GeForce 8 series

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Template:NvidiaGPU The GeForce 8 Series is the eighth generation of NVIDIA's GeForce graphics cards. The series also represents the third fundamentally new GPU design developed at NVIDIA as well as the company's first unified shader architecture.[1][2]

GeForce 8 Series Overview

3D rendering

The GeForce 8 series arrived with NVIDIA's first unified shader Direct3D 10 Shader Model 4.0 / OpenGL 2.1 architecture. The design is a major shift for NVIDIA in GPU functionality and capability, the most obvious change being the move from the separate functional units (pixel shaders, vertex shaders) within previous GPUs to a homogeneous collection of universal floating point processors (called "stream processors") that can perform a more universal set of tasks.

File:Adrianne Curry animation.jpg
Model Adrianne Curry watching a 3D animation of herself during a GeForce 8 demo.

GeForce 8's unified shader architecture consists of a number of stream processors (SPs). Unlike the vector processing approach taken with older shader units, each SP is scalar and thus can operate only on one component at a time. This makes them less complex to build while still being quite flexible and universal. Scalar shader units also have the advantage of being more efficient in a number of cases as compared to previous generation vector shader units that rely on ideal instruction mixture and ordering to reach peak throughput. The lower maximum throughput of these scalar processors is compensated for by efficiency and by running them at a high clock speed (made possible by their simplicity). GeForce 8 runs the various parts of its core at differing clock speeds (clock domains), similar to the operation of the previous GeForce 7 Series GPUs. For example, the stream processors of GeForce 8800 GTX operate at a 1.35 GHz clock rate while the rest of the chip is operating at 575 MHz.[2]

GeForce 8 performs significantly better texture filtering than its predecessors that used various optimizations and visual tricks to speed up rendering while impairing filtering quality. The GeForce 8 line correctly renders an angle-independent anisotropic filtering algorithm along with full trilinear texture filtering. G80, though not its smaller brethren, is equipped with much more texture filtering arithmetic ability than the GeForce 7 series. This allows high-quality filtering with a much smaller performance hit than previously.[2]

NVIDIA has also introduced new polygon edge anti-aliasing methods, including the ability of the GPU's ROPs to perform both Multisample anti-aliasing (MSAA) and HDR lighting at the same time, correcting various limitations of previous generations. GeForce 8 can perform MSAA with both FP16 and FP32 texture formats. GeForce 8 supports 128-bit HDR rendering, an increase from prior cards' 64-bit support. The chip's new anti-aliasing technology, called coverage sampling AA (CSAA), uses Z, color, and coverage information to determine final pixel color. This technique of color optimization allows 16X CSAA to look crisp and sharp.[3]

The claimed theoretical processing power for the 8 Series cards given in FLOPS may not be correct at all times. For example the GeForce 8800 GTX has 518.43 GigaFLOPs theoretical performance given the fact that there are 128 stream processors at 1.35 GHz with each SP being able to run 1 Multiply-Add and 1 Multiply instruction per clock [(MADD (2 FLOPs) + MUL (1 FLOP))×1350MHz×128 SPs ＝ 518.4 GigaFLOPs][4]. This figure may not be correct because the Multiply operation is not always available[5] giving a possibly more accurate performance figure of (2×1350×128) = 345.6 GigaFLOPs.

Display capabilities

The GeForce 8 series supports 10-bit per channel display output, up from 8-bit on previous NVIDIA cards. This potentially allows higher fidelity color representation and separation on capable displays. The GeForce 8 series, like its recent predecessors, also supports Scalable Link Interface (SLI) for multi-card rendering.

NVIDIA's PureVideo HD video rendering technology is an improved version of the original PureVideo introduced with GeForce 6. It now includes GPU-based hardware acceleration for decoding HD movie formats, post-processing of HD video for enhanced images, and optional High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) support at the card level.[6]

Geforce 8300 and 8400

In the summer of 2007, NVIDIA released the entry level GeForce 8300 and 8400 series of graphics cards. Both series are based on the G86 core and as of December 2007, both series only have a GS version. The GeForce 8300 is also only available in the OEM market, and thus cannot be found in retail outlets. These graphics cards are targeted mainly for those who just need a discrete graphics solution, as the video card performs poorly in intense 3D applications such as high-end video games. It was originally designed to replace the 7200 and 7300 models, but was incapable of doing so due to its poor performance in high-end video games.

