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'''Maharishi Vedic City''' (MVC) is a city in [[Jefferson County, Iowa|Jefferson County]], [[Iowa]], United States. The population was 1,294 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. The city was first incorporated in 2001 as "Vedic City" but then officially changed its name to "Maharishi Vedic City" five months later. It was the first city to incorporate in Iowa since 1982.<ref name="NYT"/> Maharishi Vedic City consists of approximately one square mile, located about four miles north of [[Fairfield, Iowa|Fairfield]], the home of [[Maharishi University of Management]].<ref name=Lee/>
'''Maharishi Vedic City''' (MVC) is a city in [[Jefferson County, Iowa|Jefferson County]], [[Iowa]], United States. The population was 1,294 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. The city was first incorporated in 2001 as "Vedic City" but then officially changed its name to "Maharishi Vedic City" five months later. It was the first city to incorporate in Iowa since 1982.<ref name="NYT"/> Maharishi Vedic City consists of approximately one square mile, located about four miles north of [[Fairfield, Iowa|Fairfield]], the home of [[Maharishi University of Management]].<ref name=Lee/>


The city plan and buildings are based on [[Maharishi Sthapatya Veda]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020803163047/http://www.maharishivediccity.com/ Main Page] of Maharishi Vedic City web cite</ref><ref name="americanwaymag.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.americanwaymag.com/maharishi-university-of-management-college-of-vedic-medicine-mahesh-yogi-fairfield |work=American Way magazine |title=Home and Peace |first=William |last=Kissel |date=July 15, 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905155324/http://www.americanwaymag.com/maharishi-university-of-management-college-of-vedic-medicine-mahesh-yogi-fairfield |archivedate=September 5, 2009 |df= }}</ref> which is said to be an ancient system of architecture and design, revived by [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rejuvenation for Maharishi Center; Lancaster center regroups around Ayurveda practice|first=Karen |last=Nugent|work=Telegram & Gazette|location=Worcester, Mass.|date=November 4, 2009|page=B.10}}</ref> Its goals are to "protect, nourish, and satisfy everyone, upholding the different social, cultural, and religious traditions while maintaining the integrity and progress of the city as a whole".<ref name=Res1>{{cite web|url=http://www.maharishivediccity-iowa.gov/council/resolutions/01.html|title=Resolution No. 1: To Adopt the Constitution of the Universe—Total Natural Law—as the Constitution of the City and Sanskrit as its Ideal Language|date=November 13, 2001|publisher=.maharishivediccity-iowa.gov}}</ref>
The city plan and buildings are based on [[Maharishi Sthapatya Veda]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020803163047/http://www.maharishivediccity.com/ Main Page] of Maharishi Vedic City web cite</ref><ref name="americanwaymag.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.americanwaymag.com/maharishi-university-of-management-college-of-vedic-medicine-mahesh-yogi-fairfield |work=American Way magazine |title=Home and Peace |first=William |last=Kissel |date=July 15, 2005 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905155324/http://www.americanwaymag.com/maharishi-university-of-management-college-of-vedic-medicine-mahesh-yogi-fairfield |archivedate=September 5, 2009 }}</ref> which is said to be an ancient system of architecture and design, revived by [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rejuvenation for Maharishi Center; Lancaster center regroups around Ayurveda practice|first=Karen |last=Nugent|work=Telegram & Gazette|location=Worcester, Mass.|date=November 4, 2009|page=B.10}}</ref> Its goals are to "protect, nourish, and satisfy everyone, upholding the different social, cultural, and religious traditions while maintaining the integrity and progress of the city as a whole".<ref name=Res1>{{cite web|url=http://www.maharishivediccity-iowa.gov/council/resolutions/01.html|title=Resolution No. 1: To Adopt the Constitution of the Universe—Total Natural Law—as the Constitution of the City and Sanskrit as its Ideal Language|date=November 13, 2001|publisher=.maharishivediccity-iowa.gov}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The concept of a "Vedic City" was conceived by the Maharishi,<ref name="americanwaymag.com"/> and a real estate developer and several others began to actualize the vision for a [[Vedas|Vedic]] town in 1991.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news| url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E7DA1F31F934A25757C0A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=printl| title = In Many Ways, a New Iowa Town Looks to East| author = [[Jennifer 8 Lee]]| publisher = [[The New York Times]]| date = April 17, 2001| accessdate = 2007-06-25}}</ref> The first resolution of the city council proclaimed the constitution of the city to be the same as "the Constitution of the Universe — Total Natural Law — RK Veda".<ref name=Res1/>
The concept of a "Vedic City" was conceived by the Maharishi,<ref name="americanwaymag.com"/> and a real estate developer and several others began to actualize the vision for a [[Vedas|Vedic]] town in 1991.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news| url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E7DA1F31F934A25757C0A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=printl| title = In Many Ways, a New Iowa Town Looks to East| author = [[Jennifer 8 Lee]]| publisher = [[The New York Times]]| date = April 17, 2001| accessdate = 2007-06-25}}</ref> The first resolution of the city council proclaimed the constitution of the city to be the same as "the Constitution of the Universe — Total Natural Law — RK Veda".<ref name=Res1/>


