Cecil Burney: Difference between revisions

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In April 1913 [[Montenegro]] seized control of [[Shkodër|Scutari]] in the latest round of hostilities between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and Montenegro during the closing stages of the [[First Balkan War]]. In April 1913 Burney was sent as temporary Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet to [[Bar, Montenegro|Antivari]] on the coast of Montenegro to take command of the international naval force despatched to deal with this situation. On arrival he [[Blockade of Montenegro|blockaded Antivari]] and then also commanded the international force occupying Scutari as part of its transition to Albanian control. He was well rewarded with honours for the success of this mission.
In April 1913 [[Montenegro]] seized control of [[Shkodër|Scutari]] in the latest round of hostilities between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and Montenegro during the closing stages of the [[First Balkan War]]. In April 1913 Burney was sent as temporary Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet to [[Bar, Montenegro|Antivari]] on the coast of Montenegro to take command of the international naval force despatched to deal with this situation. On arrival he [[Blockade of Montenegro|blockaded Antivari]] and then also commanded the international force occupying Scutari as part of its transition to Albanian control. He was well rewarded with honours for the success of this mission.


On the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] Burney became Commander-in-Chief of the [[Channel Fleet]]. In that role he ensured the safe passage of the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War I)|British Expeditionary Force]] to France. He went on to be commander of the [[1st Battle Squadron (United Kingdom)|1st Battle Squadron]] commanding the squadron at the [[Battle of Jutland]] in May 1916, where his flagship [[HMS Marlborough (1912)|HMS ''Marlborough'']] was the first ship to engage the Germans but was later [[torpedo]]ed. He was appointed [[Second Sea Lord]] in November 1916 but removed on the grounds of his age in September 1917 and appointed [[Flag Officer Scotland, Northern England, Northern Ireland|Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland]] instead. He went on to be [[Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth]] after the War.
On the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] Burney became Commander-in-Chief of the [[Channel Fleet]]. In that role he ensured the safe passage of the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War I)|British Expeditionary Force]] to France. He went on to be commander of the [[1st Battle Squadron (United Kingdom)|1st Battle Squadron]] commanding the squadron at the [[Battle of Jutland]] in May 1916, where his flagship {{HMS|Marlborough|1912|6}} was the first ship to engage the Germans but was later [[torpedo]]ed. He was appointed [[Second Sea Lord]] in November 1916 but removed on the grounds of his age in September 1917 and appointed [[Flag Officer Scotland, Northern England, Northern Ireland|Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland]] instead. He went on to be [[Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth]] after the War.


==Early years==
==Early years==
The son of Captain Charles Burney RN and Catherine Elizabeth Burney (née Jones), Burney was born in [[Saint Saviour, Jersey]]. He was educated at [[Burney's Academy|Burney's Royal Naval Academy]], [[Gosport]] and then joined the Royal Navy as a [[cadet]] in the training ship [[HMS Prince of Wales (1860)|HMS ''Britannia'']] in July 1871.<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32192?docPos=1|title=Sir Cecil Burney|year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/32192 |accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> Promoted [[midshipman]] in October 1873, he was assigned to the [[battleship]] [[HMS Repulse (1868)|HMS ''Repulse'']], flagship of the [[Pacific Station]] and, after promotion to [[sub-lieutenant]] on 18 October 1877, he transferred to the [[troopship]] [[HMS Serapis (1866)|HMS ''Serapis'']] in January 1879.<ref name=heath36>Heathcote, p. 36</ref> He joined the [[Royal Yacht]] [[HMY Victoria and Albert (1855)|HMY ''Victoria and Albert'']] in June 1879 and was promoted [[lieutenant]] on 30 August 1879.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24758|page=5309|date=2 September 1879}}</ref>
The son of Captain Charles Burney RN and Catherine Elizabeth Burney (née Jones), Burney was born in [[Saint Saviour, Jersey]]. He was educated at [[Burney's Academy|Burney's Royal Naval Academy]], [[Gosport]] and then joined the Royal Navy as a [[cadet]] in the training ship [[HMS Prince of Wales (1860)|HMS ''Britannia'']] in July 1871.<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32192?docPos=1|title=Sir Cecil Burney|year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/32192 |accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> Promoted [[midshipman]] in October 1873, he was assigned to the [[battleship]] {{HMS|Repulse|1868|6}}, flagship of the [[Pacific Station]] and, after promotion to [[sub-lieutenant]] on 18 October 1877, he transferred to the [[troopship]] {{HMS|Serapis|1866|6}} in January 1879.<ref name=heath36>Heathcote, p. 36</ref> He joined the [[Royal Yacht]] [[HMY Victoria and Albert (1855)|HMY ''Victoria and Albert'']] in June 1879 and was promoted [[lieutenant]] on 30 August 1879.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24758|page=5309|date=2 September 1879}}</ref>


