Fraxinus profunda: Difference between revisions
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|status = CR |
|status = CR |
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|status_system = IUCN3.1 |
|status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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|status_ref = <ref>{{ |
|status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/61919022/0|title=''Fraxinus profunda'' |author=Jerome, D., Westwood, M., Oldfield, S. & Romero-Severson |
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|year=2016 |access-date=14 September 2017|ref=harv}}</ref> |
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|genus = Fraxinus |
|genus = Fraxinus |
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|parent = Fraxinus sect. Melioides |
|parent = Fraxinus sect. Melioides |
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Revision as of 01:06, 1 January 2020
| Fraxinus profunda | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pumpkin ash in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Oleaceae |
| Genus: | Fraxinus |
| Section: | Fraxinus sect. Melioides |
| Species: | F. profunda
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| Binomial name | |
| Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush
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| Natural range of Fraxinus profunda | |
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| Close-up of natural range of Fraxinus profunda | |
| Synonyms | |
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Fraxinus tomentosa F.Michx. | |
Fraxinus profunda, the pumpkin ash, is a species of Fraxinus (ash) native to eastern North America, primarily in the United States, with a scattered distribution on the Atlantic coastal plain and interior lowland river valleys from southern Maryland northwest to Indiana, southeast to northern Florida, and southwest to southeastern Missouri to Louisiana, and also locally in the extreme south of Canada in Essex County, Ontario.[2][3][4][5]
While normally a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching 12–30 m tall with a trunk up to 1 m diameter, the tree can reach 50 m tall with a 4.7 m diameter trunk.[6] The bark is gray, thick and fissured. The winter buds are dark brown to blackish, with a velvety texture. The leaves are opposite, pinnate, with 7–9 leaflets; each leaf is 25–40 cm long, the leaflets 8–20 cm long and 5–8 cm broad, with a finely toothed margin; they are downy on the underside and along the rachis. The leaflets are stalked, with a short petiolule. The flowers are produced in panicles in spring shortly before the new leaves; they are inconspicuous purplish-green with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The fruit is a samara; it is the largest of any North American ash species, 5–8 cm long, comprising a single seed with an elongated apical wing 9 mm broad.[4][5][7][8]
Ecology
This tree occurs primarily in swamps. Pumpkin ash is a food plant for the larvae of several species of Lepidoptera; see List of Lepidoptera that feed on ashes. It is also seriously threatened by the invasive Asian emerald ash borer.[7] In 2017, the IUCN assessed the pumpkin ash as Critically Endangered, due to a massive population decline over most of its range that is due to the emerald ash borer.
References
- ^ Jerome, D., Westwood, M., Oldfield, S. & Romero-Severson (2016). "Fraxinus profunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Fraxinus profunda". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
- ^ Canada Native Plants: Fraxinus profunda
- ^ a b Harms, W. R. (1990). "Fraxinus profunda". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Hardwoods. Silvics of North America. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
- ^ a b Ojibway Nature Centre: Trees of Essex County, Ontario
- ^ Missouri State Champion Trees
- ^ a b Virtual Herbarium of the Chicago Region: Fraxinus profunda Archived 2006-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Michigan Natural Features Inventory: Fraxinus profunda (pdf file) Archived 2008-01-07 at the Wayback Machine