Atelestidae: Difference between revisions

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| authority = [[Willi Hennig|Hennig]], 1970
| authority = [[Willi Hennig|Hennig]], 1970
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genera]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genera]]
| subdivision = * ''[[Acarteroptera]]''
| subdivision =
* ''[[Acarteroptera]]''
* ''[[Alavesia]]'' <small>Waters and Arillo 1999</small>
* ''[[Alavesia]]'' <small>Waters and Arillo 1999</small>
* ''[[Atelestus]]'' <small>[[Francis Walker (entomologist)|Walker]], 1837 </small>
* ''[[Atelestus]]'' <small>[[Francis Walker (entomologist)|Walker]], 1837 </small>
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* ''[[Nemedina]]''
* ''[[Nemedina]]''
}}
}}

'''Atelestidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[Diptera|true flies]] in the [[Taxonomic rank|superfamily]] [[Empidoidea]]. The four [[genera]] were placed in a separate family in 1983;<ref>Chvála (1983)</ref> they were formerly either in [[Platypezidae]] (which are not even particularly closely related) or considered ''[[incertae cedis]]''. While they are doubtless the most [[basal (evolution)|basal]] of the living Empidoidea, the [[monophyly]] of the family is not fully proven.<ref>Moulton & Wiegmann (2007)</ref> The [[genus]] ''[[Nemedina]]'' seems to represent a most ancient lineage among the entire superfamily, while ''[[Meghyperus]]'' is probably not monophyletic in its present delimitation, and it is liable to be split up eventually, with some species being placed elsewhere.<ref>ToL (2007)</ref> In 2010, the genus ''[[Alavesia]]'', previously only known from Cretaceous fossils, was found alive in Namibia<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sinclair|first=Bradley J.|last2=Kirk-Spriggs|first2=Ashley H.|date=April 2010|title=Alavesia Waters and Arillo-a Cretaceous-era genus discovered extant on the Brandberg Massif, Namibia (Diptera: Atelestidae)|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00506.x|journal=Systematic Entomology|language=en|volume=35|issue=2|pages=268–276|doi=10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00506.x}}</ref>, subsequent species were also described from Brazil.
'''Atelestidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[Diptera|true flies]] in the [[Taxonomic rank|superfamily]] [[Empidoidea]]. The four [[genera]] were placed in a separate family in 1983;<ref>Chvála (1983)</ref> they were formerly either in [[Platypezidae]] (which are not even particularly closely related) or considered ''[[incertae sedis]]''. While they are doubtless the most [[basal (evolution)|basal]] of the living Empidoidea, the [[monophyly]] of the family is not fully proven.<ref>Moulton & Wiegmann (2007)</ref> The [[genus]] ''[[Nemedina]]'' seems to represent a most ancient lineage among the entire superfamily, while ''[[Meghyperus]]'' is probably not monophyletic in its present delimitation, and it is liable to be split up eventually, with some species being placed elsewhere.<ref>ToL (2007)</ref> In 2010, the genus ''[[Alavesia]]'', previously only known from Cretaceous fossils, was found alive in Namibia<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sinclair|first=Bradley J.|last2=Kirk-Spriggs|first2=Ashley H.|date=April 2010|title=Alavesia Waters and Arillo-a Cretaceous-era genus discovered extant on the Brandberg Massif, Namibia (Diptera: Atelestidae)|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00506.x|journal=Systematic Entomology|language=en|volume=35|issue=2|pages=268–276|doi=10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00506.x}}</ref>, subsequent species were also described from Brazil.


Atelestidae has been shown to form the sister group to the remaining members of the Empidoidea superfamily. Subfamilies include [[Atelestinae]] and [[Nemedininae]].<ref name="w+j2018">Wahlberg & Johanson (2018)</ref>
Atelestidae has been shown to form the sister group to the remaining members of the Empidoidea superfamily. Subfamilies include [[Atelestinae]] and [[Nemedininae]].<ref name="w+j2018">Wahlberg & Johanson (2018)</ref>

==Description==
==Description==
[[File:Atelestidae wing (Atelestus pulicarius).png|thumb|Right wing of ''Atelestus pulicarius'', showing humeral crossvein (h), radial sector (R<sub>s</sub>), costa and first and second medial vein (M<sub>1+2</sub>).<ref name="w+j2018" />]]
[[File:Atelestidae wing (Atelestus pulicarius).png|thumb|Right wing of ''Atelestus pulicarius'', showing humeral crossvein (h), radial sector (R<sub>s</sub>), costa and first and second medial vein (M<sub>1+2</sub>).<ref name="w+j2018" />]]
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=== Genera ===
=== Genera ===


