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→‎Ryūgū-no-tsukai and Jinjahime: Downsliding jinjahime here as per WP:DUE (Ryugu being Jinjahime's master is extremely minor point, not lede material) <ref>+ (researcher Kagawa apud Maruyama's column/blog)→‎Monuments: Katase-Enoshima Station here.
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[[Image:KataseEnoshimaStation.jpg|thumb|[[Katase-Enoshima Station]]]]
[[Image:KataseEnoshimaStation.jpg|thumb|[[Katase-Enoshima Station]]]]


In [[Japanese folklore]], {{nihongo|'''Ryūgū-jō'''|竜宮城, 龍宮城||"Dragon palace castle"}} is the undersea palace of [[Ryūjin]], the dragon [[kami]] of the sea.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sykes |first1=Egerton |editor1-last=Kendall |editor1-first=Alan |title=Who's Who in Non-Classical Mythology |date=1993 |publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc. |location=New York |page=166}}</ref> [[Oto-hime|Princess Otohime]], her maidens, and Ryūjin's vassals reside in the palace, as well.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=F. Hadland |title=Myths and Legends of Japan |date=1912 |publisher=George G. Harrap & Company |location=London |page=325 |url=https://www.globalgreyebooks.com/content/books/ebooks/myths-and-legends-of-japan.pdf#page=375 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412091341/https://www.globalgreyebooks.com/content/books/ebooks/myths-and-legends-of-japan.pdf#page=375 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Jinja hime'' are [[yōkai]] that serve in Ryūgū-jo. During the [[Edo period]], a ''jinja hime'' reportedly appeared on a beach proclaiming to be "a messenger from Ryūgū." With a six-meter-long, snake-like body, they resemble [[giant oarfish]], which are called ''ryūgū no tsukai'' (lit. "messenger of Ryūgū") in Japanese.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Meyer |first1=Matthew |title=Jinja hime |url=http://yokai.com/jinjahime/ |website=Yokai.com |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501181203/http://yokai.com/jinjahime/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Yamamoto |first1=Daiki |title=Sea serpents' arrival puzzling, or portentous? |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/03/06/news/sea-serpents-arrival-puzzling-or-portentous/#.XpNXrpp7mL_ |website=The Japan Times |publisher=The Japan Times |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=6 March 2010 |archive-date=28 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128045023/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/03/06/news/sea-serpents-arrival-puzzling-or-portentous/#.XpNXrpp7mL_ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In [[Japanese folklore]], {{nihongo|'''Ryūgū-jō'''|竜宮城, 龍宮城||"Dragon palace castle"}} is the undersea palace of [[Ryūjin]], the dragon [[kami]] of the sea.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sykes |first1=Egerton |editor1-last=Kendall |editor1-first=Alan |title=Who's Who in Non-Classical Mythology |date=1993 |publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc. |location=New York |page=166}}</ref> [[Oto-hime|Princess Otohime]], her maidens, and Ryūjin's vassals reside in the palace, as well.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=F. Hadland |title=Myths and Legends of Japan |date=1912 |publisher=George G. Harrap & Company |location=London |page=325 |url=https://www.globalgreyebooks.com/content/books/ebooks/myths-and-legends-of-japan.pdf#page=375 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412091341/https://www.globalgreyebooks.com/content/books/ebooks/myths-and-legends-of-japan.pdf#page=375 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