Burney joined the [[corvette]] [[HMS Carysfort (1878)|HMS ''Carysfort'']] in the [[Mediterranean Fleet]] in September 1880 and served ashore in command of a [[Gatling gun]] team as part of a [[naval brigade]] and saw action at the Battle of Tell al-Mahuta in August 1882 and the [[Kassassin|Battle of Kassasin]] also in August 1882 during the [[Anglo-Egyptian War]].<ref name=heath36/> He then also accompanied [[Charles Warren|Sir Charles Warren's]] expedition in pursuit of the murderers of [[Edward Henry Palmer|Professor Edward Palmer]] and his associates.<ref name=heath36/> He went on to serve in operations against [[Osman Digna]] who was threatening [[Suakin]] in Spring 1884 during the [[Mahdist War]].<ref name=heath36/>
Burney joined the [[corvette]] {{HMS|Carysfort|1878|6}} in the [[Mediterranean Fleet]] in September 1880 and served ashore in command of a [[Gatling gun]] team as part of a [[naval brigade]] and saw action at the Battle of Tell al-Mahuta in August 1882 and the [[Kassassin|Battle of Kassasin]] also in August 1882 during the [[Anglo-Egyptian War]].<ref name=heath36/> He then also accompanied [[Charles Warren|Sir Charles Warren's]] expedition in pursuit of the murderers of [[Edward Henry Palmer|Professor Edward Palmer]] and his associates.<ref name=heath36/> He went on to serve in operations against [[Osman Digna]] who was threatening [[Suakin]] in Spring 1884 during the [[Mahdist War]].<ref name=heath36/>


Burney returned to [[Portsmouth]] to attend the gunnery school [[HMS Excellent (shore establishment)|HMS ''Excellent'']] in September 1884 and then joined the staff at the gunnery training ship [[HMS Windsor Castle (1858)|HMS ''Cambridge'']] at [[Devonport, Devon|Devonport]] in June 1886.<ref name=heath36/> He became gunnery officer first in the battleship [[HMS Bellerophon (1865)|HMS ''Bellerophon'']] on the [[North America and West Indies Station]] in August 1887, then in the [[cruiser]] [[HMS Comus (1878)|HMS ''Comus'']] on the same station in April 1889 and finally in the [[armored cruiser|armoured cruiser]] [[HMS Immortalité (1887)|HMS ''Immortalité'']] in the [[Channel Fleet|Channel Squadron]] in January 1892.<ref name=heath36/> Promoted [[commander]] on 1 January 1893,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26359|page=2|date=2 January 1893}}</ref> he became Executive Officer in the [[cruiser]] [[HMS Hawke (1891)|HMS ''Hawke'']] in the Mediterranean Fleet in May 1893.<ref name=heath36/> In January 1896 he went on to be [[commanding officer]] of the boys' training establishment at [[Isle of Portland|Portland]] first in the training ship [[HMS Boscawen (1844)|HMS ''Boscawen'']] and then in the training ship [[HMS Minotaur (1863)|HMS ''Minotaur'']] and was promoted [[Captain (Royal Navy)|captain]] on 1 January 1898.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26924|page=7854|date=31 December 1897}}</ref>
Burney returned to [[Portsmouth]] to attend the gunnery school [[HMS Excellent (shore establishment)|HMS ''Excellent'']] in September 1884 and then joined the staff at the gunnery training ship [[HMS Windsor Castle (1858)|HMS ''Cambridge'']] at [[Devonport, Devon|Devonport]] in June 1886.<ref name=heath36/> He became gunnery officer first in the battleship {{HMS|Bellerophon|1865|6}} on the [[North America and West Indies Station]] in August 1887, then in the [[cruiser]] {{HMS|Comus|1878|6}} on the same station in April 1889 and finally in the [[armored cruiser|armoured cruiser]] [[HMS Immortalité (1887)|HMS ''Immortalité'']] in the [[Channel Fleet|Channel Squadron]] in January 1892.<ref name=heath36/> Promoted [[commander]] on 1 January 1893,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26359|page=2|date=2 January 1893}}</ref> he became executive officer in the [[cruiser]] {{HMS|Hawke|1891|6}} in the Mediterranean Fleet in May 1893.<ref name=heath36/> In January 1896 he went on to be [[commanding officer]] of the boys' training establishment at [[Isle of Portland|Portland]] first in the training ship {{HMS|Boscawen|1844|6}} and then in the training ship {{HMS|Minotaur|1863|6}} and was promoted [[Captain (Royal Navy)|captain]] on 1 January 1898.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26924|page=7854|date=31 December 1897}}</ref>