GeForce 8500 and 8600

On April 17, 2007, NVIDIA released the GeForce 8500 GT, 8600 GT, and 8600 GTS for the mainstream market. The two series also introduces the PureVideo 2 MPEG2 decoder, which added accelerated decoding for VC-1 and H264.

The GeForce 8500 GT isn't considered to be a serious gaming card, and is a bit slower than even a 6600 GT. It's roughly half as fast as the Geforce 8600 GT, which has been considered disappointing and underpowered by many, the main criticism being that it does not actually outperform the previous generation Geforce 7600 GT by a wide margin ie. only average of 20 percent improvement in framerates in most games (though it operates at a much higher resolution), and is actually, in some games, slightly slower or on par with the 7600 GT.[citation needed] It's generally about as fast as a 7800 GT, which in turn doesn't make it faster than a GeForce 7600 GT (or any card of equal range, e.g. the GeForce 6800 Ultra, Radeon X1800 GTO, Radeon X850 XT, Radeon X800 XT, and Radeon X1650 XT) by an astounding margin (with the exception of modern games as they come; the 8600 GT is able to pump out a large amount of shader operations with its stream processors running at high shader clocks and is generally better optimized for shader-heavy games, which puts it at a considerable advantage in comparison to the lower 7xxx series and entire 6xxx series, but only in newer or just shader-heavy titles).

A 8600 GTS is about 15%-40% faster, and while overall, it's generally on pretty equal grounds with a GeForce 7900 GS (or anything of equal range, e.g. the 256MB GeForce 7800 GTX, a 256MB GeForce 7900 GT, a 256MB Radeon X1800 XT, etc), it cannot outstrip a X1950 Pro (due to its limited ROPs, fill rate, bandwidth, AA sample rate, bus, and other things) let alone equal it entirely. But, like the 8600 GT, it has an advantage in shader-heavy games for the same reasons, and outguns the 7900 GS in modern games by quite an amount. Even then, it cannot outperform the X1950 Pro, much less a Radeon X1950 XTX (or anything roughly equal to it, e.g. the GeForce 7900 GTX, a 512MB GeForce 7800 GTX, a Radeon X1900 XTX, etc).

Again, architecturally, the GeForce 8600 series in particular is hampered by its lack of sheer processing power - it has just 25% of the full G80 core's stream processors - and also by its comparatively narrow 128-bit memory bus. Older video cards in the same price range, such as the GeForce 7900GS and GT, featured a much wider (and hence faster) 256-bit memory bus. However, its lower power requirements (350 watt min PSU) make it a popular choice for upgrading Dell Dimension or Inspirion models that do not contain the 450 watt min PSU required for the 8800 Series cards.

Also compared with the high end 8800, the midrange 8600 and 8500 are extremely outperformed. However, some GPU mod enthusiasts have been able to push the cards to much higher speeds, in some cases almost double, by modifying the voltage.[citation needed]

GeForce 8800

EVGA GeForce 8800 GTX
Underside
BFG 8800GTX with the heatsink removed
8800GT with cover removed.

The 8800 series, codenamed G80, was launched on November 8, 2006 with the release of the GeForce 8800 GTX and GTS. A 320 MB GTS was released on February 12 and the Ultra was released on May 2, 2007. The cards are larger than their predecessors, with the 8800 GTX measuring 10.6 in (~26.9 cm) in length and the 8800 GTS measuring 9 in (~23 cm). Both cards have two dual-link DVI connectors and a HDTV/S-Video out connector. The 8800 GTX requires 2 PCIe power inputs to keep within the PCIe standard, while the GTS requires just one.

8800 GS

The 8800 GS has 96 stream processors and 384 MB of RAM and 192 bit memory. In May 2008, it was rebranded as the 9600 GSO in an attempt to spur sales.