== General description ==
Ryūgū-jō is described in [[Urashima Tarō]] as located a several-day swim beneath the sea. A marvelous gate appears before it. Different versions describe the palace made of gold, crystal, coral, and pearl with sloping roofs that can be seen over the gate. The large hall within is illuminated by fish scales. A garden surrounds the palace, each of the four sides corresponding to a different season: [[sakura]] in bloom to the east (spring), buzzing [[cicadas]] to the south (summer), multi-colored maple leaves to the west (autumn), and snow-covered ground to the north (winter).<ref>{{cite web |editor-last1=Lang |editor-first1=Andrew |title=The Pink Fairy Book |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/5615/5615-h/5615-h.htm#link2H_4_0006 |website=Project Gutenberg |publisher=Project Gutenberg |access-date=12 April 2020 |location=Urbana, Illinois |date=17 December 2016 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215025718/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/5615/5615-h/5615-h.htm#link2H_4_0006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ozaki |first1=Yei Theodora |title=The Story of Urashima Taro, the Fisher Lad |url=https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/72/japanese-fairy-tales/4881/the-story-of-urashima-taro-the-fisher-lad/ |website=Lit2Go |publisher=Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=1908 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412091338/https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/72/japanese-fairy-tales/4881/the-story-of-urashima-taro-the-fisher-lad/ |url-status=live }}</ref> One account has three days spent within Ryūgū-jō equal to three hundred years above the surface whereas another version has three Ryūgū-jō years as seven hundred surface years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Urashima Taro: What's the Moral of this Japanese Folk Legend? |url=https://jpninfo.com/40842 |website=Japan Info |publisher=Japan Info |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=29 January 2016 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412091333/https://jpninfo.com/40842 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ryūgū-jō is described in [[Urashima Tarō]] as located a several-day swim beneath the sea. A marvelous gate appears before it. Different versions describe the palace made of gold, crystal, coral, and pearl with sloping roofs that can be seen over the gate. The large hall within is illuminated by fish scales. A garden surrounds the palace, each of the four sides corresponding to a different season: [[sakura]] in bloom to the east (spring), buzzing [[cicadas]] to the south (summer), multi-colored maple leaves to the west (autumn), and snow-covered ground to the north (winter).<ref>{{cite web |editor-last1=Lang |editor-first1=Andrew |title=The Pink Fairy Book |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/5615/5615-h/5615-h.htm#link2H_4_0006 |website=Project Gutenberg |publisher=Project Gutenberg |access-date=12 April 2020 |location=Urbana, Illinois |date=17 December 2016 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215025718/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/5615/5615-h/5615-h.htm#link2H_4_0006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ozaki |first1=Yei Theodora |title=The Story of Urashima Taro, the Fisher Lad |url=https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/72/japanese-fairy-tales/4881/the-story-of-urashima-taro-the-fisher-lad/ |website=Lit2Go |publisher=Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=1908 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412091338/https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/72/japanese-fairy-tales/4881/the-story-of-urashima-taro-the-fisher-lad/ |url-status=live }}</ref> One account has three days spent within Ryūgū-jō equal to three hundred years above the surface whereas another version has three Ryūgū-jō years as seven hundred surface years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Urashima Taro: What's the Moral of this Japanese Folk Legend? |url=https://jpninfo.com/40842 |website=Japan Info |publisher=Japan Info |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=29 January 2016 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412091333/https://jpninfo.com/40842 |url-status=live }}</ref>