More than a dozen developers purchased 50 farms totaling {{convert|3,000|acre|km2}}, some 1,200 of which were designated for the town itself.<ref name="NYT"/> Together, they planned a city arranged in ten circles totaling about one square mile, along with paved roads, utilities, sewage and Internet. They then began the first phase of construction, which included two hotels, various houses and office buildings. After one year, 46 structures had been built and more than $35 million spent on development.<ref>{{cite news|work=Ottumwa Courier|date=July 29, 2002|first2=Jo Ann|last2=Gesner|title=Its first year behind it, Vedic City sets lofty goals|first1=Jean|last1=Greco}}</ref> Financial and infrastructure needs led the developers to seek formal designation as a city from the state, and after petitioning the Iowa City Development Board and holding a [[referendum]],<ref name="NYT"/> it was incorporated as Iowa's newest city on July 21, 2001 — the first in Iowa since 1982. Planners expected the city to have a population of over 1,000 by 2010, many of them transplants from nearby [[Fairfield, Iowa|Fairfield]].<ref name="NYT"/> In the early stages of development, Vedic City set aside 50 acres as land for conservation and preservation. This acreage was then transformed from farmers' fields to native prairies, wetlands and forest.<ref name="detoursmagazine.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.detoursmagazine.com/component/content/article/55-destinations/161-vedic-city-rises-above |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-08-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123225701/http://www.detoursmagazine.com/component/content/article/55-destinations/161-vedic-city-rises-above |archivedate=2011-01-23 |df= }} Vedic City Rises Above, Jessica Rapp, Winter 2010</ref>
More than a dozen developers purchased 50 farms totaling {{convert|3,000|acre|km2}}, some 1,200 of which were designated for the town itself.<ref name="NYT"/> Together, they planned a city arranged in ten circles totaling about one square mile, along with paved roads, utilities, sewage and Internet. They then began the first phase of construction, which included two hotels, various houses and office buildings. After one year, 46 structures had been built and more than $35 million spent on development.<ref>{{cite news|work=Ottumwa Courier|date=July 29, 2002|first2=Jo Ann|last2=Gesner|title=Its first year behind it, Vedic City sets lofty goals|first1=Jean|last1=Greco}}</ref> Financial and infrastructure needs led the developers to seek formal designation as a city from the state, and after petitioning the Iowa City Development Board and holding a [[referendum]],<ref name="NYT"/> it was incorporated as Iowa's newest city on July 21, 2001 — the first in Iowa since 1982. Planners expected the city to have a population of over 1,000 by 2010, many of them transplants from nearby [[Fairfield, Iowa|Fairfield]].<ref name="NYT"/> In the early stages of development, Vedic City set aside 50 acres as land for conservation and preservation. This acreage was then transformed from farmers' fields to native prairies, wetlands and forest.<ref name="detoursmagazine.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.detoursmagazine.com/component/content/article/55-destinations/161-vedic-city-rises-above |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-08-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123225701/http://www.detoursmagazine.com/component/content/article/55-destinations/161-vedic-city-rises-above |archivedate=2011-01-23 }} Vedic City Rises Above, Jessica Rapp, Winter 2010</ref>


In 2002, a building known as "The Mansion" became a headquarters for the [[Global Country of World Peace]] (GCWP).<ref>[http://www.vediccity.net/capital/ Official Web Site] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724120938/http://www.vediccity.net/capital/ |date=2011-07-24 }}</ref> The Mayor of MVC is Bob Wynne, who is also the GCWP's Raja (administrator) of the Center of Vedic America and of New Zealand.<ref>{{cite press release|title=1050 Vedic Pandits for Maharishi Vedic City in Iowa to assure America has permanent invincibility |publisher=Deutsche Nachrichten Agentur |url=http://www.deutsche-nachrichten-agentur.de/de/verzeichnis/international/reports/393040049 |date=August 17, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628192533/http://www.deutsche-nachrichten-agentur.de/de/verzeichnis/international/reports/393040049/ |archivedate=June 28, 2009 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=More Vedic Pandits coming to America|work=Global Good News|url=http://www.globalgoodnews.com/world-peace-a.html?art=120777152111752695|date=April 9, 2008}}</ref>
In 2002, a building known as "The Mansion" became a headquarters for the [[Global Country of World Peace]] (GCWP).<ref>[http://www.vediccity.net/capital/ Official Web Site] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724120938/http://www.vediccity.net/capital/ |date=2011-07-24 }}</ref> The Mayor of MVC is Bob Wynne, who is also the GCWP's Raja (administrator) of the Center of Vedic America and of New Zealand.<ref>{{cite press release|title=1050 Vedic Pandits for Maharishi Vedic City in Iowa to assure America has permanent invincibility |publisher=Deutsche Nachrichten Agentur |url=http://www.deutsche-nachrichten-agentur.de/de/verzeichnis/international/reports/393040049 |date=August 17, 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628192533/http://www.deutsche-nachrichten-agentur.de/de/verzeichnis/international/reports/393040049/ |archivedate=June 28, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=More Vedic Pandits coming to America|work=Global Good News|url=http://www.globalgoodnews.com/world-peace-a.html?art=120777152111752695|date=April 9, 2008}}</ref>