On April 28 2008, Apple announced an updated iMac line featuring an 8800 GS with 512MB of video memory. [7] However, the card is actually a rebranded NVIDIA GeForce 8800M GTS.[citation needed] It features up to 512 MB of 800 MHz GDDR3 video memory, 64 unified stream processors, a 500 MHz core speed, a 256-bit memory bus width, and a 1250 MHz shader clock. [8]

8800 GTX / 8800 Ultra

The 8800 GTX is equipped with 768 MB GDDR3 RAM. The 8800 series replaced the GeForce 79x0 series as NVIDIA's top-performing consumer video card. GeForce 8800 GTX and GTS use identical GPU cores, but the GTS model disables parts of the GPU and reduces RAM size and bus width to lower production cost.

As of September 2007, the G80 was the largest commercial GPU ever constructed. It consists of 681 million transistors covering a 480 mm² die surface area built on a 90 nm process. (In fact the G80's total transistor count is ~686 million, but since the chip was made on a 90nm process and due to process limitations and yield feasibility, NVIDIA had to break the main design into two chips: Main shader core at 681 million transistors and NV I/O core of about ~5 million transistors making the entire G80 design standing at ~686 million transistors).

A minor manufacturing defect related to a resistor of improper value caused a recall of the 8800 GTX models just two days before the product launch, though the launch itself was unaffected.[9]

The GeForce 8800 GTX was by far the fastest video card when first released, and 13 months after its initial debut it still remains one of the fastest. The GTX has 128 stream processors clocked at 1.35 GHz, a core clock of 575 MHz, and 768 MB of 384-bit GDDR3 memory at 1.8 GHz, giving it a memory bandwidth of 86.4 GB/sec. The card performs faster than a single Radeon HD 2900 XT, and faster than 2 Radeon X1950 XTXs in Crossfire or 2 Geforce 7900 GTXs in SLI. The 8800 GTX also supports HDCP, but one major flaw is its older NVIDIA Purevideo processor that uses more CPU resources. Originally retailing for around US$600, prices came down to under US$400 before it was discontinued. The 8800 GTX is also very power hungry, using up to 185 watts of power and requiring two PCI-E power connectors to operate. The 8800 GTX also has 2 SLI connector ports, allowing it to support NVIDIA 3-way SLI for users who run demanding games at extreme resolutions such as 2560x1600.

The 8800 Ultra, retailing at a higher price, is identical to the GTX architecturally (and has the same memory), but features higher clocked shaders, core and memory. Originally retailing from $800 to $1000, most users thought the card to be a poor value, offering only 10% more performance than the GTX but costing hundreds of dollars more. Prices dropped to as low as $500 before it was discontinued. The core clock of the Ultra runs at 612 MHz, the shaders at 1.5 GHz, and finally the memory at 2.16 GHz, giving the Ultra a theoretical memory bandwidth of 103.7 GB/sec. It has 2 SLI connector ports, allowing it to support NVIDIA 3-way SLI.

8800 GT

The 8800 GT, codenamed G92, was released on October 29 2007. The card is the first to transition to 65 nm process, and supports PCI-Express 2.0.[10] It has a single-slot cooler as opposed to the double slot cooler on the 8800 GTS and GTX, and uses less power than GTS and GTX due to its 65 nm process. While its core processing power is comparable to that of the GTX, the 256-bit memory interface and the 512 MB of GDDR3 memory often hinders its performance at very high resolutions and graphics settings. The 8800 GT, unlike other 8800 cards, is equipped with the PureVideo 2 engine for GPU assisted decoding of the H.264 and VC-1 codecs. Performance benchmarks at stock speeds place it above the 8800GTS (640MB and 320MB versions) and slightly below the 8800GTX. A 256MB version of the 8800GT which lower stock memory speeds (1.4 GHz as opposed to 1.8 GHz) but with the same core is also available. Performance benchmarks have shown that the 256 MB version of the 8800 GT has a considerable performance disadvantage when compared to its 512 MB counterpart, especially in newer games such as Crysis.

The release of this card presents an odd dynamic to the graphics processing industry. At an NVIDIA projected initial street price of around $200, this card outperforms the ATI flagship HD2900XT and HD3870 in most situations, and even NVIDIA's own 8800GTS (previously priced at an MSRP of $400). The card, only marginally worse in synthetic and gaming benchmarks than the 8800GTX, also takes much of the value away from NVIDIA's own high end card. This release was shortly followed by the (EVGA) 8800GTS SSC (the original 8800GTS re-released with 96+ (112) shader processor units), and ATI's counter, the HD3800 series.

