Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of universities in Nova Scotia/archive1 and Red Turban Rebellions: Difference between pages
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{{redirect|White Lotus Revolution|the Chinese uprising against the Qing Dynasty|White Lotus Rebellion}} |
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===[[List of universities in Nova Scotia]]=== |
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The '''Red Turban Rebellion''' ({{zh-c|c=紅巾起義 Hóngjīn Qǐyì}}) was an uprising much influenced by the [[White Lotus]] Society members that targeted the ruling [[Yuan Dynasty]]. |
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I am submitting my first list for the [[Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Contest|FLC Contest]]. Please participate if you've got something to comment on! The map was created by [[User:Matthewedwards|Matthewedwards]], by the way :) <font face="Verdana">[[User:Gary King|<font color="#02e">Gary</font> <font color="#02b"><b>King</b></font>]] ([[User talk:Gary King|<font color="#02e">talk</font>]])</font> 20:12, 10 October 2008 (UTC) |
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== Causes == |
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In [[1333]], the [[Mongol]] [[Yuan Dynasty]] was experiencing problems. The [[Yellow River]] [[flood| flooded]] constantly, and other [[natural]] [[disaster| disasters]] also occurred. At the same time, the Yuan Dynasty required considerable [[military]] expenditure to maintain its vast [[empire]]. This was solved mostly through additional [[taxation]] that fell mainly on the [[Han Chinese]] population which constituted the lowest two [[caste]]s in the four castes of the under the Yuan Dynasty.<ref name = "guide">[http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/yuan/index.htm Yuan Dynasty: Ancient China Dynasties, paragraph 3.]</ref> |
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== The Red Turban Army == |
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The Red Turban Army (紅巾軍) was originally started by the followers of [[White Lotus]] (白蓮教) and [[Manichaeism]] (摩尼教) to resist the Mongols. The name "Red Turban" was used because of their [[tradition]] of using [[red]] [[banner| banners]] and wearing red [[turban| turbans]] to distinguish themselves. |
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These [[rebellion| rebellions]] began on a sporadic basis, firstly on the [[coast]] of [[Zhejiang]] (浙江), when [[Fang Guozhen]] (a Han) and his men assaulted a group of Yuan [[official| officials]]. After that, the White Lotus [[society]] led by [[Han Shantong]] (韓山童) in the north of the Yellow River became the centre of anti-Mongol sentiment. Few of the rebellion groups made overtures to the Korean Kingdom of [[Goryeo]], technically a tributary ally of the Yuan Dynasty. Though initially successful, they were eventually expelled by the Goryeo army lead by [[Choe Yeong]] and [[Yi Seonggye]]. |
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In [[1351]], the society plotted an armed rebellion, but the plan was disclosed and Han Shantong was [[arrest]]ed and [[execution|executed]] by the Yuan Government. After his [[death]], [[Liu Futong]] (劉福通), a prominent member of the White Lotus, assisted Han's [[son]], Han Lin'er (韓林兒), to [[succession| succeed]] his [[father]] and [[establishment| establish]] the Red Turban Army. After that, several other Han [[rebel| rebels]] in the [[south]] of the [[Yangtze River]] [[revolt| revolted]] under the [[name]] of the [[Southern]] Red Turbans. Among the key [[leaders]] of the Southern Red Turbans were [[Xu Shouhui]] (徐壽輝) and [[Chen Youliang]] (陳友諒). |
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== Conclusion == |
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{{main|Hongwu Emperor}} |
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One of the more significant Red Turban leaders was [[Zhu Yuanzhang]]. At first, he followed [[Guo Zixing]], and in fact later [[marriage| married]] Guo's [[daughter]]. After Guo's death, Zhu was seen as the leader of the rebellion and took over Guo's army. |
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Between [[1356]] and [[1367]], Zhu began a series of [[campaign]]s seeking to defeat his opponents in the Red Turbans. At first, he nominally supported Han Liner to stabilize his [[northern]] [[frontier]]. Then he defeated his rivals [[Chen Youliang]], Zhang Shicheng and Fang Guozhen one by one. After rising to dominance, he [[drowning|drowned]] Han Liner. Calling for a [[Race (classification of human beings)|racial]] revolution to overthrow the Mongols and restore the Han Chinese, Zhu gained popular support. |