According to city officials in 2004, "more than $200 million of venture capital had been invested in Fairfield and Vedic City companies during the past 13 years".<ref name=Lyderson>{{cite news|date=August 10, 2004 |title=Southeast Iowa becomes a Mecca for meditation |first=Kari |last=Lydersen |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002001151_iowa10.html |work=Seattle Times |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208022643/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002001151_iowa10.html |archivedate=December 8, 2008 |df= }}</ref> By 2006, the city consisted of more than 200 buildings.<ref name=Lee>{{cite news|title=Om on the Grange: They're Seriously Meditating In Fairfield, Iowa|first=Gary |last=Lee|work=The Washington Post|date=November 12, 2006|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/10/AR2006111000463.html}}</ref>
According to city officials in 2004, "more than $200 million of venture capital had been invested in Fairfield and Vedic City companies during the past 13 years".<ref name=Lyderson>{{cite news|date=August 10, 2004 |title=Southeast Iowa becomes a Mecca for meditation |first=Kari |last=Lydersen |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002001151_iowa10.html |work=Seattle Times |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208022643/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002001151_iowa10.html |archivedate=December 8, 2008 }}</ref> By 2006, the city consisted of more than 200 buildings.<ref name=Lee>{{cite news|title=Om on the Grange: They're Seriously Meditating In Fairfield, Iowa|first=Gary |last=Lee|work=The Washington Post|date=November 12, 2006|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/10/AR2006111000463.html}}</ref>


The city's residents include about 1,000 [[pandit]]s from India who live on a campus on the edge of the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Three new ways to experience Maharishi Vedic City |publisher=vediccity.net |accessdate=June 15, 2010 |url=http://www.vediccity.net/visitors/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724122322/http://vediccity.net/visitors/ |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> The 2010 census counted 259 people, placing the pandit campus outside the city. However, city officials said the pandits were mistakenly counted as county residents rather than part of the city's population and asked for a correction from the [[U.S. Census Bureau]].<ref name=ktvocensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.heartlandconnection.com/news/story.aspx?id=582387 | title = Can the census make one thousand Iowans disappear? | publisher = KTVO | date = 2011-02-11 | accessdate = 2011-02-27}}</ref><ref>[http://www.heartlandconnection.com/news/story.aspx?id=595956] Heartland Connection, Vedic City Residents remain missing until this summer, March 22, 2011, Greg Deffenbaugh, retrieved April 7, 2011</ref> According to the New York Times, the count was then increased to 1,294 by the Census Bureau "to reflect misplaced housing".<ref>Roberts, Sam [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/11/nyregion/ny-says-census-undercounted-brooklyn-and-queens.html?_r=1 NY Says Census Undercounted in Brooklyn] New York Times, August 10, 2011</ref>
The city's residents include about 1,000 [[pandit]]s from India who live on a campus on the edge of the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Three new ways to experience Maharishi Vedic City |publisher=vediccity.net |accessdate=June 15, 2010 |url=http://www.vediccity.net/visitors/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724122322/http://vediccity.net/visitors/ |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The 2010 census counted 259 people, placing the pandit campus outside the city. However, city officials said the pandits were mistakenly counted as county residents rather than part of the city's population and asked for a correction from the [[U.S. Census Bureau]].<ref name=ktvocensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.heartlandconnection.com/news/story.aspx?id=582387 | title = Can the census make one thousand Iowans disappear? | publisher = KTVO | date = 2011-02-11 | accessdate = 2011-02-27}}</ref><ref>[http://www.heartlandconnection.com/news/story.aspx?id=595956] Heartland Connection, Vedic City Residents remain missing until this summer, March 22, 2011, Greg Deffenbaugh, retrieved April 7, 2011</ref> According to the New York Times, the count was then increased to 1,294 by the Census Bureau "to reflect misplaced housing".<ref>Roberts, Sam [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/11/nyregion/ny-says-census-undercounted-brooklyn-and-queens.html?_r=1 NY Says Census Undercounted in Brooklyn] New York Times, August 10, 2011</ref>