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Ryūgū Shrine derives its name from Ryūgū-jō. Located on Cape Nagasakibana (also known as Cape Ryūgū)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ryugu Shrine |url=https://japanrailandtravel.com/interests/culture-history/shrines-temples/ryugu-shrine/ |website=Japan RAIL & TRAVEL |date=24 September 2019 |publisher=KOTSU SHIMBUNSHA |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412193359/https://japanrailandtravel.com/interests/culture-history/shrines-temples/ryugu-shrine/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ryugu Shrine |url=https://www.kyushuandtokyo.org/spot_60/ |website=KYUSHU x TOKYO |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412193357/https://www.kyushuandtokyo.org/spot_60/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in southern [[Kagoshima]], it is said to be where Urashima Tarō traveled to Ryūgū-jō.<ref>{{cite web |title=Palace of the Dragon King Shrine: Ryugu Jinja |url=https://ikidane-nippon.com/en/interest/palace-of-the-dragon-king-shrine-ryugu-jinja |website=IKIDANE NIPPON |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412193357/https://ikidane-nippon.com/en/interest/palace-of-the-dragon-king-shrine-ryugu-jinja |url-status=live }}</ref> Locals honor Ryūjin and turtles as protectors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ryugu Shrine (龍宮神社) |url=http://kic-update.com/en/travel/ryugu-shrine-%E9%BE%8D%E5%AE%AE%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE/ |website=KAGOSHIMA Visitors' GUIDE |publisher=Kagoshima Internationalization Council |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=19 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219225915/http://kic-update.com/en/travel/ryugu-shrine-%E9%BE%8D%E5%AE%AE%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ryugu Shrine |url=https://japantravel.navitime.com/en/area/jp/guide/NTJtrv0622-en/ |website=Japan Travel |publisher=NAVITIME JAPAN |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=18 December 2017 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412193358/https://japantravel.navitime.com/en/area/jp/guide/NTJtrv0622-en/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ryūgū Shrine derives its name from Ryūgū-jō. Located on Cape Nagasakibana (also known as Cape Ryūgū)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ryugu Shrine |url=https://japanrailandtravel.com/interests/culture-history/shrines-temples/ryugu-shrine/ |website=Japan RAIL & TRAVEL |date=24 September 2019 |publisher=KOTSU SHIMBUNSHA |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412193359/https://japanrailandtravel.com/interests/culture-history/shrines-temples/ryugu-shrine/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ryugu Shrine |url=https://www.kyushuandtokyo.org/spot_60/ |website=KYUSHU x TOKYO |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412193357/https://www.kyushuandtokyo.org/spot_60/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in southern [[Kagoshima]], it is said to be where Urashima Tarō traveled to Ryūgū-jō.<ref>{{cite web |title=Palace of the Dragon King Shrine: Ryugu Jinja |url=https://ikidane-nippon.com/en/interest/palace-of-the-dragon-king-shrine-ryugu-jinja |website=IKIDANE NIPPON |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412193357/https://ikidane-nippon.com/en/interest/palace-of-the-dragon-king-shrine-ryugu-jinja |url-status=live }}</ref> Locals honor Ryūjin and turtles as protectors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ryugu Shrine (龍宮神社) |url=http://kic-update.com/en/travel/ryugu-shrine-%E9%BE%8D%E5%AE%AE%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE/ |website=KAGOSHIMA Visitors' GUIDE |publisher=Kagoshima Internationalization Council |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=19 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219225915/http://kic-update.com/en/travel/ryugu-shrine-%E9%BE%8D%E5%AE%AE%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ryugu Shrine |url=https://japantravel.navitime.com/en/area/jp/guide/NTJtrv0622-en/ |website=Japan Travel |publisher=NAVITIME JAPAN |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=18 December 2017 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412193358/https://japantravel.navitime.com/en/area/jp/guide/NTJtrv0622-en/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


== Local lore ==
⚫
[[Katase-Enoshima Station]] in [[Fujisawa, Kanagawa|Fujisawa]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]] is designed to evoke the feeling of Ryūgū-jō.<ref>{{cite press release |date=12 December 2017 |title=竜宮城の雰囲気を踏襲しながら、ますます便利で快適に片瀬江ノ島駅の改良工事を実施します [Carrying out improvements on Katase-Enoshima Station more conveniently and comfortably while following the feeling of Ryūgū-jō] |url=http://www.odakyu.jp/program/info/data.info/8728_6535650_.pdf |language=ja |publisher=Odakyu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212132101/http://www.odakyu.jp/program/info/data.info/8728_6535650_.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2017 |access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Legend of Ryūjin |url=https://www.kcpinternational.com/2014/06/the-legend-of-ryujin/ |website=KCP International |publisher=KCP International |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=23 June 2014 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412182436/https://www.kcpinternational.com/2014/06/the-legend-of-ryujin/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