In September 1899 Burney took command of his old ship HMS ''Hawke'' and in 1900 became the captain of cruiser [[HMS Sappho (1891)|HMS ''Sappho'']], initially on the North American Station, but soon transferred to the [[Cape of Good Hope Station]] for operational service in the [[Second Boer War]].<ref name=heath36/> HMS ''Sappho'' struck the [[Durban]] [[shoal|bar]] on 3 May 1901, although she was under the command of a [[Maritime pilot|pilot]] at the time and Burney was not to blame, and returned to the United Kingdom for repairs.<ref name=heath36/> On 27 May 1902 he was appointed in command of the [[pre-dreadnought battleship]] [[HMS Resolution (1892)|HMS ''Resolution'']],<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=3 May 1902 |page=14 |issue=36758}}</ref> as [[Flag Captain]] to Rear-Admiral [[George Atkinson-Willes]], Second-in-Command of the [[Home Fleet]], during the [[Coronation Review]] for King [[Edward VII]]. The following month, he was on 16 September appointed in command of [[HMS Empress of India (1891)|HMS ''Empress of India'']] in the same capacity,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=27 August 1902 |page=4 |issue=36857}}</ref> and he remained with Atkinson-Willes' successor Rear-Admiral [[Edmund Poë]] until June 1904.<ref name=odnb/> He became commanding officer of the battleship [[HMS Triumph (1903)|HMS ''Triumph'']] in the Home Fleet in June 1904 and commanding officer of the training establishment [[HMS Impregnable (training establishment 1862)|HMS ''Impregnable'']] as inspecting captain of boys' training ships in July 1905.<ref name=heath37>Heathcote, p. 37</ref> He became a naval [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Edward VII|the King]] on 17 October 1906.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27959|page=7017|date=19 October 1906}}</ref>
In September 1899 Burney took command of his old ship HMS ''Hawke'' and in 1900 became the captain of cruiser {{HMS|Sappho|1891|6}}, initially on the North American Station, but soon transferred to the [[Cape of Good Hope Station]] for operational service in the [[Second Boer War]].<ref name=heath36/> HMS ''Sappho'' struck the [[Durban]] [[shoal|bar]] on 3 May 1901, although she was under the command of a [[Maritime pilot|pilot]] at the time and Burney was not to blame, and returned to the United Kingdom for repairs.<ref name=heath36/> On 27 May 1902 he was appointed in command of the [[pre-dreadnought battleship]] {{HMS|Resolution|1892|6}},<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=3 May 1902 |page=14 |issue=36758}}</ref> as [[Flag Captain]] to Rear-Admiral [[George Atkinson-Willes]], Second-in-Command of the [[Home Fleet]], during the [[Coronation Review]] for King [[Edward VII]]. The following month, he was on 16 September appointed in command of [[HMS Empress of India (1891)|HMS ''Empress of India'']] in the same capacity,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=27 August 1902 |page=4 |issue=36857}}</ref> and he remained with Atkinson-Willes' successor Rear-Admiral [[Edmund Poë]] until June 1904.<ref name=odnb/> He became commanding officer of the battleship {{HMS|Triumph|1903|6}} in the Home Fleet in June 1904 and commanding officer of the training establishment [[HMS Impregnable (training establishment 1862)|HMS ''Impregnable'']] as inspecting captain of boys' training ships in July 1905.<ref name=heath37>Heathcote, p. 37</ref> He became a naval [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Edward VII|the King]] on 17 October 1906.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27959|page=7017|date=19 October 1906}}</ref>


