Pride and Prejudice

Pride and Prejudice
Author	Jane Austen
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Genre	Novel
Publisher	T. Egerton, Whitehall
Publication date	28 January 1813
Media type	Print (Hardback & Paperback)
ISBN	NA Parameter error in {{ISBNT}}: invalid character
Preceded by	Sense and Sensibility
Followed by	Mansfield Park

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Pride and Prejudice, first published on 28 January 1813, is the most famous of Jane Austen's novels. It is one of the first romantic comedies in the history of the novel and its opening is one of the most famous lines in English literature—"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."

Its manuscript was first written between 1796 and 1797, and was initially called First Impressions, but was never published under that title. Following revisions, it was first published on 28 January 1813. Like both its predecessor and Northanger Abbey, it was written at Steventon Rectory.

Plot summary

Template:Spoiler Mrs. Bennet is greatly excited by news of the arrival of a single man "of considerable fortune" in the neighbourhood. Mr. Bingley has leased the Netherfield estate where he plans to temporarily settle with his two sisters, Miss Bingley and Mrs. Hurst. Soon afterwards, Bingley and his party, which now includes his close friend Fitzwilliam Darcy, attend a public ball in the village of Meryton. At first, Darcy is admired for his fine figure and income of £10,000 a year. Quickly, however, the neighbours come to view him as proud, one who believes those present to be beneath him socially. This is brought home to the Bennet family when Darcy slights Elizabeth by declining within her hearing Bingley's suggestion that he dance with her. Bingley, on the other hand, proves highly agreeable, dancing with many of the eligible ladies in attendance and showing his decided admiration for Jane Bennet. Eager to encourage this highly advantageous match, Mrs. Bennet attempts to push Jane and Bingley together at every opportunity.

Shortly after the ball, Mr. Collins, a cousin who will inherit the Bennet estate because of an entail, visits the family. Collins, a pompous buffoon of a clergyman whose idea of a pleasant evening is reading to his female cousins from Fordyce's Sermons, delights in dropping the name of his great patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, with great frequency. Following Lady Catherine's imperious suggestion that he marry, Collins has decided to make amends for his role in his cousins' future impoverishment by marrying one of them. Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth but she refuses him pointblank. Although Mrs. Bennet tries to promote the marriage, Mr. Bennet supports his favourite daughter's repeated refusals. Meanwhile, Elizabeth begins falling for a recently arrived military officer, Mr. Wickham, who claims to have been robbed of his rightful inheritance by none other than Mr. Darcy, strengthening her disapprobation of the latter.

After Elizabeth rejects Mr. Collins, he hurriedly marries her best friend, Charlotte Lucas, and Elizabeth is invited to visit the newlyweds. While she is staying with them, Darcy visits his aunt, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, at the adjoining estate, Rosings. Elizabeth and Darcy are therefore thrown daily into each other's company. Elizabeth's charms eventually entrance Mr. Darcy, leading him to finally declare his love for her "against his own will" and his desire to marry her in spite of her objectionable family. Surprised and insulted by Darcy's high-handed method of proposing, as well as having recently learnt that Darcy convinced Bingley to sever ties with Jane and still contemptuous of Darcy's supposed wrongs against Wickham, Elizabeth refuses him in no uncertain terms, saying that he is "the last man in the world whom [she] could ever be prevailed on to marry." The next day, Darcy intercepts Elizabeth on her morning walk and hands her a letter before coldly taking his leave. In the letter, Darcy justifies his actions regarding his interference in Bingley and Jane's relationship, and reveals his history concerning Mr. Wickham and Wickham's true nature. The letter sheds a new light on Darcy's personality for Elizabeth and she begins to reconsider her opinion of him, particularly in the case of Wickham.

Later, while on holiday with her aunt and uncle, the Gardiners, Elizabeth is persuaded to visit nearby Pemberley, Darcy's estate, while he is away. She is therefore mortified when she bumps into him unexpectedly while on a tour of the grounds. However, his altered behaviour towards her - distinctly warmer from their last meeting - and his polite and friendly manner towards her aunt and uncle begins to persuade Elizabeth that underneath his pride lies a true and generous nature. Her revised opinion of Darcy is supported through meeting his younger sister Georgiana, a gentle-natured and shy girl whom Darcy lovingly dotes upon.

Just as her relationship with Darcy starts to thaw, Elizabeth is horrified by news that, in her absence, her headstrong younger sister Lydia has attracted Wickham's attentions and eloped with him. When the family investigates, they learn that Wickham resigned his commission to evade gambling debts. When told of this by Elizabeth, Darcy takes it upon himself to find Wickham and bribe him into marrying Lydia, but keeps this secret from Elizabeth and her family. Elizabeth accidentally learns of Darcy's involvement from Lydia's careless remarks, later confirmed by Mrs. Gardiner. This final act completes a reversal in Elizabeth's sentiments, and she begins to regret having turned down Darcy's earlier proposal of marriage.

Lady Catherine discovers Darcy's feelings for Elizabeth, threatening her long cherished ambition for him to marry her own daughter. She pays Elizabeth an unannounced visit and brusquely tries to bully her into giving him up, a fruitless undertaking. Ironically, however, this event seals Elizabeth and Darcy's relationship, as when Lady Catherine complains to Darcy about Elizabeth's obstinacy, he realizes her feelings have changed, giving him hope to try again. When Darcy proposes a second time to Elizabeth, she happily accepts.

