Panperissodactyla: Difference between revisions
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Hemiauchenia (talk | contribs) Reading the visual abstract at http://www.benjamin-burger.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/SVP-Poster-Ben-Burger-2015.pdf , nothing suggests that Burger's results support a close relationship between Dinocerata and Perissodactyla |
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Mesaxonia was originally coined by [[Othniel Charles Marsh]] in 1884, as equivalent to the modern Perissodactyla. [[Richard Owen]]'s original definition of Perissodactyla included the modern members in addition to the now known to be unrelated [[Hyracoidea]]. The name Mesaxonia was resurrected by Martin S. Fischer in 1989 as a replacement for Perissodactyla. Two partial equivalents have been coined for the clade, Panperissodactyla coined in 2015 for the group containing Notoungulata, Litopterna and Perissodactyla, and Perissodactylamorpha, coined in 2020 for the group containing Perissodactyla and Anthracobunia. The coiners of Perissodactylamorpha suggested that Anthracobunia is likely to be more closely related to Perissodactyla than Litopterna or Notoungulata are, nesting Perissodactylamorpha within Panperissodactyla.<ref name=":0" /> |
Mesaxonia was originally coined by [[Othniel Charles Marsh]] in 1884, as equivalent to the modern Perissodactyla. [[Richard Owen]]'s original definition of Perissodactyla included the modern members in addition to the now known to be unrelated [[Hyracoidea]]. The name Mesaxonia was resurrected by Martin S. Fischer in 1989 as a replacement for Perissodactyla. Two partial equivalents have been coined for the clade, Panperissodactyla coined in 2015 for the group containing Notoungulata, Litopterna and Perissodactyla, and Perissodactylamorpha, coined in 2020 for the group containing Perissodactyla and Anthracobunia. The coiners of Perissodactylamorpha suggested that Anthracobunia is likely to be more closely related to Perissodactyla than Litopterna or Notoungulata are, nesting Perissodactylamorpha within Panperissodactyla.<ref name=":0" /> |
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*'''Mesaxonia''' |
*'''Mesaxonia''' |
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**†[[Dinocerata]]?<ref name="ReferenceA">BURGER, Benjamin J., THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE SABER-TOOTHED AND HORNED GIANTS OF THE EOCENE: THE UINTATHERES (ORDER DINOCERATA), Utah State University Uintah Basin Campus, Vernal, UT, United States of America, 84078, SVP 2015</ref> |
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**†[[Phenacodontidae]]?<ref name="WelkerCollins2015" /> |
**†[[Phenacodontidae]]?<ref name="WelkerCollins2015" /> |
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**†'''Anthracobunia''' |
**†'''Anthracobunia''' |
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Revision as of 23:29, 15 September 2023
| Mesaxonia Temporal range:
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| Clockwise from left: plains zebra (Equus quagga), Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) and Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) | |
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| Macrauchenia patachonica | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Mirorder: | Euungulata |
| Clade: | Mesaxonia Marsh, 1884[1] |
| Subgroups | |
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Mesaxonia also known by its equivalents Panperissodactyla and Perissodactylamorpha is a clade of ungulates containing all ungulates more closely related to living Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) than to Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates).[6] Groups thought to belong to this clade include Anthracobunia known from the Paleogene of the Indian subcontinent,[6][3] as well as the South American native ungulate groups Litopterna and Notoungulata. Other South American native ungulate groups also possibly belong to the clade, but their placement is uncertain.[7] The enigmatic aquatic Desmostylia have also been suggested to be related to perissodactyls in some studies, though others recover them as more closely related to Afrotheria.[8] The Northern Hemisphere "condylarth" group Phenacodontidae has been placed as closely related to perissodactyls in some studies, though others recover it as unrelated.[5]
Classification
Mesaxonia was originally coined by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1884, as equivalent to the modern Perissodactyla. Richard Owen's original definition of Perissodactyla included the modern members in addition to the now known to be unrelated Hyracoidea. The name Mesaxonia was resurrected by Martin S. Fischer in 1989 as a replacement for Perissodactyla. Two partial equivalents have been coined for the clade, Panperissodactyla coined in 2015 for the group containing Notoungulata, Litopterna and Perissodactyla, and Perissodactylamorpha, coined in 2020 for the group containing Perissodactyla and Anthracobunia. The coiners of Perissodactylamorpha suggested that Anthracobunia is likely to be more closely related to Perissodactyla than Litopterna or Notoungulata are, nesting Perissodactylamorpha within Panperissodactyla.[6]
- Mesaxonia
- †Phenacodontidae?[5]
- †Anthracobunia
- †Desmostylia?[3][4]
- †Litopterna[5]
- †Notoungulata[5]
- Perissodactyla
References
- ^ "Mesaxonia". Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database.
- ^ BURGER, Benjamin J., THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE SABER-TOOTHED AND HORNED GIANTS OF THE EOCENE: THE UINTATHERES (ORDER DINOCERATA), Utah State University Uintah Basin Campus, Vernal, UT, United States of America, 84078, SVP 2015
- ^ a b c d e f g Cooper, L. N.; Seiffert, E. R.; Clementz, M.; Madar, S. I.; Bajpai, S.; Hussain, S. T.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2014-10-08). "Anthracobunids from the Middle Eocene of India and Pakistan Are Stem Perissodactyls". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e109232. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j9232C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109232. PMC 4189980. PMID 25295875.
- ^ a b Qiu, L. (2014-10-08). "Ancient "Oddball" Mammal Reshuffles Family Tree?". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2014-10-11. Retrieved 2014-10-11.
- ^ a b c d e Welker, Frido; Collins, Matthew J.; Thomas, Jessica A.; Wadsley, Marc; Brace, Selina; Cappellini, Enrico; Turvey, Samuel T.; Reguero, Marcelo; Gelfo, Javier N. (March 18, 2015). "Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin/'s South American ungulates". Nature. 522 (7554): 81–84. Bibcode:2015Natur.522...81W. doi:10.1038/nature14249. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25799987. S2CID 4467386.
- ^ a b c Rose, Kenneth D.; Holbrook, Luke T.; Kumar, Kishor; Rana, Rajendra S.; Ahrens, Heather E.; Dunn, Rachel H.; Folie, Annelise; Jones, Katrina E.; Smith, Thierry (2019-11-11). "Anatomy, Relationships, and Paleobiology of Cambaytherium (Mammalia, Perissodactylamorpha, Anthracobunia) from the lower Eocene of western India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (sup1): 1–147. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39S...1R. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1761370. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 226263139.
- ^ Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Macphee, Ross D. E. (March 2023). "Did some extinct South American native ungulates arise from an afrothere ancestor? A critical appraisal of Avilla and Mothé's (2021) Sudamericungulata – Panameridiungulata hypothesis". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 30 (1): 67–77. doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09633-5. ISSN 1064-7554. S2CID 253433775.
- ^ Matsui, Kumiko; Tsuihiji, Takanobu (2019-10-17). "The phylogeny of desmostylians revisited: proposal of new clades based on robust phylogenetic hypotheses". PeerJ. 7: e7430. doi:10.7717/peerj.7430. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6800978. PMID 31637114.