, see Nautilus (disambiguation).

Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
Mission typeExoplanet observation
OperatorUniversity of Arizona
Websitenautilus-array.space
Mission duration> 5 years[1]
Spacecraft properties
DimensionsSpherical 14 m (46 ft) inflatable spacecraft[1]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemSun-Earth L2[1]
Main telescope
TypeDiffractive optic
Diameter8.5 m (330 in)
Wavelengths0.5 – 1.7 μm (visible and near-infrared)[1]
Instruments
Spectrographs: NAVIIS-VIS and NAVIIS-NIR [1]
 

Nautilus Deep Space Observatory (NDSO) (also known as Nautilus array, Nautilus mission, Nautilus program, Nautilus telescope array and Project Nautilus) is a proposed deep space fleet of space telescopes designed to search for biosignatures of life in the atmospheres of exoplanets.[2][3][4][5]

Daniel Apai, lead astronomer of NDSO from the University of Arizona, and associated with the Steward Observatory and the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, commented "[With this new space telescope technology], we will be able to vastly increase the light-collecting power of telescopes, and among other science, study the atmospheres of 1,000 potentially Earth-like planets for signs of life."[2]

Overview[edit]

The NDSO mission is based on the development of very lightweight telescope mirrors that enhance the power of space telescopes, while substantially lowering manufacturing and launch costs.[6] The concept is based not on traditional reflective optics but on diffractive optics, employing a single diffractive lens made of a multiorder diffractive engineered (MODE) material.[7] A MODE lens is ten times lighter and 100 times less susceptible to misalignments than conventional lightweight large telescope mirrors.[6][7]

The NDSO mission proposes to launch a fleet of 35 space telescopes, each one a 14 m (550 in) wide spherical telescope, and each featuring an 8.5 m (330 in) diameter lens. Each of these space telescopes would be more powerful than the 6.5 m (260 in) mirror of the James Webb Space Telescope, the 2.4 m (94 in) wide mirror of the Hubble Space Telescope, and the 1.1 m × 0.7 m (43 in × 28 in) mirror of the Ariel space telescope combined.[2][6][8] The NDSO telescope array of 35 spacecraft, when used all together, would have the resolving power equivalent to a 50 m (2,000 in) diameter telescope.[2][7] With such telescopic power, the NDSO would be able to analyze the atmospheres of 1,000 exoplanets up to 1,000 light years away.[2]

In January 2019, the NDSO research team, which includes lead astronomer Daniel Apai, as well as Tom Milster, Dae Wook Kim and Ronguang Liang from the University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences,[6] and Jonathan Arenberg from Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, received a $1.1 million support grant from the Moore Foundation in order to construct a prototype of a single telescope, and test it on the 1.5 m (61 in) Kuiper Telescope before December 2020.[2]

Spacecraft[edit]

Each individual Nautilus unit has a single solid MODE lens and would be packed in stackable form for a shared rocket launch, and once deployed, each unit would inflate into a 14 m (46 ft) diameter Mylar balloon with the instrument payload in the center.[1][7]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Nautilus A Very Large-Aperture, Ultralight Space Telescope for Exoplanet Exploration, Time-domain Astrophysics, and Faint Objects. A white paper. D'aniel Apai, Steward Observatory and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. The University of Arizona. 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f University of Arizona (2 August 2019). "A new lens for life-searching space telescopes". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  3. ^ Apai, Dániel; Milster, Tom D.; Kim, Dae Wook; Bixel, Alex; Schneider, Glenn; Liang, Ronguang; Arenberg, Jonathan (29 July 2019). "A Thousand Earths: A Very Large Aperture, Ultralight Space Telescope Array for Atmospheric Biosignature Surveys". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (2): 83. arXiv:1906.05079. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...83A. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab2631. hdl:10150/634070. S2CID 186206769.
  4. ^ Apai, D.; et al. (2018). "Nautilus DeepSpace Observatory: A Giant Segmented Space Telescope Array for a Galactic Biosignature Survey" (PDF). Universities Space Research Association. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  5. ^ Apai, D.; et al. (1 February 2018). "Nautilus Deep Space Observatory: A Giant Segmented Space Telescope Array for a Galactic Biosignature Survey". Harvard University. 2063: 3127. Bibcode:2018LPICo2063.3127A.
  6. ^ a b c d Wallace, John (5 August 2019). "Multi-order diffractive optical elements could lead to extremely light space telescopes - University of Arizona Project Nautilus aims to create a space telescope that can survey transiting exo-earths for biosignatures 1000 light years away". Laser Focus World. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d A Different Kind of Eye on the Cosmos. Stewart Willis, Optics & Photonics. 9 August 2019.
  8. ^ Staff (2019). "Nautilu: A Revolutionary Space Telescope - A very large aperture, ultralight space telescope for exoplanet exploration, time-domain astrophysics, and faint objects". Nautilus-Array.space. Retrieved 6 August 2019.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory&oldid=1185752701"