Compatibility issue with PCI-E 1.0a

Shortly after the release, an incompatibility issue with older PCI Express 1.0a motherboards was unmasked. When using the PCI Express 2.0 compliant 8800GT in some motherboards with PCI Express 1.0a slots, the card would not produce any display image, but the computer would often boot (with the fan spinning at a constant 100%). The incompatibility is mostly with motherboards with VIA PCI-E 1.0a chipsets.[citation needed]

Some mainboard chipsets had a workaround, which was to re-flash the graphics card's BIOS with an older GEN1 BIOS (which effectively made it into a PCI Express 1.0 card, not being able to utilize the PCIE 2.0 functions. but since the card itself could not even utilize the full capacity of the regular PCIE 1.0 slots, there was no noticeable performance reduction). A workaround to this is to flash the BIOS of the motherboard to the latest version. The flashing of the BIOS, however, voided the warranties of most cards thus making it a less-than-optimum way of getting the card to work properly. In relation to this compatibility issue, the high numbers of cards reported as DOA (as much as 13-15%) were believed to be inaccurate. When it was revealed that the G92 8800GT and 8800GTS 512MB were going to be designed with PCI Express 2.0 connections, NVIDIA claimed that all cards would have full backwards-compatibility, but failed to mention that this was only true for PCI Express 1.1 motherboards. The source for the BIOS-flash did not come from NVIDIA or any of their partners, but rather ASRock, a mainboard producer, who mentioned the fix in one of their motherboard FAQs. ASUSTek, sells the 8800GT with their sticker, posted a newer version of their 8800GT BIOS on their website, but did not mention that it fixed this issue. EVGA also posted a new bios to fix this issue.[11]

8800 GTS

The first releases of the 8800 GTS line, in November 2006, came in 640 MB and 320 MB configurations of GDDR3 RAM and utilized NVIDIA's G80 GPU.[12] While the 8800 GTX has 128 stream processors and a 384-bit memory bus, these versions of 8800 GTS feature 96 stream processors and a 320-bit bus. With respect to features, however, they are identical because they use the same GPU. [13]

Around the same release date as the 8800 GT, NVIDIA released a new 640 MB of the 8800 GTS. While still based on the 90nm G80 core, this version has 7 out of the 8 clusters of 16 stream processors enabled (as opposed to 6 out 8 on the older GTSs), giving it a total of 112 stream processors instead of 96. Most other aspects of the card remain unchanged. However, because the only 2 add-in partners who are making this card (BFG and EVGA) have decided to overclock it, this version of the 8800 GTS actually runs slightly faster than a stock GTX in most scenarios, especially at higher resolutions, due to the increased clock speeds.[14]

NVIDIA released a new 8800GTS 512MB based on the 65 nm G92 GPU on December 10, 2007.[15] This 8800GTS has 128 stream processors, compared to the 96 processors of the original GTS models. It is equipped with 512 MB GDDR3 on a 256-bit bus. Combined with a 650 MHz core clock and architectural enhancements, this gives the card raw GPU performance exceeding that of 8800 GTX, but it is constrained by the narrower 256-bit memory bus. Its performance can match the 8800 GTX in some situations, and it outperforms the older GTS cards in nearly all situations.[15][14]