Characters in Pride and Prejudice

The following is a listing of the more significant characters of the novel.

Elizabeth Bennet

Elizabeth Bennet is the protagonist of the novel. Elizabeth is the second of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet's five daughters, and is an attractive twenty year old when the story begins. She is her father's favourite and inherits his intelligence and wit. Initially misled by first impressions, she is wise and mature enough to eventually overcome her prejudices.

Fitzwilliam Darcy

Fitzwilliam Darcy is the central male character and Elizabeth's second love interest in the novel. He is an intelligent, wealthy and reserved man, who often appears haughty or proud to strangers. Initially his assumptions regarding the respect due to wealth and power convince him that Elizabeth, his social inferior, is unworthy of his attention; but gradually both Elizabeth's chidings and his own better nature enable him to overcome his pride and marry her.

Mr. Bennet

Mr. Bennet is the father of Elizabeth Bennet and head of the Bennet family. An English gentleman with an estate in Hertfordshire, he is married to Mrs. Bennet and has five daughters. Unfortunately, his property is entailed to a male descendant, meaning it can only be inherited by his closest male heir (Mr. Collins). Mr. Bennet is a somewhat gentle and eccentric man who can only derive amusement from his "nervous" wife and three "silly" daughters--Mary, Kitty and Lydia. He is closer to Jane and especially Elizabeth, his two eldest and most sensible offspring. He prefers the solitude of his study, neglecting the raising of his children, which leads to near-disaster.

Mrs. Bennet

Mrs. Bennet is the querulous, excitable and ill-bred wife of Mr. Bennet and mother of Elizabeth and her sisters. Her main concern in life is seeing her daughters married well to wealthy men, so that they will be taken care of following Mr. Bennet's death. However, her foolishness and frequent social faux pas often impede her efforts towards this end.

Jane Bennet

Jane Bennet is the eldest Bennet sister. She is twenty-two years old at the start of the novel, and is generally considered to be the most beautiful amongst her sisters. The depth of her feelings is difficult to discern by those who do not know her well, due to her reserved manner and pleasantness to all. She is incapable of suspecting the worst of people, seeing only the good. She falls in love with Charles Bingley, and is devastated when he abruptly breaks off their developing relationship without explanation. Eventually however, the misunderstanding on his part is cleared up and she accepts his hand in marriage.

Lydia Bennet

Lydia Bennet is the youngest of the Bennet sisters. Fifteen years old when the narrative begins, Lydia is extremely flirtatious, naive, headstrong and reckless. She is described as being idle and indulging in frivolous pursuits, especially chasing after the officers stationed at Meryton. She is seduced by Mr. Wickham and runs away with him without much thought for the consequences to her family, but Mr. Wickham is convinced to marry her by Mr. Darcy.

Charles Bingley

Charles Bingley is the closest friend of Mr. Darcy, despite the differences in their personalities. He is an outgoing, extremely good-natured, and wealthy young man who leases property near the Bennets' estate at the beginning of the novel. Unlike many of those in his circle, he is approachable and mingles easily in company the others consider beneath them. He is attracted to Jane Bennet, who reciprocates his feelings but is too shy and reserved to fully express them.

William Collins

William Collins is the nephew of Mr. Bennet. A clergyman, he is the closest male relation to the Bennet family, and as such stands to inherit Longbourn on Mr. Bennet's death. Collins is a pompous, narrow-minded sycophant who is excessively devoted and flattering to his patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Advised by Lady Catherine to find a wife, he initially selects Jane, only to instantly transfer his affections to Elizabeth upon learning of Jane's impending match with Mr. Bingley. After being rejected by his second choice, he proposes to Charlotte Lucas, who accepts him.

George Wickham

George Wickham is the enemy of Mr. Darcy. He is a dashing, charming and handsome young soldier who attracts the attention of Elizabeth Bennet. His father was the manager of the Darcy estate, so he grew up with Mr. Darcy and his sister and was a favourite of Darcy's since-deceased father. Wickham's charm and outward pleasantness skillfully conceals a more conniving and dishonorable nature, and there is bitter enmity between him and Darcy due to his attempt to elope with Georgiana Darcy for her substantial inheritance. He later runs off with Lydia Bennet, but is tracked down by Darcy and bribed into marrying her.

Interrelationships

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Artistic depictions of and related to Pride and Prejudice

See main article: List of artistic depictions of and related to Pride and Prejudice

Film, television, and theatrical adaptations

Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations. Some of the notable film versions include Pride & Prejudice (2005 film) starring Keira Knightley and Pride and Prejudice (1940 film) starring Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier. Notable television versions include Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV serial) starring Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth, as well as a BBC adaptation Pride and Prejudice (1980 TV serial) starring Elizabeth Garvie and David Rintoul. First Impressions is a Broadway musical version.

Related works of film and literature

Pride and Prejudice has inspired a number of other works. Bride and Prejudice, starring Aishwarya Rai, is a Bollywood adaptation of the novel, while Pride and Prejudice (2003 film) places the novel in contemporary times. Books inspired by Pride and Prejudice include Mr. Darcy's Daughters (novel) and Pemberley : Or Pride & Prejudice Continued by Emma Tennant. The novel Bridget Jones's Diary by Helen Fielding (and the film made of it) was also directly inspired by Pride and Prejudice, as well as a Video game adaptation

Awards and nominations

In 2003 the BBC conducted the largest ever poll for the "UK's Best-Loved Book" in which Pride and Prejudice came second, behind The Lord of the Rings.

External links