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In [[1368]], Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in [[Nanjing|Yintian]], historically known as the [[Hongwu Emperor]] of the [[Ming Dynasty]]. The next year, the Ming [[Army]] captured [[Beijing|Dadu]], and the rule of Yuan Dynasty was officially over. [[China]] was unified again. |
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== Footnotes == |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Rebellions in China]] |
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[[Category:Yuan Dynasty]] |
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[[Category:Ming Dynasty]] |
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[[Category:14th century in China]] |
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[[Category:14th century conflicts]] |
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[[de:Rote Turbane]] |
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[[fr:Révolte des Turbans rouges]] |
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[[ko:홍건적의 고려 침공]] |
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[[ms:Pemberontakan Serban Merah]] |
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[[ja:紅巾の乱]] |
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[[no:De røde turbaners opprør]] |
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[[ru:Восстание Красных повязок]] |
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[[zh:紅巾軍]] |
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Revision as of 21:57, 10 October 2008
The Red Turban Rebellion (Chinese: 紅巾起義 Hóngjīn Qǐyì) was an uprising much influenced by the White Lotus Society members that targeted the ruling Yuan Dynasty.
Causes
In 1333, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty was experiencing problems. The Yellow River flooded constantly, and other natural disasters also occurred. At the same time, the Yuan Dynasty required considerable military expenditure to maintain its vast empire. This was solved mostly through additional taxation that fell mainly on the Han Chinese population which constituted the lowest two castes in the four castes of the under the Yuan Dynasty.[1]
The Red Turban Army
The Red Turban Army (紅巾軍) was originally started by the followers of White Lotus (白蓮教) and Manichaeism (摩尼教) to resist the Mongols. The name "Red Turban" was used because of their tradition of using red banners and wearing red turbans to distinguish themselves.
These rebellions began on a sporadic basis, firstly on the coast of Zhejiang (浙江), when Fang Guozhen (a Han) and his men assaulted a group of Yuan officials. After that, the White Lotus society led by Han Shantong (韓山童) in the north of the Yellow River became the centre of anti-Mongol sentiment. Few of the rebellion groups made overtures to the Korean Kingdom of Goryeo, technically a tributary ally of the Yuan Dynasty. Though initially successful, they were eventually expelled by the Goryeo army lead by Choe Yeong and Yi Seonggye.
In 1351, the society plotted an armed rebellion, but the plan was disclosed and Han Shantong was arrested and executed by the Yuan Government. After his death, Liu Futong (劉福通), a prominent member of the White Lotus, assisted Han's son, Han Lin'er (韓林兒), to succeed his father and establish the Red Turban Army. After that, several other Han rebels in the south of the Yangtze River revolted under the name of the Southern Red Turbans. Among the key leaders of the Southern Red Turbans were Xu Shouhui (徐壽輝) and Chen Youliang (陳友諒).
Conclusion
One of the more significant Red Turban leaders was Zhu Yuanzhang. At first, he followed Guo Zixing, and in fact later married Guo's daughter. After Guo's death, Zhu was seen as the leader of the rebellion and took over Guo's army.
Between 1356 and 1367, Zhu began a series of campaigns seeking to defeat his opponents in the Red Turbans. At first, he nominally supported Han Liner to stabilize his northern frontier. Then he defeated his rivals Chen Youliang, Zhang Shicheng and Fang Guozhen one by one. After rising to dominance, he drowned Han Liner. Calling for a racial revolution to overthrow the Mongols and restore the Han Chinese, Zhu gained popular support.
In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yintian, historically known as the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The next year, the Ming Army captured Dadu, and the rule of Yuan Dynasty was officially over. China was unified again.