Technical summary

Model Release Date Codename Interface Fabrication process (nm) Core clock max (MHz) Peak fillrate Shaders Memory Texture Units Raster Operators Power Consumption (Watts) Transistor Count (Millions) Theoretical Shader Processing Rate (Gigaflops)
Billion pixel/s Billion bilinear texel/s Billion bilinear FP16 texel/s Billion FP32 pixel/s Stream Processors Clock (MHz) Bandwidth max (GB/s) DRAM type Bus width (bit) Megabytes Effective (Real) Memory Clock (MHz)
GeForce 8300 GS (OEM)[16] July 2007 G86 PCI Express x16 80 450 1.8 1.8 0.9 0.45 8 900 6.4 DDR2 64 128 800 (400) 4 210 21.6
256
GeForce 8400 GS[16] 15 June 2007 G86 PCI Express x16 80 450 3.6 3.6 1.8 0.9 16 900 6.4 DDR2 64 128 800 (400) 8 8 38 210 43.2
256
GeForce 8500 GT[17][16] 17 April 2007 G86 PCI Express x16 80 450 3.6 3.6 1.8 0.9 16 900 12.8 DDR2 128 256 800 (400) 8 8 40 210 43.2
512
GeForce 8600 GS[16] 17 April 2007 G84 PCI Express x16 80 540 4.3 8.6 4.3 1.0 32 1190 12.8 DDR2 128 256 800 (400) 16 8 43 289 114.2
512
GeForce 8600 GT[16] 17 April 2007 G84 PCI Express x16 80 540 4.3 8.6 4.3 1.0 32 1190 22.4 GDDR3 128 256 1400 (700) 16 8 43 289 114.2
512
GeForce 8600 GTS[16] 17 April 2007 G84 PCI Express x16 80 675 5.4 10.8 5.4 1.35 32 1450 32.0 GDDR3 128 256 2000 (1000) 16 8 71 289 139.2
512
Model Release Date Codename Interface Fabrication process (nm) Core clock max (MHz) Peak fillrate Shaders Memory Texture Units Raster Operators Power Consumption (Watts) Transistor Count (Millions) Theoretical Shader Processing Rate (Gigaflops)
Billion pixel/s Billion bilinear texel/s Billion bilinear FP16 texel/s Billion FP32 pixel/s Stream Processors Clock (MHz) Bandwidth max (GB/s) DRAM type Bus width (bit) Megabytes Effective (Real) Memory Clock (MHz)
GeForce 8800 GTS (G80)[18][19][20] 8 November 2006 G80 PCI Express x16 90 500 10.0 24.0 12.0 2.5 96/112 1200 64.0 GDDR3 320 320 1600 (800) 48 20 146 681 (~690) 345.6/403.2
640
GeForce 8800 GS[21] 15 January 2008 G92-150 PCI Express 2.0 x16 65 550 6.6 26.4 13.2 3.3 96 1375 38.4 GDDR3 192 384 1600 (800) 48 12 105 (TDP) 754 396.0
650 7.8 31.2 15.6 1625 45.6 768 1900 (950) 468.0
GeForce 8800 GT (G92)[22] 29 October 2007 G92-200 PCI Express 2.0 x16 65 600 9.6 33.6 16.8 4.8 112 1500 57.6 GDDR3 256 256 1800 (900) 56 16 105 (TDP) 754 504.0
512/1024
GeForce 8800 GTS (G92) [23][24][25][26] 11 December 2007 G92-400 PCI Express 2.0 x16 65 650 10.4 41.6 20.8 5.2 128 1625 62.1 GDDR3 256 512 1940 (970) 64 16 135 (TDP) 754 624.0
1024
GeForce 8800 GTX

[18][19][20]

8 November 2006 G80 PCI Express x16 90 575 13.8 36.8 18.4 3.45 128 1350 86.4 GDDR3 384 768 1800 (900) 64 24 145 681 (~690) 518.0
GeForce 8800 Ultra 2 May 2007 G80 PCI Express x16 90 612 14.7 39.2 19.6 3.672 128 1512 103.7 GDDR3 384 768 2160 (1080) 64 24 175 681 (~690) 576.0

GeForce 8M mobile GPUs

On May 10, 2007, NVIDIA announced the availability for their first notebook GPUs through select OEMs. So far the lineup consists of the 8400M, 8600M, 8700M and 8800M series chips.[27] It has been announced by nVidia that some of their graphics chips have a higher than expected rate of failure due to overheating when used in particular notebook configurations. Some major laptop manufacturers are making adjustments to fan setting and firmware updates to help delay the occurance of any potential GPU failure. In late July, Dell released a set of BIOS updates that made the laptop fans spin more frequently[28]. As of mid-August, nVidia is yet to give further details publicly, though it has been heavily rumored that all or most of the 8400 and 8600 cards have this issue.

GeForce 8400M Series

The GeForce 8400M is the entry level series for the GeForce 8M chipset. Normally found on midrange laptops as an alternate solution to integrated graphics, the 8400M is designed for watching high definition video content rather than gaming. Versions include the 8400M G, 8400M GS, and 8400M GT. While these cards are not oriented for high-end gaming, the GDDR3-equipped 8400M-GT can handle most modern games at medium settings,[29] and is suitable for occasional gaming.