Promoted [[rear-admiral]] on 10 October 1907,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28068|page=6813|date=11 October 1907}}</ref> Burney was given command of the Plymouth Division of the Home Fleet.<ref name=odnb/> He became commander of the 5th Cruiser Squadron in the [[Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)|Atlantic Fleet]], with his flag in the armoured cruiser [[HMS Good Hope (1901)|HMS ''Good Hope'']], in February 1911 and Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet with his flag in the battleship [[HMS Prince of Wales (1902)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']] and with the rank of acting [[vice-admiral]], in September 1911.<ref name=heath37/> He transferred to the command of the [[3rd Battle Squadron (United Kingdom)|3rd Battle Squadron]] in the Mediterranean Fleet, with his flag in the battleship [[HMS King Edward VII|HMS ''King Edward VII'']], in April 1912 and was promoted to the substantive rank of vice-admiral on 20 September 1912.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28647|page=7022|date=24 September 1912}}</ref>
Promoted [[rear-admiral]] on 10 October 1907,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28068|page=6813|date=11 October 1907}}</ref> Burney was given command of the Plymouth Division of the Home Fleet.<ref name=odnb/> He became commander of the 5th Cruiser Squadron in the [[Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)|Atlantic Fleet]], with his flag in the armoured cruiser {{HMS|Good Hope|1901|6}}, in February 1911 and Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet with his flag in the battleship [[HMS Prince of Wales (1902)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']] and with the rank of acting [[vice-admiral]], in September 1911.<ref name=heath37/> He transferred to the command of the [[3rd Battle Squadron (United Kingdom)|3rd Battle Squadron]] in the Mediterranean Fleet, with his flag in the battleship {{HMS|King Edward VII}}, in April 1912 and was promoted to the substantive rank of vice-admiral on 20 September 1912.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28647|page=7022|date=24 September 1912}}</ref>


==First Balkan War==
==First Balkan War==
[[File:London Peace Treaty Signing 30 May 1913.jpg|thumb|left|The [[London Conference of 1912–13|London Conference]] which led to Burney being despatched to the Balkans to keep the Peace]]
[[File:London Peace Treaty Signing 30 May 1913.jpg|thumb|left|The [[London Conference of 1912–13|London Conference]] which led to Burney being despatched to the Balkans to keep the Peace]]
In April 1913 [[Montenegro]] seized control of [[Shkodër|Scutari]] in the latest round of hostilities between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and Montenegro during the closing stages of the [[First Balkan War]]. The view taken at the [[London Conference of 1912–13|London Conference]] was that Scutari should be handed over to Albania. In April 1913 Burney was sent as temporary Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, flying his flag in the cruiser [[HMS Dublin (1912)|HMS ''Dublin'']], to [[Bar, Montenegro|Antivari]] on the coast of Montenegro to take command of the international naval force despatched to deal with this situation. On arrival he [[Blockade of Montenegro|blockaded Antivari]] and then, from May to November 1913, also commanded the international force occupying Scutari as part of its transition to Albanian control.<ref name=heath37/> For his very successful handling of this situation he was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] (KCB) on 3 June 1913<ref name=kcb>{{London Gazette|issue=28724|page=3903|date=30 May 1913}}</ref> and appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (KCMG) on 27 October 1913.<ref name=kcmg>{{London Gazette|issue=28770|page=7674|date=4 November 1913}}</ref>
In April 1913 [[Montenegro]] seized control of [[Shkodër|Scutari]] in the latest round of hostilities between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and Montenegro during the closing stages of the [[First Balkan War]]. The view taken at the [[London Conference of 1912–13|London Conference]] was that Scutari should be handed over to Albania. In April 1913 Burney was sent as temporary Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, flying his flag in the cruiser {{HMS|Dublin|1912|6}}, to [[Bar, Montenegro|Antivari]] on the coast of Montenegro to take command of the international naval force despatched to deal with this situation. On arrival he [[Blockade of Montenegro|blockaded Antivari]] and then, from May to November 1913, also commanded the international force occupying Scutari as part of its transition to Albanian control.<ref name=heath37/> For his very successful handling of this situation he was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] (KCB) on 3 June 1913<ref name=kcb>{{London Gazette|issue=28724|page=3903|date=30 May 1913}}</ref> and appointed [[Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (KCMG) on 27 October 1913.<ref name=kcmg>{{London Gazette|issue=28770|page=7674|date=4 November 1913}}</ref>