In the [[Ryukyuan religion]], Ryūgū-jō ([[Okinawan language|Okinawan]]: ''Ruuguu'') is the source of fire for all family and village hearths.<ref>George H. Kerr, ''Okinawa: History of an Island People'' (Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1958), 36.</ref>
In the [[Ryukyuan religion]], Ryūgū-jō ([[Okinawan language|Okinawan]]: ''Ruuguu'') is the source of fire for all family and village hearths.<ref>George H. Kerr, ''Okinawa: History of an Island People'' (Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1958), 36.</ref>

== Ryūgū-no-tsukai and Jinjahime ==

The Japanese name for the deep-sea dwelling [[giant oarfish]] is {{nihongo|''ryūgū-no-tsukai''|リュウグウノツカイ|extra=}}, literally lit. "messenger/servant of Ryūgū" or "Messenger from the Sea God’s Palace".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yamamoto |first1=Daiki |title=Sea serpents' arrival puzzling, or portentous? |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/03/06/news/sea-serpents-arrival-puzzling-or-portentous/#.XpNXrpp7mL_ |website=The Japan Times |publisher=The Japan Times |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=6 March 2010 |archive-date=28 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128045023/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/03/06/news/sea-serpents-arrival-puzzling-or-portentous/#.XpNXrpp7mL_ |url-status=live }}</ref>

This real species of fish may have been the origins of the mythical {{illm|jinjahime|ja|神社姫|lt=''jinjahime''}}, which also claimed to be a "messenger/servant of Ryūgū".<ref name="kagawa-apud-maruyama"/><ref name="meyer-webart"/>{{Refn|The ''jinjahime'' is also mentioned in connection with the iconic ''[[ababie]]'' bearing resemblance to oarfish, ''Huffington Post''.<ref name="huffpost20200317"/>}} This {{nihongo||神社姫|extra=lit. 'shrine princess'}}, was a type of the so-called "prophet beast" (''yogenjū'') during the [[Edo period]], which prophesied bountiful harvest followed by [[epidemic]].<ref name="tsunemitsu2012b"/>

== Monuments ==
⚫
The [[Katase-Enoshima Station]] in [[Fujisawa, Kanagawa|Fujisawa]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]] is a structure built to resemble Ryūgū-jō, as a mock-up.<ref>{{cite press release |date=12 December 2017 |title=竜宮城の雰囲気を踏襲しながら、ますます便利で快適に片瀬江ノ島駅の改良工事を実施します [Carrying out improvements on Katase-Enoshima Station more conveniently and comfortably while following the feeling of Ryūgū-jō] |url=http://www.odakyu.jp/program/info/data.info/8728_6535650_.pdf |language=ja |publisher=Odakyu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212132101/http://www.odakyu.jp/program/info/data.info/8728_6535650_.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2017 |access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Legend of Ryūjin |url=https://www.kcpinternational.com/2014/06/the-legend-of-ryujin/ |website=KCP International |publisher=KCP International |access-date=12 April 2020 |date=23 June 2014 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412182436/https://www.kcpinternational.com/2014/06/the-legend-of-ryujin/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="huffpost20200317">{{cite news|last=Ando |first=Kenji |author-link=:ja:安藤健二 |title=Amabie no shōtai wa ryūgūnotsukai? Shingata korona de dairyū |script-title=ja:アマビエの正体はリュウグウノツカイ？ <!--新型コロナで大流行の妖怪で推測する声: オオジカオリさん「災いを予言するという点から似ているなと思いました」-->|journal=Huffpost |date=2020-03-17 |publisher= |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/entry/amabie-ryugu_jp_5e704a7cc5b60fb69ddcf7db}}</ref>