GeForce 8600M Series

The GeForce 8600M is offered in midrange laptops as a mid-range performance solution for enthusiasts who want to watch high-definition content such as Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD movies and play current and some future games with decent settings. Versions include the 8600M GS and 8600M GT, and provide decent gaming performance (due to the implementation of GDDR3 memory in the higher-end 8600M models) for current games.

GeForce 8700M Series

The GeForce 8700M was developed for the high-end market. Currently the only version is the 8700M GT. This chipset is available on high-end laptops such as the Dell XPS M1730, Sager NP5793, and Toshiba Satellite X205. While this card is considered by most in the field to be a decent mid-range card, it is hard to classify the 8700M-GT as a high-end card due to its 128-bit memory bus, and is essentially an overclocked 8600M-GT GDDR3 mid-range card.[30] However, it shows strong performance when in a dual-card SLI configuration, and provides decent gaming performance in a single-card configuration.[31]

GeForce 8800M Series

The GeForce 8800M was developed to succeed the 8700M in the high-end market, and can be found in high-end gaming notebook computers.

Versions include the 8800M GTS and 8800M GTX. These were released as the first truly high-end mobile Geforce 8 Series cards, each with a 256-bit memory bus and a standard 512 megabytes of GDDR3 memory, and provide high-end gaming performance equivalent to many desktop graphics cards. In SLI, these can produce 3DMark06 results in the high thousands.[31]

Laptop models which include the 8800M GPU's are: Sager NP5793, Sager NP9262, Alienware m15x and m17x, HP HDX9494NR and Dell M1730. Clevo also manufactures similar laptop models for CyberPower, Rock, and Sager (among others) - all with the 8800M GTX, while including the 8800M GTS in the Gateway P-6831 FX and P-6860 FX models.

Technical summary

Model Release Date Codename Fabrication process (nm) Core clock max (MHz) Peak fillrate Shaders Memory Power Consumption (Watts) Transistor Count (Millions) Theoretical Shader Processing Rate (Gigaflops)
billion pixel/s billion bilinear texel/s billion bilinear FP16 texel/s Stream Processors Clock (MHz) Bandwidth max (GB/s) DRAM type Bus width (bit) Megabytes Effective DDR Clock (MHz)
GeForce 8400M G 9th May 2007 G86M 80 400 3.2 3.2 1.6 8 800 9.6 GDDR3 64 128/256 1200 15 210 19.2
GeForce 8400M GS 9th May 2007 G86M 80 400 3.2 3.2 1.6 16 800 9.6 GDDR3 64 64/128/256 1200 15 210 38.4
GeForce 8400M GT 9th May 2007 G86M 80 450 3.6 3.6 1.8 16 900 19.2 GDDR3 128 128/256/512 1200 17 210 43.2
GeForce 8600M GS 9th May 2007 G84M 80 600 4.8 4.8 2.4 16 1200 12.8/22.4 DDR2/GDDR3 128 128/256/512 800/1400 19 289 57.6
GeForce 8600M GT 9th May 2007 G84M 80 475 3.8 7.6 3.8 32 950 12.8/22.4 DDR2/GDDR3 128 128/256/512 800/1400 22 289 91.2
GeForce 8700M GT 12th June 2007 G84M 80 625 5.0 10.0 5.0 32 1250 25.6 GDDR3 128 256/512 1600 29 289 120.0
GeForce 8800M GTS[32] 19th November 2007 G92M 65 500 8.0 16.0 8.0 64 1250 51.2 GDDR3 256 512 1600 35 754 240.0
GeForce 8800M GTX[33] 19th November 2007 G92M 65 500 12.0 24.0 12.0 96 1250 51.2 GDDR3 256 512 1600 37 754 360.0

Caveat

Some chips of these series (concretely those from G84 and G86) may suffer of an overheating problem. According to NVIDIA [34], this should only affect a few chips (and a software upgrade should solve the problem), whereas others [35] assert that all of the chips in these series are affected. CEO Jen-Hsun Huang and CFO Marvin Burkett got involved in a lawsuit[36] on September 9th, 2008 alleging that their knowledge on the flaw and their intend to hide it made NVIDIA lose 31% on the stock markets[37].