==First World War==
==First World War==
[[File:HMS Marlborough (1912).jpg|right|thumb|The battleship [[HMS Marlborough (1912)|HMS ''Marlborough'']], Burney's flagship at the Battle of Jutland]]
[[File:HMS Marlborough (1912).jpg|right|thumb|The battleship {{HMS|Marlborough|1912|6}}, Burney's flagship at the Battle of Jutland]]
Burney returned to England and took command of the [[Second Fleet (United Kingdom)|Second Fleet]] and [[Third Fleet (United Kingdom)|Third Fleet]], with his flag in the battleship [[HMS Queen (1902)|HMS ''Queen'']] in December 1913 and then in the battleship [[HMS Lord Nelson (1906)|HMS ''Lord Nelson'']] in July 1914.<ref name=heath37/> On the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] in August 1914 these fleets were combined into the [[Channel Fleet]] with Burney in command.<ref name=heath37/> In that role he ensured the safe passage of the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War I)|British Expeditionary Force]] to France in October 1914.<ref name=heath37/> He went on to be commander of the [[1st Battle Squadron (United Kingdom)|1st Battle Squadron]] as well as second-in-command of the [[Grand Fleet]] with his flag in the battleship [[HMS Marlborough (1912)|HMS ''Marlborough'']] in December 1914.<ref name=heath37/> He commanded the squadron at the [[Battle of Jutland]] in May 1916, where his flagship HMS ''Marlborough'' was the first ship to engage the Germans but was later [[torpedo]]ed, necessitating the transfer of his [[flag officer|flag]] to the battleship [[HMS Revenge (06)|HMS ''Revenge'']].<ref name=heath37/> Promoted full [[admiral]] on 9 June 1916,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29621|supp=y|page=5828|date=13 June 1916}}</ref> he was appointed [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (GCMG) on 15 September 1916.<ref name=gcmg>{{London Gazette|issue=29751|supp=y|page=9071|date=15 September 1916}}</ref>
Burney returned to England and took command of the [[Second Fleet (United Kingdom)|Second Fleet]] and [[Third Fleet (United Kingdom)|Third Fleet]], with his flag in the battleship {{HMS|Queen|1902|6}} in December 1913 and then in the battleship {{HMS|Lord Nelson|1906|6}} in July 1914.<ref name=heath37/> On the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] in August 1914 these fleets were combined into the [[Channel Fleet]] with Burney in command.<ref name=heath37/> In that role he ensured the safe passage of the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War I)|British Expeditionary Force]] to France in October 1914.<ref name=heath37/> He went on to be commander of the [[1st Battle Squadron (United Kingdom)|1st Battle Squadron]] as well as second-in-command of the [[Grand Fleet]] with his flag in the battleship {{HMS|Marlborough|1912|6}} in December 1914.<ref name=heath37/> He commanded the squadron at the [[Battle of Jutland]] in May 1916, where his flagship HMS ''Marlborough'' was the first ship to engage the Germans but was later [[torpedo]]ed, necessitating the transfer of his [[flag officer|flag]] to the battleship {{HMS|Revenge|06|6}}.<ref name=heath37/> Promoted full [[admiral]] on 9 June 1916,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29621|supp=y|page=5828|date=13 June 1916}}</ref> he was appointed [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (GCMG) on 15 September 1916.<ref name=gcmg>{{London Gazette|issue=29751|supp=y|page=9071|date=15 September 1916}}</ref>
[[File:Cecil Burney (sketch by Dodd).jpg|upright|thumb|A 1917 portrait of Cecil Burney by [[Francis Dodd (artist)|Francis Dodd]].]]
[[File:Cecil Burney (sketch by Dodd).jpg|upright|thumb|A 1917 portrait of Cecil Burney by [[Francis Dodd (artist)|Francis Dodd]].]]


