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{{Short description|Species of sunflower}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
| name = Stiff sunflower
| image = Helianthus pauciflorus (H. rigidus) (5020605591).jpg
| image = Helianthus pauciflorus (H. rigidus) (5020605591).jpg
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| status_ref =
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| status2 = {{TNCStatus}}
| unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
| status2_system = TNC
| ordo = [[Asterales]]
| status2_ref =
| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
⚫
| genus = Helianthus
| tribus = [[Heliantheae]]
⚫
| species = pauciflorus
⚫
| genus = ''[[Helianthus]]''
⚫
| authority = [[Nutt.]]
⚫
| species = '''''H. pauciflorus'''''
| binomial = ''Helianthus pauciflorus''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Nutt.]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=h>{{ThePlantList |id=gcc-30040 |taxon=Helianthus pauciflorus}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=h>{{ThePlantList |id=gcc-30040 |taxon=Helianthus pauciflorus}}</ref>
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
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}}
}}


'''''Helianthus pauciflorus''''', called the '''stiff sunflower''', is a North American plant species in the [[sunflower family]]. It is widespread across the [[Great Plains]], the [[Rocky Mountains]], and the [[Great Lakes region]], and naturalized in scattered locations in the eastern United States and in much of southern Canada (from [[Alberta]] to [[Nova Scotia]]).<ref>{{BONAP|ref |genus=Helianthus |species=pauciflorus}}</ref>
'''''Helianthus pauciflorus''''', called the '''stiff sunflower''', is a North American plant species in the family [[Asteraceae]]. It is widespread across the [[Great Plains]], the [[Rocky Mountains]], and the [[Great Lakes region]], and naturalized in scattered locations in the eastern United States and in much of southern Canada (from [[Alberta]] to [[Nova Scotia]]).<ref>{{BONAP|ref |genus=Helianthus |species=pauciflorus}}</ref>


Stiff sunflower is a [[perennial]] [[herbaceous plant|herb]] {{cvt|50|-|200|cm|ftin|0}} tall, spreading by means of underground [[rhizomes]]. Most of the leaves are attached near the bottom of the stem. One plant can produces 1-10 [[flower heads]], each head with 10-20 yellow [[ray florets]] surrounding at least 75 red or (less often) yellow [[disc floret]]s.<ref name="FNA">{{eFloras|1|250066894|Helianthus pauciflorus |tribe=Heliantheae |first=Edward E. |last=Schilling}}</ref>
Stiff sunflower is a [[perennial]] [[herbaceous plant|herb]] {{cvt|50|-|200|cm|ftin|0}} tall, spreading by means of underground [[rhizomes]]. Most of the leaves are attached near the bottom of the stem. One plant can produces 1-10 [[flower heads]], each head with 10-20 yellow [[ray florets]] surrounding at least 75 red or (less often) yellow [[disc floret]]s.<ref name="FNA">{{eFloras|1|250066894|Helianthus pauciflorus |tribe=Heliantheae |first=Edward E. |last=Schilling}}</ref>
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; Subspecies<ref name=h/>
; Subspecies<ref name=h/>
* ''Helianthus pauciflorus'' subsp. ''pauciflorus'': {{cvt|80|-|200|cm|ftin|0}} tall; leaves [[alternate leaf|alternate]] near the end of the stem, {{cvt|8|-|27|cm|in|frac=4}} long, with tips [[acuminate]] (tapered to a point).<ref name="FNA" />
* ''Helianthus pauciflorus'' subsp. ''pauciflorus'': {{cvt|80|-|200|cm|ftin|0}} tall; leaves [[alternate leaf|alternate]] near the end of the stem, {{cvt|8|-|27|cm|in|frac=4}} long, with tips [[acuminate]] (tapered to a point).<ref name="FNA" />
* ''Helianthus pauciflorus'' subsp. ''subrhomboideus'' <small>([[Rydb.]]) [[Otmar Spring|O.Spring]] & [[Edward E. Schilling|E.E.Schill.]]</small>:<ref>{{IPNI |id=1070491-2 |taxon=Helianthus pauciflorus subsp. subrhomboideus |authority=(Rydb.) O.Spring & E.E.Schill.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=Otmar |last1=Spring |first2=Edward E. |last2=Schilling |title=The origin of Helianthus × multiflorus and H. × laetiflorus (Asteraceae) |journal=Biochemical Systematics and Ecology |volume=18 |issue=1 |date=1990 |pages=19-23 |doi=10.1016/0305-1978(90)90027-D}}</ref><!-- for names of authors --> {{cvt|50|-|120|cm|ftin|0}} tall; leaves [[opposite leaf|opposite]], {{cvt|5|-|12|cm|in|0}} long, with acute or obtuse tips.<ref name="FNA" />
* ''Helianthus pauciflorus'' subsp. ''subrhomboideus'' <small>([[Rydb.]]) [[Otmar Spring|O.Spring]] & [[Edward E. Schilling|E.E.Schill.]]</small>:<ref>{{IPNI |id=1070491-2 |taxon=Helianthus pauciflorus subsp. subrhomboideus |authority=(Rydb.) O.Spring & E.E.Schill.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=Otmar |last1=Spring |first2=Edward E. |last2=Schilling |title=The origin of Helianthus × multiflorus and H. × laetiflorus (Asteraceae) |journal=Biochemical Systematics and Ecology |volume=18 |issue=1 |date=1990 |pages=19–23 |doi=10.1016/0305-1978(90)90027-D}}</ref><!-- for names of authors --> {{cvt|50|-|120|cm|ftin|0}} tall; leaves [[opposite leaf|opposite]], {{cvt|5|-|12|cm|in|0}} long, with acute or obtuse tips.<ref name="FNA" />