See also

References

  1. ^ Q3 2007 NVIDIA Corporation Earnings Conference. NVIDIA.com. November 9, 2006.
  2. ^ a b c Wasson, Scott. Nvidia's GeForce 8800 graphics processor, Tech Report, November 8, 2007.
  3. ^ Sommefeldt, Rys.NVIDIA G80: Image Quality Analysis, Beyond3D, December 12, 2006.
  4. ^ The New and Improved "G80 Rumours Thread" *DailyTech specs at #802* - Page 83 - Beyond3D Forum
  5. ^ Sommefeldt, Rys. NVIDIA G80: Architecture and GPU Analysis - Page 11, Beyond3D, November 8, 2006.
  6. ^ Shrout, Ryan. NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GTX Review - DX10 and Unified Architecture, PC Perspective, November 8, 2006.
  7. ^ "Apple Updates iMac". [1], Apple Inc, April 28, 2008.
  8. ^ "NVIDIA GeForce 8800M GTS". [2], NotebookCheck.net, May 25, 2008.
  9. ^ "Visionary". All 8800 GTX Cards Being Recalled, VR-Zone.com, November 6, 2006.
  10. ^ GeForce 8800GT 65nm and PCI-E 2.0 support, VR-Zone.com, accessed October 7, 2007.
  11. ^ VGA 8800GT BIOS (Updated 1/14/08)
  12. ^ GeForce 8800 Press Release, NVIDIA.com, accessed November 9, 2006.
  13. ^ Wasson, Scott. Nvidia's GeForce 8800 graphics processor, Tech Report, November 8, 2006.
  14. ^ a b [3], Hardware Canucks, November 10, 2007.
  15. ^ a b Wasson, Scott. Nvidia's GeForce 8800 GTS 512 graphics card, Tech Report, December 11, 2007.
  16. ^ a b c d e f [4], Theinquirer.net, accessed April 12, 2007.
  17. ^ "Mid-range GeForce 8000 series Launch Dates, Prices". [5], DailyTech.com, accessed April 8, 2007.
  18. ^ a b GeForce 8800 specifications, NVIDIA.com, accessed November 9, 2006.
  19. ^ a b NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GTX/GTS Tech Report, TechARP.com, accessed April 10, 2007.
  20. ^ a b NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GTX/GTS Performance Preview, FiringSquad.com, accessed April 10, 2007.
  21. ^ Expreview.com - Extra Hardware News Report! » Blog Archive » Geforce 8800GS 192bit 384MB/768MB GDDR3 *Updated* 96SP actually
  22. ^ Re: Geforce 8800GT (G92) / New 8800GTS SKU Details - Hardware Discussions - FiringSquad Forums
  23. ^ [6], theINQUIRER.net, accessed October 8, 2007.
  24. ^ Fudzilla - 8800 GTS 512 MB to launch by mid-December
  25. ^ Tech ARP - ED#70 : NVIDIA GeForce 8800 Ultra/GTX/GTS/GT Gossip
  26. ^ Nvidia GeForce 8800 GTS revamp due 11 December? |Reg Hardware
  27. ^ NVIDIA GeForce 8M Series, nvidia.com, May 10, 2007.
  28. ^ NVIDIA GPU Update for Dell Laptop Owners Fri. Jul. 25, 2008
  29. ^ Notebookcheck: NVidia GeForce 8400M GT
  30. ^ Nvidia clocks up GeForce 8600M for 8700M GT, Register Hardware, 13 June 2007.
  31. ^ a b Mobile Graphics Cards - Benchmark List, Notebookcheck.
  32. ^ NVIDIA GeForce 8800M, NVIDIA.com, Nov 19, 2007.
  33. ^ NVIDIA GeForce 8800GTX Next week, tt-hardware.com, Nov 14, 2007.
  34. ^ http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080716-nvidia-denies-rumors-of-mass-gpu-failures.html
  35. ^ http://www.theinquirer.net/gb/inquirer/news/2008/07/09/nvidia-g84-g86-bad
  36. ^ http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/09/10/Lawsuit_claims_Nvidia_hid_serious_flaw_in_graphics_chips_1.html
  37. ^ http://hardware.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/09/10/1554215

External links

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