Revision as of 16:11, 18 February 2023

For the British businessman and Zambian politician, see Cecil Dennistoun Burney.

Sir Cecil Burney, Bt
Sir Cecil Burney
Born(1858-05-15)15 May 1858
Saint Saviour, Jersey
Died5 June 1929(1929-06-05) (aged 71)
Upham, Hampshire
Buried
Brookwood Cemetery
AllegianceUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
Service/branch Royal Navy
Years of service1871–1925
RankAdmiral of the Fleet
Commands heldHMS Boscawen
HMS Minotaur
HMS Hawke
HMS Sappho
HMS Resolution
HMS Empress of India
HMS Triumph
HMS Impregnable
Plymouth Division of the Home Fleet
5th Cruiser Squadron
Atlantic Fleet
3rd Battle Squadron
Second Fleet and Third Fleet
Channel Fleet
1st Battle Squadron
Coast of Scotland
Portsmouth Command
Battles/warsAnglo-Egyptian War
Mahdist War
Second Boer War
First Balkan War
World War I
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Cecil Burney, 1st Baronet, GCB, GCMG, DL (15 May 1858 – 5 June 1929) was a Royal Navy officer. After seeing action as a junior office in naval brigades during both the Anglo-Egyptian War and the Mahdist War, he commanded a cruiser in operational service during the Second Boer War. As a flag officer he commanded the Plymouth Division of the Home Fleet, the 5th Cruiser Squadron, the Atlantic Fleet and then the 3rd Battle Squadron.

In April 1913 Montenegro seized control of Scutari in the latest round of hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and Montenegro during the closing stages of the First Balkan War. In April 1913 Burney was sent as temporary Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet to Antivari on the coast of Montenegro to take command of the international naval force despatched to deal with this situation. On arrival he blockaded Antivari and then also commanded the international force occupying Scutari as part of its transition to Albanian control. He was well rewarded with honours for the success of this mission.

On the outbreak of the First World War Burney became Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Fleet. In that role he ensured the safe passage of the British Expeditionary Force to France. He went on to be commander of the 1st Battle Squadron commanding the squadron at the Battle of Jutland in May 1916, where his flagship HMS Marlborough was the first ship to engage the Germans but was later torpedoed. He was appointed Second Sea Lord in November 1916 but removed on the grounds of his age in September 1917 and appointed Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland instead. He went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth after the War.

Early years

The son of Captain Charles Burney RN and Catherine Elizabeth Burney (née Jones), Burney was born in Saint Saviour, Jersey. He was educated at Burney's Royal Naval Academy, Gosport and then joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in the training ship HMS Britannia in July 1871.[1] Promoted midshipman in October 1873, he was assigned to the battleship HMS Repulse, flagship of the Pacific Station and, after promotion to sub-lieutenant on 18 October 1877, he transferred to the troopship HMS Serapis in January 1879.[2] He joined the Royal Yacht HMY Victoria and Albert in June 1879 and was promoted lieutenant on 30 August 1879.[3]

Burney joined the corvette HMS Carysfort in the Mediterranean Fleet in September 1880 and served ashore in command of a Gatling gun team as part of a naval brigade and saw action at the Battle of Tell al-Mahuta in August 1882 and the Battle of Kassasin also in August 1882 during the Anglo-Egyptian War.[2] He then also accompanied Sir Charles Warren's expedition in pursuit of the murderers of Professor Edward Palmer and his associates.[2] He went on to serve in operations against Osman Digna who was threatening Suakin in Spring 1884 during the Mahdist War.[2]