In October 2011,<ref>{{cite web |title= Oprah Meditates With 400 Women In Iowa |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/23/oprah-meditates-iowa_n_1027114.html |date=2011-10-22 |publisher=[[Huffington Post]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What Oprah Knows for Sure About Finding the Fullest Expression of Yourself|author=Oprah Winfrey|authorlink=Oprah Winfrey|url=http://www.oprah.com/health/Oprah-on-Stillness-and-Meditation-Oprah-Visits-Fairfield-Iowa |date=February 2012 |publisher=[[O, The Oprah Magazine]] }}</ref> a television show titled "America's Most Unusual Town" aired on the [[Oprah Winfrey Network]] on March 25, 2012, and featured Winfrey's visit to Fairfield and Maharishi Vedic City.<ref>[http://www.oprah.com/own-oprahs-next-chapter/oprahs-next-chapter.html Sundays at 9/8c on OWN] #Nextchapter, Retrieved 27 March 2012</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120724021943/http://www.desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2012303240007 "Fairfield's fame levitates after Oprah's meditation"] Des Moines Register, March 24, 2012</ref>
In October 2011,<ref>{{cite web |title= Oprah Meditates With 400 Women In Iowa |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/23/oprah-meditates-iowa_n_1027114.html |date=2011-10-22 |publisher=[[Huffington Post]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What Oprah Knows for Sure About Finding the Fullest Expression of Yourself|author=Oprah Winfrey|authorlink=Oprah Winfrey|url=http://www.oprah.com/health/Oprah-on-Stillness-and-Meditation-Oprah-Visits-Fairfield-Iowa |date=February 2012 |publisher=[[O, The Oprah Magazine]] }}</ref> a television show titled "America's Most Unusual Town" aired on the [[Oprah Winfrey Network]] on March 25, 2012, and featured Winfrey's visit to Fairfield and Maharishi Vedic City.<ref>[http://www.oprah.com/own-oprahs-next-chapter/oprahs-next-chapter.html Sundays at 9/8c on OWN] #Nextchapter, Retrieved 27 March 2012</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120724021943/http://www.desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2012303240007 "Fairfield's fame levitates after Oprah's meditation"] Des Moines Register, March 24, 2012</ref>
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In November 2002, the [[city council]] passed an [[local ordinance|ordinance]] banning the sale of non-[[organic production|organic]] food within its borders.<ref name=Berman>{{cite news|work=ABC News|title=Transcendental Meditation Thrives in Iowa|first1=John|last1=Berman|first2=Maggie|last2=Burbank|date=January 8, 2010|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/transcendental-meditation-vedic-city-iowa/story?id=9218475}}</ref>
In November 2002, the [[city council]] passed an [[local ordinance|ordinance]] banning the sale of non-[[organic production|organic]] food within its borders.<ref name=Berman>{{cite news|work=ABC News|title=Transcendental Meditation Thrives in Iowa|first1=John|last1=Berman|first2=Maggie|last2=Burbank|date=January 8, 2010|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/transcendental-meditation-vedic-city-iowa/story?id=9218475}}</ref>


In 2003, the city began offering tours to the public and has several thousand visitors per year.<ref name=Lee/><ref name="DMR">{{cite news| url = http://desmoinesregister.com/life/stories/c2224444/21999670.html| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130122043402/http://desmoinesregister.com/life/stories/c2224444/21999670.html| dead-url = yes| archive-date = January 22, 2013| title = Vedic City opens its doors for tours| author = Ellen Heath| publisher = [[Des Moines Register]]| date = August 17, 2003| accessdate = 2007-03-05}}</ref> The city has an organic farm and sells produce to retail outlets such as the [[Whole Foods Market]].<ref name=Lyderson/> Maharishi Vedic City, and the nearby town of Fairfield, "receive federal grants from agencies including the Departments of Energy and Agriculture for developing renewable energy sources" and recycling programs.<ref name=Lyderson/>
In 2003, the city began offering tours to the public and has several thousand visitors per year.<ref name=Lee/><ref name="DMR">{{cite news| url = http://desmoinesregister.com/life/stories/c2224444/21999670.html| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130122043402/http://desmoinesregister.com/life/stories/c2224444/21999670.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = January 22, 2013| title = Vedic City opens its doors for tours| author = Ellen Heath| publisher = [[Des Moines Register]]| date = August 17, 2003| accessdate = 2007-03-05}}</ref> The city has an organic farm and sells produce to retail outlets such as the [[Whole Foods Market]].<ref name=Lyderson/> Maharishi Vedic City, and the nearby town of Fairfield, "receive federal grants from agencies including the Departments of Energy and Agriculture for developing renewable energy sources" and recycling programs.<ref name=Lyderson/>


The city council voted to ban the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers within the city limits in April 2005, becoming the first all-organic city in the country.<ref name=Lee/>
The city council voted to ban the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers within the city limits in April 2005, becoming the first all-organic city in the country.<ref name=Lee/>