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book | author=Pink, A. | url=http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11892|title=Gardening for the Million| year=2004 | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg]] Literary Archive Foundation}}
* {{cite book | author=Pink, A. | url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11892|title=Gardening for the Million| year=2004 | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg]] Literary Archive Foundation}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Go Botany |genus=Helianthus |species=parviflorus |link=1}}
* {{Illinois Wildflowers|prairie/plantx/pr_sunflowerx |link=1}}
* {{Illinois Wildflowers|prairie/plantx/pr_sunflowerx |link=1}}
* {{Kansas Wildflowers|164 |link=1}}
* {{Kansas Wildflowers|164 |link=1}}
* {{Michigan Flora|356 |link=1}}
* {{Michigan Flora |id=356 |link=1}}
* {{Minnesota Wildflowers|flower/stiff-sunflower |link=1}}
* {{Minnesota Wildflowers|flower/stiff-sunflower |link=1}}
* {{Missouri Plants |color=yellow |leaf=opp |genus=Helianthus |species=pauciflorus |link=1}}
* {{Flora of Wisconsin|3820 |link=1}}
* {{Flora of Wisconsin|3820 |link=1}}
* {{NPIN |link=1}}
* {{NPIN |link=1}}
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[[Category:Helianthus|pauciflorus]]
[[Category:Helianthus|pauciflorus]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1818]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1818]]
[[Category:Flora of North America]]
[[Category:Flora of Northern America]]


{{Heliantheae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 16:59, 4 October 2023

Helianthus pauciflorus

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Helianthus
Species:
H. pauciflorus
Binomial name
Helianthus pauciflorus
Synonyms[1]
  • Harpalium rigidum Cass.
  • Helianthus rigidus (Cass.) Desf.
  • Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb., syn of subsp. subrhomboideus

Helianthus pauciflorus, called the stiff sunflower, is a North American plant species in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains, and the Great Lakes region, and naturalized in scattered locations in the eastern United States and in much of southern Canada (from Alberta to Nova Scotia).[2]

Stiff sunflower is a perennial herb 50–200 cm (1 ft 8 in – 6 ft 7 in) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Most of the leaves are attached near the bottom of the stem. One plant can produces 1-10 flower heads, each head with 10-20 yellow ray florets surrounding at least 75 red or (less often) yellow disc florets.[3]

Hybrids between H. pauciflorus and H. tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) are known as H. × laetiflorus. The name H. laetiflorus has also been used as a synonym of H. pauciflorus.[4]

Subspecies[1]
  • Helianthus pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus: 80–200 cm (2 ft 7 in – 6 ft 7 in) tall; leaves alternate near the end of the stem, 8–27 cm (3+1⁄4–10+3⁄4 in) long, with tips acuminate (tapered to a point).[3]
  • Helianthus pauciflorus subsp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) O.Spring & E.E.Schill.:[5][6] 50–120 cm (1 ft 8 in – 3 ft 11 in) tall; leaves opposite, 5–12 cm (2–5 in) long, with acute or obtuse tips.[3]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Helianthus pauciflorus". The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC) – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  2. ^ "Helianthus pauciflorus". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Schilling, Edward E. (2006). "Helianthus pauciflorus". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 21. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. ^ Schilling, Edward E. (2006). "Helianthus × laetiflorus". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 21. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  5. ^ "Helianthus pauciflorus subsp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) O.Spring & E.E.Schill". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens.
  6. ^ Spring, Otmar; Schilling, Edward E. (1990). "The origin of Helianthus × multiflorus and H. × laetiflorus (Asteraceae)". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 18 (1): 19–23. doi:10.1016/0305-1978(90)90027-D.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helianthus_pauciflorus&oldid=1178591840"