Burney returned to Portsmouth to attend the gunnery school HMS Excellent in September 1884 and then joined the staff at the gunnery training ship HMS Cambridge at Devonport in June 1886.[2] He became gunnery officer first in the battleship HMS Bellerophon on the North America and West Indies Station in August 1887, then in the cruiser HMS Comus on the same station in April 1889 and finally in the armoured cruiser HMS Immortalité in the Channel Squadron in January 1892.[2] Promoted commander on 1 January 1893,[4] he became executive officer in the cruiser HMS Hawke in the Mediterranean Fleet in May 1893.[2] In January 1896 he went on to be commanding officer of the boys' training establishment at Portland first in the training ship HMS Boscawen and then in the training ship HMS Minotaur and was promoted captain on 1 January 1898.[5]

In September 1899 Burney took command of his old ship HMS Hawke and in 1900 became the captain of cruiser HMS Sappho, initially on the North American Station, but soon transferred to the Cape of Good Hope Station for operational service in the Second Boer War.[2] HMS Sappho struck the Durban bar on 3 May 1901, although she was under the command of a pilot at the time and Burney was not to blame, and returned to the United Kingdom for repairs.[2] On 27 May 1902 he was appointed in command of the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Resolution,[6] as Flag Captain to Rear-Admiral George Atkinson-Willes, Second-in-Command of the Home Fleet, during the Coronation Review for King Edward VII. The following month, he was on 16 September appointed in command of HMS Empress of India in the same capacity,[7] and he remained with Atkinson-Willes' successor Rear-Admiral Edmund Poë until June 1904.[1] He became commanding officer of the battleship HMS Triumph in the Home Fleet in June 1904 and commanding officer of the training establishment HMS Impregnable as inspecting captain of boys' training ships in July 1905.[8] He became a naval aide-de-camp to the King on 17 October 1906.[9]

Promoted rear-admiral on 10 October 1907,[10] Burney was given command of the Plymouth Division of the Home Fleet.[1] He became commander of the 5th Cruiser Squadron in the Atlantic Fleet, with his flag in the armoured cruiser HMS Good Hope, in February 1911 and Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet with his flag in the battleship HMS Prince of Wales and with the rank of acting vice-admiral, in September 1911.[8] He transferred to the command of the 3rd Battle Squadron in the Mediterranean Fleet, with his flag in the battleship HMS King Edward VII, in April 1912 and was promoted to the substantive rank of vice-admiral on 20 September 1912.[11]

First Balkan War

The London Conference which led to Burney being despatched to the Balkans to keep the Peace

In April 1913 Montenegro seized control of Scutari in the latest round of hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and Montenegro during the closing stages of the First Balkan War. The view taken at the London Conference was that Scutari should be handed over to Albania. In April 1913 Burney was sent as temporary Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, flying his flag in the cruiser HMS Dublin, to Antivari on the coast of Montenegro to take command of the international naval force despatched to deal with this situation. On arrival he blockaded Antivari and then, from May to November 1913, also commanded the international force occupying Scutari as part of its transition to Albanian control.[8] For his very successful handling of this situation he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) on 3 June 1913[12] and appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) on 27 October 1913.[13]

First World War

The battleship HMS Marlborough, Burney's flagship at the Battle of Jutland

Burney returned to England and took command of the Second Fleet and Third Fleet, with his flag in the battleship HMS Queen in December 1913 and then in the battleship HMS Lord Nelson in July 1914.[8] On the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914 these fleets were combined into the Channel Fleet with Burney in command.[8] In that role he ensured the safe passage of the British Expeditionary Force to France in October 1914.[8] He went on to be commander of the 1st Battle Squadron as well as second-in-command of the Grand Fleet with his flag in the battleship HMS Marlborough in December 1914.[8] He commanded the squadron at the Battle of Jutland in May 1916, where his flagship HMS Marlborough was the first ship to engage the Germans but was later torpedoed, necessitating the transfer of his flag to the battleship HMS Revenge.[8] Promoted full admiral on 9 June 1916,[14] he was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) on 15 September 1916.[15]

A 1917 portrait of Cecil Burney by Francis Dodd.

