Fraxinus profunda: Difference between revisions
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== Taxonomy == |
== Taxonomy == |
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The pumpkin ash tree is a member of the Oleaceae family, and has two synonyms ''Fraxinus michauxii'' Britton and ''Fraxinus tomentosa'' Michx. f.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Plants Profile for Fraxinus profunda (pumpkin ash)|url=https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FRPR|access-date=2020-11-18|website=plants.sc.egov.usda.gov}}</ref> Benjamin Franklin Bush described the pumpkin ash in 1901.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fraxinus profunda {{!}} International Plant Names Index|url=https://www.ipni.org/n/105892-2|access-date=2020-11-18|website=www.ipni.org}}</ref> The pumpkin ash tree was erroneously hypothesized to be a fertile cross between ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'' and ''Fraxinus americana.''<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125914|title=Phytoneuron|date=2010|publisher=Guy L. Nesom|volume=2010-32|location=Fort Worth, TX :}}</ref> This tree is also considered to be a hexaploid and has 138 chromosomes.<ref name=":1" /> Pumpkin ash was thought to be a cross between ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'' and ''Fraxinus americana'' because it shared similarities like abaxial leaf surfaces and how the bark develops as it becomes older.<ref name=":1" /> |
The pumpkin ash tree is a member of the Oleaceae family, and has two synonyms ''Fraxinus michauxii'' Britton and ''Fraxinus tomentosa'' Michx. f.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Plants Profile for Fraxinus profunda (pumpkin ash)|url=https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FRPR|access-date=2020-11-18|website=plants.sc.egov.usda.gov}}</ref> Benjamin Franklin Bush described the pumpkin ash in 1901.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fraxinus profunda {{!}} International Plant Names Index|url=https://www.ipni.org/n/105892-2|access-date=2020-11-18|website=www.ipni.org}}</ref> The pumpkin ash tree was erroneously hypothesized to be a fertile cross between ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'' and ''Fraxinus americana.''<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125914|title=Phytoneuron|date=2010|publisher=Guy L. Nesom|volume=2010-32|location=Fort Worth, TX :}}</ref> This tree is also considered to be a hexaploid and has 138 chromosomes.<ref name=":1" /> Pumpkin ash was thought to be a cross between ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'' and ''Fraxinus americana'' because it shared similarities like abaxial leaf surfaces and how the bark develops as it becomes older.<ref name=":1" /> Despite the similarities, it was determined that ''Fraxinus profunda'' is a phylogenetically distinct species.<ref name=":1" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 19:45, 18 November 2020
| Fraxinus profunda | |
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| Pumpkin ash in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Oleaceae |
| Genus: | Fraxinus |
| Section: | Fraxinus sect. Melioides |
| Species: | F. profunda
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| Binomial name | |
| Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush
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| Natural range of Fraxinus profunda | |
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| Close-up of natural range of Fraxinus profunda | |
| Synonyms | |
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Fraxinus tomentosa F.Michx. | |
Fraxinus profunda, the pumpkin ash, is a species of Fraxinus (ash) native to eastern North America, primarily in the United States, with a scattered distribution on the Atlantic coastal plain and interior lowland river valleys from southern Maryland northwest to Indiana, southeast to northern Florida, and southwest to southeastern Missouri to Louisiana, and also locally in the extreme south of Canada in Essex County, Ontario.[2][3][4][5]
While normally a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching 12–30 m tall with a trunk up to 1 m diameter, the tree can reach 50 m tall with a 4.7 m diameter trunk.[6] The bark is gray, thick and fissured. The winter buds are dark brown to blackish, with a velvety texture. The leaves are opposite, pinnate, with 7–9 leaflets; each leaf is 25–40 cm long, the leaflets 8–20 cm long and 5–8 cm broad, with a finely toothed margin; they are downy on the underside and along the rachis. The leaflets are stalked, with a short petiolule. The flowers are produced in panicles in spring shortly before the new leaves; they are inconspicuous purplish-green with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The fruit is a samara; it is the largest of any North American ash species, 5–8 cm long, comprising a single seed with an elongated apical wing 9 mm broad.[4][5][7][8]
Ecology
This tree occurs primarily in swamps. Pumpkin ash is a food plant for the larvae of several species of Lepidoptera; see List of Lepidoptera that feed on ashes. It is also seriously threatened by the invasive Asian emerald ash borer.[7] In 2017, the IUCN assessed the pumpkin ash as Critically Endangered, due to a massive population decline over most of its range that is due to the emerald ash borer.
Taxonomy
The pumpkin ash tree is a member of the Oleaceae family, and has two synonyms Fraxinus michauxii Britton and Fraxinus tomentosa Michx. f.[9] Benjamin Franklin Bush described the pumpkin ash in 1901.[10] The pumpkin ash tree was erroneously hypothesized to be a fertile cross between Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Fraxinus americana.[11] This tree is also considered to be a hexaploid and has 138 chromosomes.[11] Pumpkin ash was thought to be a cross between Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Fraxinus americana because it shared similarities like abaxial leaf surfaces and how the bark develops as it becomes older.[11] Despite the similarities, it was determined that Fraxinus profunda is a phylogenetically distinct species.[11]
References
- ^ Jerome, D.; Westwood, M.; Oldfield, S. & Romero-Severson (2016). "Fraxinus profunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ "Fraxinus profunda". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
- ^ Canada Native Plants: Fraxinus profunda
- ^ a b Harms, W. R. (1990). "Fraxinus profunda". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Hardwoods. Silvics of North America. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
- ^ a b Ojibway Nature Centre: Trees of Essex County, Ontario
- ^ Missouri State Champion Trees
- ^ a b Virtual Herbarium of the Chicago Region: Fraxinus profunda Archived 2006-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Michigan Natural Features Inventory: Fraxinus profunda (pdf file) Archived 2008-01-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Plants Profile for Fraxinus profunda (pumpkin ash)". plants.sc.egov.usda.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
- ^ "Fraxinus profunda | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
- ^ a b c d Phytoneuron. Vol. 2010–32. Fort Worth, TX :: Guy L. Nesom. 2010.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)