<ref name="kagawa-apud-maruyama">Masanobu Kagawa, curator at [[Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of History]]<!--香川雅信（兵庫県立歴史博物館学芸員）-->: "Jinjahime introduces herself as a servant of Ryūgū-jō and it probably originated from the oarfish. 神社姫は自ら竜宮城からの使いと名乗っており、深海魚のリュウグウノツカイが原型だろう。<!--アマビコは古代中国から伝わる『猩々しょうじょう』を連想させる-->" quoted in {{cite blog|last=Maruyama |first=Jun'ichi |author-link=<!--丸山淳一--> |title=〈Ima ni tsunagaru Nihonshi〉Higōhō no shippaisaku 'amabie' wa, naze 180 nengo ni fukkatsu shitanoka |script-title=ja:〈今につながる日本史〉非合法の失敗作「アマビエ」は、なぜ180年後に復活したのか|work= |date=3 September 2020|url=https://note.com/maruyomi4049/n/n5cea87a31c84}}; blog version of column Maruyama (3 September 2020), "[https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/column/japanesehistory/20200831-OYT8T50124/?=tile ''Higōhō no shippaisaku... korona taisan de kyakkō no amabie ni igai na kako'' 非合法の失敗作…コロナ退散で脚光のアマビエに意外な過去]", Yomiuri Shimbun Online<!--読売新聞オンライン--></ref>

<ref name="meyer-webart">{{cite web |last1=Meyer |first1=Matthew |author-link=<!--Matthew Meyer (illustrator)--> |title=Jinja hime |url=http://yokai.com/jinjahime/ |website=Yokai.com |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501181203/http://yokai.com/jinjahime/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="tsunemitsu2012b">{{citation|last=Tsunemitsu |first=Tōru |author-link=:ja:常光徹 |title=Ryūkōbyō to yogenjū |script-title=ja:流行病と予言獣 |trans-title=Epidemic and Prophet Beasts |journal=Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History [Report on Investigation and Research Activity]<!--国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告--> |volume=174 |date=March 2012b |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Q8gstsJOWgC&q=jinjahime |page=200<!--183–200--->}} (English abstract)</ref>
}}


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Revision as of 05:38, 5 October 2022

"Dragon Palace" redirects here. Not to be confused with Dragon Palace Temple or Palace of the Dragon Throne.
Katase-Enoshima Station

In Japanese folklore, Ryūgū-jō (竜宮城, 龍宮城, "Dragon palace castle") is the undersea palace of Ryūjin, the dragon kami of the sea.[1] Princess Otohime, her maidens, and Ryūjin's vassals reside in the palace, as well.[2]

General description

Ryūgū-jō is described in Urashima Tarō as located a several-day swim beneath the sea. A marvelous gate appears before it. Different versions describe the palace made of gold, crystal, coral, and pearl with sloping roofs that can be seen over the gate. The large hall within is illuminated by fish scales. A garden surrounds the palace, each of the four sides corresponding to a different season: sakura in bloom to the east (spring), buzzing cicadas to the south (summer), multi-colored maple leaves to the west (autumn), and snow-covered ground to the north (winter).[3][4] One account has three days spent within Ryūgū-jō equal to three hundred years above the surface whereas another version has three Ryūgū-jō years as seven hundred surface years.[5]

Urashima and Otohime in the Autumn side of the undersea palace, watching deer. Japanese watercolor from late 16th or early 17th century
The Winter side of the palace, with a light snow on the garden

Ryūgū Shrine derives its name from Ryūgū-jō. Located on Cape Nagasakibana (also known as Cape Ryūgū)[6][7] in southern Kagoshima, it is said to be where Urashima Tarō traveled to Ryūgū-jō.[8] Locals honor Ryūjin and turtles as protectors.[9][10]

Local lore

In the Ryukyuan religion, Ryūgū-jō (Okinawan: Ruuguu) is the source of fire for all family and village hearths.[11]

Ryūgū-no-tsukai and Jinjahime

The Japanese name for the deep-sea dwelling giant oarfish is ryūgū-no-tsukai (リュウグウノツカイ), literally lit. "messenger/servant of Ryūgū" or "Messenger from the Sea God’s Palace".[12]