Burney was appointed Second Sea Lord in November 1916. However, in September 1917 he was removed, despite the opposition of First Sea Lord Sir John Jellicoe, on the insistence of both the Prime Minister David Lloyd George and the First Lord of the Admiralty Eric Geddes, who wanted a younger man in the post. Burney became Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland instead in October 1917.[16]

Post-war career

Burney became Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth in March 1919.[16] He became a Deputy Lieutenant of Southampton on 5 May 1920.[17] He was also promoted Admiral of the Fleet on 24 November 1920,[18] created a baronet in the 1921 New Year Honours,[19][20] and appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the 1922 New Year Honours.[21] He officially retired on 24 November 1925,[22] died at his home at Upham in Hampshire on 5 June 1929 and was buried at Brookwood Cemetery.[16]

Family

In 1884 Burney married Lucinda Burnett; they had two daughters, and a son.[2] His son Dennistoun Burney became a marine and aeronautical engineer, and his daughter Sybil Katherine Neville-Rolfe was founder of the Eugenics Society.[1]

Honours

Burney's honours included:

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Sir Cecil Burney". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32192. Retrieved 13 December 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Heathcote, p. 36
  3. ^ "No. 24758". The London Gazette. 2 September 1879. p. 5309.
  4. ^ "No. 26359". The London Gazette. 2 January 1893. p. 2.
  5. ^ "No. 26924". The London Gazette. 31 December 1897. p. 7854.
  6. ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36758. London. 3 May 1902. p. 14.
  7. ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36857. London. 27 August 1902. p. 4.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Heathcote, p. 37
  9. ^ "No. 27959". The London Gazette. 19 October 1906. p. 7017.
  10. ^ "No. 28068". The London Gazette. 11 October 1907. p. 6813.
  11. ^ "No. 28647". The London Gazette. 24 September 1912. p. 7022.
  12. ^ a b "No. 28724". The London Gazette. 30 May 1913. p. 3903.
  13. ^ a b "No. 28770". The London Gazette. 4 November 1913. p. 7674.
  14. ^ "No. 29621". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 June 1916. p. 5828.
  15. ^ a b "No. 29751". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 September 1916. p. 9071.
  16. ^ a b c Heathcore, p. 38
  17. ^ "No. 31894". The London Gazette. 11 May 1920. p. 5362.
  18. ^ "No. 32150". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 December 1920. p. 11942.
  19. ^ "No. 32178". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1921. p. 2.
  20. ^ "No. 32262". The London Gazette. 18 March 1921. pp. 2218–2219.
  21. ^ a b "No. 32563". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1921. p. 10712.
  22. ^ "No. 33110". The London Gazette. 1 December 1925. p. 7950.
  23. ^ "No. 29751". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 September 1916. p. 9081.
  24. ^ "No. 30116". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 June 1917. p. 5591.
  25. ^ "No. 30227". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 August 1917. p. 8208.
  26. ^ "No. 30258". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 August 1917. p. 8989.
  27. ^ "No. 31038". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 November 1918. p. 14092.
  28. ^ "No. 31553". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 September 1919. p. 11582.
  29. ^ "No. 31748". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 January 1920. p. 949.

Sources

  • Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.

External links

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Military offices
Preceded by Vice-Admiral Commanding, Atlantic Fleet
1911–1912 		Succeeded by
Post abolished
Preceded by Vice-Admiral Commanding 3rd Battle Squadron
1912–1913 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Vice-Admiral Commanding 2nd and 3rd Fleets/Channel Fleet
1913–1914 		Succeeded by
Unknown
Preceded by Vice-Admiral Commanding 1st Battle Squadron
1914–1916 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Second Sea Lord
1916–1917 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland
1917–1919 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
1919–1920 		Succeeded by
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New title Baronet
(of Preston Candover)
1921–1929 		Succeeded by
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