===Pandit Compound and Protests of 2014===
===Pandit Compound and Protests of 2014===
A large fenced compound houses between 300 and 1000 [[Pandit]] meditators at the edge of Vedic City as part of a program to foster world peace through meditation that began in 2007.<ref name=gazette1>{{cite news|last=Jordan|first=Erin|title=Pandits treated as employees, some have issues with pay ‘We get less money than we need’|url=http://thegazette.com/2014/03/16/pandits-treated-as-employees-some-have-issues-with-pay-2/|accessdate=16 March 2014|newspaper=Cedar Rapids Gazette|date=16 March 2014}}</ref> These Indian Pandits came to the U.S. on a religious visa program, and are paid $200 a month, $150 of which is sent back to their families in India.<ref name=gazette1 /> In the past, large numbers of the Pandits have "disappeared", presumably to find work in the U.S.<ref name=NIT1>{{cite news|last=Dutt|first=Ela|title=Young Vedic Pandits Go Missing from Iowa-based Sponsoring Organization|url=http://newsindiatimes.com/young-vedic-pandits-go-missing-from-iowa-based-sponsoring-organization/|accessdate=16 March 2014|newspaper=News India Times|date=2014}}</ref> On March 11, 2014, the Jefferson County Sheriff was called to the Pandit compound to investigate a disturbance, in which a group of Pandits were protesting the deportation of a popular Pandit. The Sheriff's car was damaged in the melee after being mobbed by 60-70 Pandits; order was restored after more Jefferson County sheriff's deputies, Fairfield police and the Iowa State patrol responded.<ref name=KCRG1>{{cite news|last=Carlson |first=Mark |title=Peace Restored On Pandit Campus Near Vedic City After Morning Incident |url=http://www.kcrg.com/news/local/Peace-Restored-On-Pandit-Campus-Near-Vedic-City-After-Morning-Incident-249577271.html |accessdate=16 March 2014 |newspaper=KCRG-TV9 News |date=Mar 11, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315060408/http://www.kcrg.com/news/local/Peace-Restored-On-Pandit-Campus-Near-Vedic-City-After-Morning-Incident-249577271.html |archivedate=15 March 2014 |df= }}</ref> This incident led to press investigations of conditions at the Pandit compound, particularly the enforced seclusion and segregation of the Pandits from the community.<ref name=gazette1 />
A large fenced compound houses between 300 and 1000 [[Pandit]] meditators at the edge of Vedic City as part of a program to foster world peace through meditation that began in 2007.<ref name=gazette1>{{cite news|last=Jordan|first=Erin|title=Pandits treated as employees, some have issues with pay ‘We get less money than we need’|url=http://thegazette.com/2014/03/16/pandits-treated-as-employees-some-have-issues-with-pay-2/|accessdate=16 March 2014|newspaper=Cedar Rapids Gazette|date=16 March 2014}}</ref> These Indian Pandits came to the U.S. on a religious visa program, and are paid $200 a month, $150 of which is sent back to their families in India.<ref name=gazette1 /> In the past, large numbers of the Pandits have "disappeared", presumably to find work in the U.S.<ref name=NIT1>{{cite news|last=Dutt|first=Ela|title=Young Vedic Pandits Go Missing from Iowa-based Sponsoring Organization|url=http://newsindiatimes.com/young-vedic-pandits-go-missing-from-iowa-based-sponsoring-organization/|accessdate=16 March 2014|newspaper=News India Times|date=2014}}</ref> On March 11, 2014, the Jefferson County Sheriff was called to the Pandit compound to investigate a disturbance, in which a group of Pandits were protesting the deportation of a popular Pandit. The Sheriff's car was damaged in the melee after being mobbed by 60-70 Pandits; order was restored after more Jefferson County sheriff's deputies, Fairfield police and the Iowa State patrol responded.<ref name=KCRG1>{{cite news|last=Carlson |first=Mark |title=Peace Restored On Pandit Campus Near Vedic City After Morning Incident |url=http://www.kcrg.com/news/local/Peace-Restored-On-Pandit-Campus-Near-Vedic-City-After-Morning-Incident-249577271.html |accessdate=16 March 2014 |newspaper=KCRG-TV9 News |date=Mar 11, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315060408/http://www.kcrg.com/news/local/Peace-Restored-On-Pandit-Campus-Near-Vedic-City-After-Morning-Incident-249577271.html |archivedate=15 March 2014 }}</ref> This incident led to press investigations of conditions at the Pandit compound, particularly the enforced seclusion and segregation of the Pandits from the community.<ref name=gazette1 />


==Geography==
==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|3.36|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2012-05-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-01-25 |df= }}</ref>
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|3.36|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2012-05-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-01-25 }}</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
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|2010|1294
|2010|1294
|2016|1310
|2016|1310
|source=<center>U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426102944/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=April 26, 2015|df= }}</ref></center>
|source=<center>U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426102944/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=April 26, 2015}}</ref></center>
|footnote=Source:{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|title=American FactFinder}} and [http://data.iowadatacenter.org/datatables/PlacesAll/plpopulation18502000.pdf Iowa Data Center]
|footnote=Source:{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|title=American FactFinder}} and [http://data.iowadatacenter.org/datatables/PlacesAll/plpopulation18502000.pdf Iowa Data Center]
}}
}}
Line 134: Line 134:


==Features==
==Features==
Maharishi Vedic City utilizes a system of building called Maharishi Sthapatya Veda design architecture.<ref name="americanwaymag.com"/> This ancient Indian system of architecture and city planning is said to promote happiness, peace and prosperity for its occupants.<ref name=Lee/><ref name="americanwaymag.com"/> In Maharishi Sthapatya Veda, all structures are built according to precise Vedic proportions, with rooms placed according to the movement of the sun and entrances that face due east.<ref name=Lee/><ref name="americanwaymag.com"/> In addition, each building includes an interior, silent core called a "brahmasthan", a perimeter boundary called a "vastu fence" and a gold-colored roof fixture called a "kalash".<ref>{{cite news|work=House King Magazine|date=April 2006|title=Vedic Architecture|first=Lillian Delgado|last=de Veechlarell}}</ref><ref name=AAAmag>{{cite news|work=AAA Magazine |date=July 2005 |title=Spotlight: Maharishi Vedic City |first=Linda |last=Egenes |url=http://www.autoclubgroup.com/mnia/travel/aaaliving/article.aspx?articleId=226&zip=52556 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510192339/http://www.autoclubgroup.com/mnia/travel/aaaliving/article.aspx?articleId=226&zip=52556 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2006-05-10 }}</ref>
Maharishi Vedic City utilizes a system of building called Maharishi Sthapatya Veda design architecture.<ref name="americanwaymag.com"/> This ancient Indian system of architecture and city planning is said to promote happiness, peace and prosperity for its occupants.<ref name=Lee/><ref name="americanwaymag.com"/> In Maharishi Sthapatya Veda, all structures are built according to precise Vedic proportions, with rooms placed according to the movement of the sun and entrances that face due east.<ref name=Lee/><ref name="americanwaymag.com"/> In addition, each building includes an interior, silent core called a "brahmasthan", a perimeter boundary called a "vastu fence" and a gold-colored roof fixture called a "kalash".<ref>{{cite news|work=House King Magazine|date=April 2006|title=Vedic Architecture|first=Lillian Delgado|last=de Veechlarell}}</ref><ref name=AAAmag>{{cite news|work=AAA Magazine |date=July 2005 |title=Spotlight: Maharishi Vedic City |first=Linda |last=Egenes |url=http://www.autoclubgroup.com/mnia/travel/aaaliving/article.aspx?articleId=226&zip=52556 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510192339/http://www.autoclubgroup.com/mnia/travel/aaaliving/article.aspx?articleId=226&zip=52556 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-05-10 }}</ref>
[[File:MaharishiVedicObservatory.JPG|thumb|175px|left|Instruments at the Vedic Observatory.]]
[[File:MaharishiVedicObservatory.JPG|thumb|175px|left|Instruments at the Vedic Observatory.]]
One of the unique features of the city is an outdoor Vedic Observatory consisting of ten, six feet tall, white, concrete-and-marble astronomical instruments arranged in a circle.<ref name=AAAmag/> According to the Observatory developer, Tim Fitz-Randolph, each instrument is precisely aligned with the sun, moon and stars, and could be used to calculate their actual movements and has the potential to create inner happiness and balance in the physiology.<ref name="NYT"/><ref name=AAAmag/>
One of the unique features of the city is an outdoor Vedic Observatory consisting of ten, six feet tall, white, concrete-and-marble astronomical instruments arranged in a circle.<ref name=AAAmag/> According to the Observatory developer, Tim Fitz-Randolph, each instrument is precisely aligned with the sun, moon and stars, and could be used to calculate their actual movements and has the potential to create inner happiness and balance in the physiology.<ref name="NYT"/><ref name=AAAmag/>
Line 151: Line 151:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite news|title=Vedic City, USA |issue=3 |date=March 2009 |pages=82–93 |first=Cody |last=Montgomery |work=In*Tandem |url=http://www.intandemmagazine.com/archive/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022105751/http://www.intandemmagazine.com/archive/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2008-10-22 }}
*{{cite news|title=Vedic City, USA |issue=3 |date=March 2009 |pages=82–93 |first=Cody |last=Montgomery |work=In*Tandem |url=http://www.intandemmagazine.com/archive/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022105751/http://www.intandemmagazine.com/archive/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-10-22 }}


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 15:52, 25 September 2019

Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa
City
Homes in Maharishi Vedic City
Homes in Maharishi Vedic City
Country United States
State Iowa
CountyJefferson
Government
 • MayorBob Wynne
Area
[1]
 • Total3.36 sq mi (8.7 km2)
 • Land3.36 sq mi (8.7 km2)
 • Water0 sq mi (0 km2)
Elevation
791 ft (241 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total1,294
 • Estimate 
(2016)[2]
1,310
 • Density75/sq mi (28.8/km2)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP codes
52556
Area code641
GNIS feature ID2395815
Websitewww.maharishivediccity-iowa.gov

Maharishi Vedic City (MVC) is a city in Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,294 at the 2010 census. The city was first incorporated in 2001 as "Vedic City" but then officially changed its name to "Maharishi Vedic City" five months later. It was the first city to incorporate in Iowa since 1982.[3] Maharishi Vedic City consists of approximately one square mile, located about four miles north of Fairfield, the home of Maharishi University of Management.[4]

The city plan and buildings are based on Maharishi Sthapatya Veda,[5][6] which is said to be an ancient system of architecture and design, revived by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.[7] Its goals are to "protect, nourish, and satisfy everyone, upholding the different social, cultural, and religious traditions while maintaining the integrity and progress of the city as a whole".[8]

History

The concept of a "Vedic City" was conceived by the Maharishi,[6] and a real estate developer and several others began to actualize the vision for a Vedic town in 1991.[3] The first resolution of the city council proclaimed the constitution of the city to be the same as "the Constitution of the Universe — Total Natural Law — RK Veda".[8]

More than a dozen developers purchased 50 farms totaling 3,000 acres (12 km2), some 1,200 of which were designated for the town itself.[3] Together, they planned a city arranged in ten circles totaling about one square mile, along with paved roads, utilities, sewage and Internet. They then began the first phase of construction, which included two hotels, various houses and office buildings. After one year, 46 structures had been built and more than $35 million spent on development.[9] Financial and infrastructure needs led the developers to seek formal designation as a city from the state, and after petitioning the Iowa City Development Board and holding a referendum,[3] it was incorporated as Iowa's newest city on July 21, 2001 — the first in Iowa since 1982. Planners expected the city to have a population of over 1,000 by 2010, many of them transplants from nearby Fairfield.[3] In the early stages of development, Vedic City set aside 50 acres as land for conservation and preservation. This acreage was then transformed from farmers' fields to native prairies, wetlands and forest.[10]

