Nihonshoki

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nihonshoki: Edition from the Azuchi Momoyama period (1599)

The Nihonshoki ( Japanese 日本 書 紀 , German "Chronicle of Japan in individual writings"), rarely also in a Kun reading by Yamatobumi , is the second oldest historical work of Japan still in existence after the Kojiki . It was completed in 720 and the first of the six official stories of the empire ( Rikkokushi ). The book is written in classical Chinese and divided into 30 fascicles (+ 1 volume genealogies, lost today). It includes a cosmogony (saga of the origins of the world) and a genealogy of the ancient Japanese emperors ( Tennō ), which extends to the life of Empress Jitō (645-703). It also contains extracts from Chinese Wei Zhi and Korean paekche ki , paekche pon'gi, and paekche sinch'an . The work is also known as Nihongi ( 日本 紀 , dt. "Chronicle of Japan"), but is now mostly referred to as Nihonshoki .

Emergence

The author of the Nihonshoki was according to the foreword of the work, Prince Toneri-shinnō ( 舎 人 親王 , 676-735), who is now generally regarded as the editor. He was the son of Emperor Temmus who initiated the project of writing a national chronicle in the Chinese style. Since the compilation took place under the supremacy of the Fujiwara , the work is partly tendentious. In addition, numerous other authors, possibly even Chinese, Korean and Buddhist monks, were undoubtedly involved in the drafting, which can be seen from the different styles and the very fragmentary nature of the work.

Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku Shoku Nihon Kōki Nihon Kōki Shoku Nihongi Nihon Shoki Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku Shoku Nihon Kōki Nihon Kōki Shoku Nihongi Nihon Shoki

The Nihonshoki is based on various sources. It was created based on the model of Chinese histories and cites numerous "writings" ( 書 ), the exact source of which is not named. Allegedly, it is based on older history books such as Tennōki and Kokuki , which were written in 620 but are no longer preserved. Both are said to have been burned in the Isshi incident ( 乙巳 の 変 , Isshi no hen ) - with which the supremacy of the Soga clan at court - in 645. Since the Kamakura period , the work has been regarded as a sacred text of Shinto .

Edition from the Heian period (794–1185)

Despite the fact that the work is much more factual, historiographical in comparison to the Kojiki , which corresponds to the Chinese historical tradition, the Nihonshoki also contains a great deal of religious and mythological material and is therefore of inestimable value both for the general early history and for the religious history of Japan, should can only be used to a limited extent as an objective historical source.

Fascicle

  1. (Mythology) Kami no Yo no Kami no maki.
  2. (Mythology) Kami no Yo no Shimo no maki.
  3. (Emperor Jimmu ) Kamuyamato Iwarebiko no Sumeramikoto.
  4. (Emperor Suizei ) Kamu Nunakawamimi no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Annei ) Shikitsuhiko Tamatemi no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Itoku ) Ōyamato Hikosukitomo no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Kōshō ) Mimatsuhiko Sukitomo no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Koan ) Yamato Tarashihiko Kuni Oshihito no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Kōrei ) Ōyamato Nekohiko Futoni no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Kōgen ) Ōyamato Nekohiko Kunikuru no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Kaika ) Wakayamato Nekohiko Ōbibi no Sumeramikoto.
  5. (Emperor Sujin ) Mimaki Iribiko Iniye no Sumeramikoto.
  6. (Emperor Suinin ) Ikume Iribiko Isachi no Sumeramikoto.
  7. (Emperor Keikō ) Ōtarashihiko Oshirowake no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Seimu ) Waka Tarashihiko no Sumeramikoto.
  8. (Emperor Chūai ) Tarashi Nakatsuhiko no Sumeramikoto.
  9. (Empress Jingū ) Okinaga Tarashihime no Mikoto.
  10. (Emperor Ōjin ) Homuda no Sumeramikoto.
  11. (Emperor Nintoku ) Ōsasagi no Sumeramikoto.
  12. (Emperor Richū ) Izahowake no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Hanzei ) Mitsuhawake no Sumeramikoto.
  13. (Emperor Ingyō ) Oasazuma Wakugo no Sukune no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Ankō ) Anaho no Sumeramikoto.
  14. (Emperor Yūryaku ) Ōhatsuse no Waka Takeru no Sumeramikoto.
  15. (Emperor Seinei ) Shiraka no Take Hirokuni Oshi Waka Yamato Neko no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Kenzō ) Woke no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Ninken ) Oke no Sumeramikoto.
  16. (Emperor Buretsu ) Ohatsuse no Waka Sasagi no Sumeramikoto.
  17. (Emperor Keitai ) Ōdo no Sumeramikoto.
  18. (Emperor Ankan ) Hirokuni Oshi Take Kanahi no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Senka ) Take Ohirokuni Oshi Tate no Sumeramikoto.
  19. (Emperor Kimmei ) Amekuni Oshiharaki Hironiwa no Sumeramikoto.
  20. (Emperor Bidatsu ) Nunakakura no Futo Tamashiki no Sumeramikoto.
  21. (Emperor Yōmei ) Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumeramikoto.
    (Emperor Sushun ) Hatsusebe no Sumeramikoto.
  22. (Empress Suiko ) Toyomike Kashikiya Hime no Sumeramikoto.
  23. (Emperor Jomei ) Okinaga Tarashi Hihironuka no Sumeramikoto.
  24. (Empress Kōgyoku ) Ame Toyotakara Ikashi Hitarashi no Hime no Sumeramikoto.
  25. (Emperor Kōtoku ) Ame Yorozu Toyohi no Sumeramikoto.
  26. (Empress Saimei ) Ame Toyotakara Ikashi Hitarashi no Hime no Sumeramikoto.
  27. (Emperor Tenji ) Ame Mikoto Hirakasuwake no Sumeramikoto.
  28. (Emperor Temmu ) Ama no Nunakahara Oki no Mahito no Sumeramikoto, Kami no maki.
  29. (Emperor Temmu) Ama no Nunakahara Oki no Mahito no Sumeramikoto, Shimo no maki.
  30. (Empress Jitō ) Takamanohara Hirono Hime no Sumeramikoto.

Translations

The first translation of Nihonshoki into English was published by WG Aston as early as 1896 and is still the standard translation today ( Nihongi, Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to AD 697 ), but parts of the work were also translated into German by Karl Florenz ( Japanese Annals and Japanese Mythology , 1892–1903).

literature

  • Karl Florence: Japanese Mythology. Nihongi. "Age of the Gods", along with additions from other old source works . In: Supplement to the "Mittheilungen" of the German Society for Nature and Ethnology of East Asia . Hobunsha, Tokyo 1901 ( archive.org - Fascicles I and II).
  • Karl Florenz: Japanese Annals AD 592-697. Nihongi book XXII – XXX from Suiko-Tennō to Jitō-Tennō . In: Supplement to the "Mittheilungen" of the German Society for Natural History and Ethnology of East Asia . 2nd revised edition. Hobunsha, Tokyo 1903 ( archive.org - fascicle XXII – XXX).
  • William George Aston : Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to AD 697 . In: Transactions and Proceedings of The Japan Society, London . Supplement I. Volume I and II. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Limited, London 1896 ( archive.org - English translation of Nihonshoki).
  • Karl Florenz: The historical sources of the Shinto religion. Translated and explained from Old Japanese and Chinese . Göttingen 1997, ISBN 3-525-54119-8
  • Nelly Naumann : The Myths of Ancient Japan . Munich 1996, ISBN 3-406-41147-9

Web links

Wikisource: Nihonshoki  - Sources and full texts (Chinese)
Commons : Nihon Shoki  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files