This real species of fish may have been the origins of the mythical jinjahime [ja], which also claimed to be a "messenger/servant of Ryūgū".[13][14][16] This (神社姫, lit. 'shrine princess'), was a type of the so-called "prophet beast" (yogenjū) during the Edo period, which prophesied bountiful harvest followed by epidemic.[17]

Monuments

The Katase-Enoshima Station in Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture is a structure built to resemble Ryūgū-jō, as a mock-up.[18][19]

See also

References

  1. ^ Sykes, Egerton (1993). Kendall, Alan (ed.). Who's Who in Non-Classical Mythology. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. p. 166.
  2. ^ Davis, F. Hadland (1912). Myths and Legends of Japan (PDF). London: George G. Harrap & Company. p. 325. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  3. ^ Lang, Andrew, ed. (17 December 2016). "The Pink Fairy Book". Project Gutenberg. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  4. ^ Ozaki, Yei Theodora (1908). "The Story of Urashima Taro, the Fisher Lad". Lit2Go. Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  5. ^ "Urashima Taro: What's the Moral of this Japanese Folk Legend?". Japan Info. Japan Info. 29 January 2016. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  6. ^ "Ryugu Shrine". Japan RAIL & TRAVEL. KOTSU SHIMBUNSHA. 24 September 2019. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  7. ^ "Ryugu Shrine". KYUSHU x TOKYO. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  8. ^ "Palace of the Dragon King Shrine: Ryugu Jinja". IKIDANE NIPPON. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  9. ^ "Ryugu Shrine (龍宮神社)". KAGOSHIMA Visitors' GUIDE. Kagoshima Internationalization Council. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  10. ^ "Ryugu Shrine". Japan Travel. NAVITIME JAPAN. 18 December 2017. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  11. ^ George H. Kerr, Okinawa: History of an Island People (Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1958), 36.
  12. ^ Yamamoto, Daiki (6 March 2010). "Sea serpents' arrival puzzling, or portentous?". The Japan Times. The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  13. ^ Masanobu Kagawa, curator at Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of History: "Jinjahime introduces herself as a servant of Ryūgū-jō and it probably originated from the oarfish. 神社姫は自ら竜宮城からの使いと名乗っており、深海魚のリュウグウノツカイが原型だろう。" quoted in Maruyama, Jun'ichi (3 September 2020). "〈Ima ni tsunagaru Nihonshi〉Higōhō no shippaisaku 'amabie' wa, naze 180 nengo ni fukkatsu shitanoka" 〈今につながる日本史〉非合法の失敗作「アマビエ」は、なぜ180年後に復活したのか.; blog version of column Maruyama (3 September 2020), "Higōhō no shippaisaku... korona taisan de kyakkō no amabie ni igai na kako 非合法の失敗作…コロナ退散で脚光のアマビエに意外な過去", Yomiuri Shimbun Online
  14. ^ Meyer, Matthew. "Jinja hime". Yokai.com. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  15. ^ Ando, Kenji [in Japanese] (2020-03-17). "Amabie no shōtai wa ryūgūnotsukai? Shingata korona de dairyū" アマビエの正体はリュウグウノツカイ？. Huffpost.
  16. ^ The jinjahime is also mentioned in connection with the iconic ababie bearing resemblance to oarfish, Huffington Post.[15]
  17. ^ Tsunemitsu, Tōru [in Japanese] (March 2012b), "Ryūkōbyō to yogenjū" 流行病と予言獣 [Epidemic and Prophet Beasts], Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History [Report on Investigation and Research Activity], 174: 200 (English abstract)
  18. ^ "竜宮城の雰囲気を踏襲しながら、ますます便利で快適に片瀬江ノ島駅の改良工事を実施します [Carrying out improvements on Katase-Enoshima Station more conveniently and comfortably while following the feeling of Ryūgū-jō]" (PDF) (Press release) (in Japanese). Odakyu. 12 December 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  19. ^ "The Legend of Ryūjin". KCP International. KCP International. 23 June 2014. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.


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