In 2002, a building known as "The Mansion" became a headquarters for the Global Country of World Peace (GCWP).[11] The Mayor of MVC is Bob Wynne, who is also the GCWP's Raja (administrator) of the Center of Vedic America and of New Zealand.[12][13]

According to city officials in 2004, "more than $200 million of venture capital had been invested in Fairfield and Vedic City companies during the past 13 years".[14] By 2006, the city consisted of more than 200 buildings.[4]

The city's residents include about 1,000 pandits from India who live on a campus on the edge of the city.[15] The 2010 census counted 259 people, placing the pandit campus outside the city. However, city officials said the pandits were mistakenly counted as county residents rather than part of the city's population and asked for a correction from the U.S. Census Bureau.[16][17] According to the New York Times, the count was then increased to 1,294 by the Census Bureau "to reflect misplaced housing".[18]

In October 2011,[19][20] a television show titled "America's Most Unusual Town" aired on the Oprah Winfrey Network on March 25, 2012, and featured Winfrey's visit to Fairfield and Maharishi Vedic City.[21][22]

Organic economy

In November 2002, the city council passed an ordinance banning the sale of non-organic food within its borders.[23]

In 2003, the city began offering tours to the public and has several thousand visitors per year.[4][24] The city has an organic farm and sells produce to retail outlets such as the Whole Foods Market.[14] Maharishi Vedic City, and the nearby town of Fairfield, "receive federal grants from agencies including the Departments of Energy and Agriculture for developing renewable energy sources" and recycling programs.[14]

The city council voted to ban the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers within the city limits in April 2005, becoming the first all-organic city in the country.[4]

Pandit Compound and Protests of 2014

A large fenced compound houses between 300 and 1000 Pandit meditators at the edge of Vedic City as part of a program to foster world peace through meditation that began in 2007.[25] These Indian Pandits came to the U.S. on a religious visa program, and are paid $200 a month, $150 of which is sent back to their families in India.[25] In the past, large numbers of the Pandits have "disappeared", presumably to find work in the U.S.[26] On March 11, 2014, the Jefferson County Sheriff was called to the Pandit compound to investigate a disturbance, in which a group of Pandits were protesting the deportation of a popular Pandit. The Sheriff's car was damaged in the melee after being mobbed by 60-70 Pandits; order was restored after more Jefferson County sheriff's deputies, Fairfield police and the Iowa State patrol responded.[27] This incident led to press investigations of conditions at the Pandit compound, particularly the enforced seclusion and segregation of the Pandits from the community.[25]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.36 square miles (8.70 km2), all of it land.[1]

Demographics

Historical populations
YearPop.±%
20101,294—    
20161,310+1.2%
Source:"American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. and Iowa Data Center
Source:
U.S. Decennial Census[28]

The Census Bureau has since done a recount for the 2010 census[29]

As of the census[30] of 2010, there were 259 people, 142 households, and 48 families residing in the city. The population density was 77.1 inhabitants per square mile (29.8/km2). There were 174 housing units at an average density of 51.8 per square mile (20.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.0% White, 2.3% African American, 1.5% Asian, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.

There were 142 households out of which 2.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.3% were married couples living together, 2.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 66.2% were non-families. 47.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.74 and the average family size was 2.33.

The median age in the city was 57.8 years. 2.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 12.3% were from 25 to 44; 69.1% were from 45 to 64; and 10.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.

Features

Maharishi Vedic City utilizes a system of building called Maharishi Sthapatya Veda design architecture.[6] This ancient Indian system of architecture and city planning is said to promote happiness, peace and prosperity for its occupants.[4][6] In Maharishi Sthapatya Veda, all structures are built according to precise Vedic proportions, with rooms placed according to the movement of the sun and entrances that face due east.[4][6] In addition, each building includes an interior, silent core called a "brahmasthan", a perimeter boundary called a "vastu fence" and a gold-colored roof fixture called a "kalash".[31][32]

Instruments at the Vedic Observatory.

One of the unique features of the city is an outdoor Vedic Observatory consisting of ten, six feet tall, white, concrete-and-marble astronomical instruments arranged in a circle.[32] According to the Observatory developer, Tim Fitz-Randolph, each instrument is precisely aligned with the sun, moon and stars, and could be used to calculate their actual movements and has the potential to create inner happiness and balance in the physiology.[3][32]

The city also owns and operates a 160-acre (0.65 km2) organic farm which includes a 1.2-acre (4,900 m2) greenhouse. A wind turbine operates the green houses and was paid for in part by a USDA renewable energy grant.[10] The farm distributes its "50 varieties of fruits and vegetables" locally as well as to restaurants in Iowa City, Des Moines and Chicago. The city has plans to expand the greenhouses to 70 acres (280,000 m2). The city does not have any streetlights or utility poles and its master plan includes only electric cars within the city limits. The city council has voted to provide its residents with "off-grid power" from wind and solar generated power.[32]

