Syndiniales
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| Syndiniales | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | |
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| (unranked): | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | Syndiniophyceae
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| Order: | Syndiniales Loeblich III, 1976
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| Family | |
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| Synonyms | |
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The Syndiniales are an order of early branching dinoflagellates (also known as Marine Alveolates, "MALVs"), found as parasites of crustaceans, fish, algae, cnidarians, and protists (ciliates, radiolarians, other dinoflagellates).[1][2][3] The trophic form is often multinucleate, and ultimately divides to form motile spores, which have two flagella in typical dinoflagellate arrangement. They lack a theca and chloroplasts, and unlike all other orders, the nucleus is never a dinokaryon. A well-studied example is Amoebophrya, which is a parasite of other dinoflagellates and may play a part in ending red tides. Several MALV groups have been assigned to Syndiniales[4]; recent studies show paraphyly of MALVs suggesting that only those groups that are sister to dinokaryotes (core dinoflagellates) belong to Syndiniales.[3]
Taxonomy
- Class Syndiniophyceae Loeblich III, 1976 [Syndinea][5][6]
- Order Syndiniales Loeblich III 1976 [Coccidinales Chatton & Biecheler 1934]
- Family Hematodiniidae
- Genus Hematodinium Chatton & Poisson 1930
- Family Coccidiniaceae [Coccidinidae Chatton & Biecheler 1934]
- Genus Coccidinium Chatton & Biecheler 1934
- Family Syndiniaceae Chatton 1920
- Genus Merodinium Chatton 1923
- Genus Syndinium Chatton 1910 [Atelodinium Chatton 1920; Synhemidinium Chatton 1952 nom. illeg.]
- Family Amoebophryaceae Cachon 1964 ex Loeblich III 1970 [Amoebophryidae]
- Genus Amoebophrya Koeppen 1894 [Hyalosaccus Koeppen 1899]
- Family Sphaeriparaceae Loeblich III 1970
- Genus Actinodinium Chatton & Hovasse 1937
- Genus Caryotoma Hollande 1953
- Genus Atlanticellodinium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1965
- Genus Sphaeripara Poche 1911 [Lohmannia Neresheimer 1903 non Michael 1898; Lohmanella Neresheimer 1904 non Trouessart 1901; Neresheimeria Übel 1912]
- Family Hematodiniidae
- Order Syndiniales Loeblich III 1976 [Coccidinales Chatton & Biecheler 1934]
See also
References
- ^ Hoek, C. van den; Mann, D. G.; Jahns, Hans Martin (1995). Algae: an Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 277–280. ISBN 0-521-31687-1.
- ^ Bråte, Jon; Krabberød, Anders K.; Dolven, Jane K.; Ose, Randi F.; Kristensen, Tom; Bjørklund, Kjell R.; Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran (2012-9). "Radiolaria associated with large diversity of marine alveolates". Protist. 163 (5): 767–777. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2012.04.004. ISSN 1618-0941. PMID 22658831.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b Strassert, Jürgen F. H.; Karnkowska, Anna; Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Del Campo, Javier; Kolisko, Martin; Okamoto, Noriko; Burki, Fabien; Janouškovec, Jan; Poirier, Camille (01 2018). "Single cell genomics of uncultured marine alveolates shows paraphyly of basal dinoflagellates". The ISME journal. 12 (1): 304–308. doi:10.1038/ismej.2017.167. ISSN 1751-7370. PMC 5739020. PMID 28994824.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Guillou, L.; Viprey, M.; Chambouvet, A.; Welsh, R. M.; Kirkham, A. R.; Massana, R.; Scanlan, D. J.; Worden, A. Z. (2008-12). "Widespread occurrence and genetic diversity of marine parasitoids belonging to Syndiniales (Alveolata)". Environmental Microbiology. 10 (12): 3349–3365. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01731.x. ISSN 1462-2920. PMID 18771501.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Gómez, F.; Moreira, D.; López-García, P. N. (2010). "Molecular Phylogeny of Noctilucoid Dinoflagellates (Noctilucales, Dinophyceae)". Protist. 161 (3): 466–478. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2009.12.005. PMID 20188628.
- ^ Gómez F (2012). "A checklist and classification of living dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata)" (PDF). CICIMAR Océanides. 27 (1): 65–140. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-27.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
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