* Subfamily Atelestinae Hennig 1970
* Subfamily Atelestinae <small>Hennig 1970</small>
**''[[Acarteroptera]]'' Collin, 1933 Chile, Recent
**''[[Acarteroptera]]'' <small>Collin, 1933</small> Chile, Recent
**''[[Alavesia]]'' Waters and Arillo 1999 [[Spanish amber]], [[Albian]], [[Burmese amber]], [[Cenomanian]] Namibia, Brazil, Recent
**''[[Alavesia]]'' <small>Waters & Arillo, 1999</small> [[Spanish amber]], [[Albian]], [[Burmese amber]], [[Cenomanian]] Namibia, Brazil, Recent
**†''[[Atelestites]]'' Grimaldi and Cumming 1999 [[Lebanese amber]], [[Barremian]]
**†''[[Atelestites]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> [[Lebanese amber]], [[Barremian]]
**''[[Atelestus]]'' Walker, 1837 Palearctic, Recent
**''[[Atelestus]]'' <small>Walker, 1837</small> Palearctic, Recent
** †''[[Dianafranksia]]'' Coram et al. 2000 [[Lulworth Formation]], United Kingdom, [[Berriasian]]
** †''[[Dianafranksia]]'' <small>Coram et al., 2000</small> [[Lulworth Formation]], United Kingdom, [[Berriasian]]
** †''[[Kurnubempis]]'' Kaddumi 2007 [[Jordanian amber]], Albian
** †''[[Kurnubempis]]'' <small>Kaddumi, 2007</small> [[Jordanian amber]], Albian
** ''[[Meghyperus]]'' Loew, 1850 Palearctic, Nearctic, Recent
** ''[[Meghyperus]]'' <small>Loew, 1850</small> Palearctic, Nearctic, Recent
* Subfamily Nemedininae Sinclair and Cumming 2006
* Subfamily Nemedininae <small>Sinclair & Cumming, 2006</small>
** †''[[Cretodromia]]'' Grimaldi and Cumming 1999 [[Canadian amber]], [[Campanian]]
** †''[[Cretodromia]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> [[Canadian amber]], [[Campanian]]
**''[[Nemedina]]'' Chandler, 1981 [[Baltic amber]], [[Eocene]], Palearctic, Recent
**''[[Nemedina]]'' <small>Chandler, 1981</small> [[Baltic amber]], [[Eocene]], Palearctic, Recent
** †''[[Nemedromia]]'' Grimaldi and Cumming 1999 Canadian amber, Campanian [[New Jersey amber]], [[Turonian]]
** †''[[Nemedromia]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> Canadian amber, Campanian [[New Jersey amber]], [[Turonian]]
** †''[[Neoturonius]]'' Grimaldi and Cumming 1999 New Jersey amber, Turonian
** †''[[Neoturonius]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> New Jersey amber, Turonian
** †''[[Phaetempis]]'' Grimaldi and Cumming 1999 Lebanese amber, Barremian
** †''[[Phaetempis]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> Lebanese amber, Barremian
** †''[[Prolatomyia]]'' Grimaldi and Cumming 1999 Canadian amber, Campanian
** †''[[Prolatomyia]]'' <small>Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999</small> Canadian amber, Campanian


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==

Revision as of 19:16, 12 November 2020

Atelestidae
Temporal range: Berriasian–Recent
Atelestus pulicarius
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Superfamily: Empidoidea
Family: Atelestidae
Hennig, 1970
Genera

Atelestidae is a family of true flies in the superfamily Empidoidea. The four genera were placed in a separate family in 1983;[1] they were formerly either in Platypezidae (which are not even particularly closely related) or considered incertae sedis. While they are doubtless the most basal of the living Empidoidea, the monophyly of the family is not fully proven.[2] The genus Nemedina seems to represent a most ancient lineage among the entire superfamily, while Meghyperus is probably not monophyletic in its present delimitation, and it is liable to be split up eventually, with some species being placed elsewhere.[3] In 2010, the genus Alavesia, previously only known from Cretaceous fossils, was found alive in Namibia[4], subsequent species were also described from Brazil.

Atelestidae has been shown to form the sister group to the remaining members of the Empidoidea superfamily. Subfamilies include Atelestinae and Nemedininae.[5]

Description

Right wing of Atelestus pulicarius, showing humeral crossvein (h), radial sector (Rs), costa and first and second medial vein (M1+2).[5]

Atelestidae are small (2–3 mm) greyish-dusted flies. They are quite similar to Empididae and Ragadidae as all three families have a symmetrical male terminalia without rotation, and the origin of vein Rs (radial sector) is at a distance from humeral crossvein (h) as long or longer than length of h. However, it is distinguished from Ragadidae by a costa ending at or near the first and second medial vein (M1+2), and from Empididae by having the prosternum separated from proepisternum.[5]

They have a disjunct distribution, being found in both the Holarctic and southern Neotropical regions (Chile).

Systematics

Based on the most recent phylogenetic studies,[5] the relationship between Atelestidae and other members of Empidoidea is as follows. The placement of Atelestidae is emphasized in bold formatting.

Atelestidae

Genera

Footnotes

  1. ^ Chvála (1983)
  2. ^ Moulton & Wiegmann (2007)
  3. ^ ToL (2007)
  4. ^ Sinclair, Bradley J.; Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. (April 2010). "Alavesia Waters and Arillo-a Cretaceous-era genus discovered extant on the Brandberg Massif, Namibia (Diptera: Atelestidae)". Systematic Entomology. 35 (2): 268–276. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00506.x.
  5. ^ a b c d Wahlberg & Johanson (2018)

References

External links

Wikispecies has information related to Atelestidae.
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