Rukmapura Park Hotel, Maharishi Vedic City

A Maharishi Ayur-Veda Spa Center and Hotel called "The Raj" is located in MVC on a 100-acre (0.40 km2) estate with gardens, lakes and nature trails. It offers a variety of treatments in accordance with the Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health. The city also features the Rukmapura Park Hotel, a "25-room wood structure in the tradition of European country inns".[3][32]

The 2001 master plan includes two domes in the center of the city to serve as a venue for group practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique and the TM-Sidhi program, including Yogic Flying. Residents subscribe to the theory and research that group practice of this technique "will create coherence for the whole country".[3] In 2006, a Los Angeles Times reporter wrote that the city "displays all the architectural characteristics of a new exurban development: gaudy, over sized construction that has no stylistic relation to its environment."[33] A 2010 article reported that city officials were working with Tom Doak on the construction of a public golf course.[34]

Government

The city has a commitment to balance, natural law and the principles of the Veda (ancient texts in Sanskrit).[23] Maharishi Vedic City is administered by a five-person city council.[35] Sanskrit has been named the city's "ideal language", although English and other common languages are also used.

References

  1. ^ a b "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-25. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
  2. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Jennifer 8 Lee (April 17, 2001). "In Many Ways, a New Iowa Town Looks to East". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-06-25.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b c d e f Lee, Gary (November 12, 2006). "Om on the Grange: They're Seriously Meditating In Fairfield, Iowa". The Washington Post.
  5. ^ Main Page of Maharishi Vedic City web cite
  6. ^ a b c d e Kissel, William (July 15, 2005). "Home and Peace". American Way magazine. Archived from the original on September 5, 2009.
  7. ^ Nugent, Karen (November 4, 2009). "Rejuvenation for Maharishi Center; Lancaster center regroups around Ayurveda practice". Telegram & Gazette. Worcester, Mass. p. B.10.
  8. ^ a b "Resolution No. 1: To Adopt the Constitution of the Universe—Total Natural Law—as the Constitution of the City and Sanskrit as its Ideal Language". .maharishivediccity-iowa.gov. November 13, 2001.
  9. ^ Greco, Jean; Gesner, Jo Ann (July 29, 2002). "Its first year behind it, Vedic City sets lofty goals". Ottumwa Courier.
  10. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-01-23. Retrieved 2010-08-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Vedic City Rises Above, Jessica Rapp, Winter 2010
  11. ^ Official Web Site Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "1050 Vedic Pandits for Maharishi Vedic City in Iowa to assure America has permanent invincibility" (Press release). Deutsche Nachrichten Agentur. August 17, 2007. Archived from the original on June 28, 2009.
  13. ^ "More Vedic Pandits coming to America". Global Good News. April 9, 2008.
  14. ^ a b c Lydersen, Kari (August 10, 2004). "Southeast Iowa becomes a Mecca for meditation". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008.
  15. ^ "Three new ways to experience Maharishi Vedic City". vediccity.net. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
  16. ^ "Can the census make one thousand Iowans disappear?". KTVO. 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  17. ^ [1] Heartland Connection, Vedic City Residents remain missing until this summer, March 22, 2011, Greg Deffenbaugh, retrieved April 7, 2011
  18. ^ Roberts, Sam NY Says Census Undercounted in Brooklyn New York Times, August 10, 2011
  19. ^ "Oprah Meditates With 400 Women In Iowa". Huffington Post. 2011-10-22.
  20. ^ Oprah Winfrey (February 2012). "What Oprah Knows for Sure About Finding the Fullest Expression of Yourself". O, The Oprah Magazine.
  21. ^ Sundays at 9/8c on OWN #Nextchapter, Retrieved 27 March 2012
  22. ^ "Fairfield's fame levitates after Oprah's meditation" Des Moines Register, March 24, 2012
  23. ^ a b Berman, John; Burbank, Maggie (January 8, 2010). "Transcendental Meditation Thrives in Iowa". ABC News.
  24. ^ Ellen Heath (August 17, 2003). "Vedic City opens its doors for tours". Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013. Retrieved 2007-03-05.
  25. ^ a b c Jordan, Erin (16 March 2014). "Pandits treated as employees, some have issues with pay 'We get less money than we need'". Cedar Rapids Gazette. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  26. ^ Dutt, Ela (2014). "Young Vedic Pandits Go Missing from Iowa-based Sponsoring Organization". News India Times. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  27. ^ Carlson, Mark (Mar 11, 2014). "Peace Restored On Pandit Campus Near Vedic City After Morning Incident". KCRG-TV9 News. Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  28. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  29. ^ https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/notes/cqr-IA-gu.pdf
  30. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
  31. ^ de Veechlarell, Lillian Delgado (April 2006). "Vedic Architecture". House King Magazine.
  32. ^ a b c d e Egenes, Linda (July 2005). "Spotlight: Maharishi Vedic City". AAA Magazine. Archived from the original on 2006-05-10.
  33. ^ Chocano, Carina (September 10, 2006). "Meditation comes with creature comforts at Iowa's Maharishi University". Los Angeles Times.
  34. ^ JACOBS, LACEY (August 9, 2010). "Vedic City golf course development continues: At this point, the earliest the first nine holes could open is in the spring of 2012". Fairfield Ledger.
  35. ^ City Council Members at Maharishi Vedic City Official Web Site

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa.

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