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The '''problem of other minds''' is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following [[Epistemology|epistemological]] question: Given that I can only observe the [[behavior]] of others, how can I know that others have [[mind]]s?<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/other-minds/|first=Alec|last=Hyslop|title=Other minds|editor1-last=Zalta|editor1-first=Edward N.|editor2-last=Nodelman|editor2-first=Uri|website=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University|issn=1095-5054|date=14 January 2014|access-date=May 26, 2015}}</ref> The problem is that [[knowledge]] of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact social interactions often due to instinctive assumptions that others exist, in part explained by [[mirror neuron]] functioning.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colle |first1=Livia |last2=Becchio |first2=Cristina |last3=Bara |first3=Bruno |title=The Non-Problem of the Other Minds: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on Shared Intentionality |journal=Human Development |date=2008 |volume=51 |issue=5/6 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26764876 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> |
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It is a major issue of the philosophical idea known as [[solipsism]]: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. Solipsism maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, behavior on its own does not guarantee the presence of mentality.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Thornton |first=Stephen |encyclopedia=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title=Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds |url=https://iep.utm.edu/solipsis/ |issn=2161-0002 |accessdate=2021-06-02 }}</ref> |
It is a major issue of the philosophical idea known as [[solipsism]]: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. Solipsism maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, behavior on its own does not guarantee the presence of mentality.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Thornton |first=Stephen |encyclopedia=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title=Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds |url=https://iep.utm.edu/solipsis/ |issn=2161-0002 |accessdate=2021-06-02 }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 17:18, 16 June 2021
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2016) |
The problem of other minds is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following epistemological question: Given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds?[1] The problem is that knowledge of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact social interactions often due to instinctive assumptions that others exist, in part explained by mirror neuron functioning.[2]
It is a major issue of the philosophical idea known as solipsism: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. Solipsism maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, behavior on its own does not guarantee the presence of mentality.[3]
See also
References
- ^ Hyslop, Alec (14 January 2014). Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.). "Other minds". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University. ISSN 1095-5054. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
- ^ Colle, Livia; Becchio, Cristina; Bara, Bruno (2008). "The Non-Problem of the Other Minds: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on Shared Intentionality". Human Development. 51 (5/6). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ Thornton, Stephen. "Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN 2161-0002. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
Further reading
- Godfrey-Smith, Peter (2016). Other minds: the octopus, the sea, and the deep origins of consciousness. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. ISBN 9780374227760. OCLC 957696590.
- Inami, Masahiro (August 2001). "The problem of other minds in the Buddhist epistemological tradition". Journal of Indian Philosophy. 29 (4): 465–483. doi:10.1023/A:1013151011789. JSTOR 23496930.
- Avramides, Anita (2001). Other minds. The problems of philosophy. London; New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203870174. ISBN 0415033365. OCLC 44613007.
- Dennett, Daniel C. (2017) [1978]. Brainstorms: philosophical essays on mind and psychology. A Bradford book (40th anniversary ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/11146.001.0001. ISBN 9780262534383. OCLC 988171852.
- Buford, Thomas O., ed. (1970). Essays on other minds. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252001230. OCLC 133061.
- Plantinga, Alvin (1967). God and other minds: a study of the rational justification of belief in God. Contemporary philosophy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. OCLC 383698.
- Wisdom, John (1966) [1952]. Other minds (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. OCLC 1076880.
External links
- Problem of other minds at PhilPapers
- Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). "Other minds". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Problem of other minds at the Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project
- "Problem of other minds". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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