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{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Ulmus chenmoui.jpg
|image = Ulmus chenmoui.jpg
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|status = EN
|status = EN
|status_system = IUCN2.3
|status_system = IUCN2.3
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=World Conservation Monitoring Centre |date=1998 |title=''Ulmus chenmoui'' |volume=1998 |page=e.T32458A9708541 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T32458A9708541.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
|status_ref =
|genus = Ulmus
|genus = Ulmus
|species = chenmoui
|species = chenmoui
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}}
}}


'''''Ulmus chenmoui''''' <small>W. C. Cheng</small>, commonly known as the '''Chenmou''', or '''Langya Mountain, elm''', is a small [[deciduous]] tree from the more temperate provinces of [[Anhui]] and [[Jiangsu]] in eastern China, where it is found at elevations below 200&nbsp;m on the Langya Shan and Baohua Shan mountains.<ref name=Fu,a>Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). ''China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1''. Science Press, Beijing.</ref><ref name=Fu,b>Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, US. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]</ref> The tree was unknown in the West until 1979, when seeds were sent from [[Beijing]] to the De Dorschkamp research institute at [[Wageningen]] in the Netherlands.<ref name=Heybroek>{{cite journal | last = Heybroek | first=Hans M.|journal = Proceedings of the Dutch Elm Disease symposium and workshop, October 5–9, Winnipeg, Manitoba|title = The Japanese elm species and their value for the Dutch elm breeding program|pages = 78–90|date=1981|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/2055474/1/MPKV-1936.pdf}}</ref>
'''''Ulmus chenmoui''''' <small>W. C. Cheng</small>, commonly known as the '''Chenmou''', or '''Langya Mountain elm''', is a small [[deciduous]] tree from the more temperate provinces of [[Anhui]] and [[Jiangsu]] in eastern China, where it is found at elevations below 200&nbsp;m on the Langya Shan and Baohua Shan mountains.<ref name=Fu,a>Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). ''China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1''. Science Press, Beijing.</ref><ref name=Fu,b>Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, US. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]</ref> The tree was unknown in the West until 1979, when seeds were sent from [[Beijing]] to the De Dorschkamp research institute at [[Wageningen]] in the Netherlands.<ref name=Heybroek>{{cite journal | last = Heybroek | first=Hans M.|journal = Proceedings of the Dutch Elm Disease Symposium and Workshop, October 5–9, Winnipeg, Manitoba|title = The Japanese elm species and their value for the Dutch elm breeding program|pages = 78–90|date=1981|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/2055474/1/MPKV-1936.pdf}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
Although the tree can grow to a height of < 20&nbsp;m, the slender trunk rarely exceeds 0.5&nbsp;m [[d.b.h.]]; the bark exfoliates in irregular flakes. The wing-less twigs bear comparatively large [[leaf shape|obovate]] to [[leaf shape|oblong]] leaves < 18&nbsp;cm in length [http://www.asianflora.com/Ulmaceae/Ulmus-chienmoui.htm], with doubly serrate margins and caudate to acuminate apices. Leaves of specimens grown in the US developed a thick pubescence, giving them a greyish appearance, but this has not been reciprocated in English - grown trees. The [[perfect flower|perfect]] wind-pollinated [[apetalous]] flowers are produced on second-year shoots in March; the [[Samara (fruit)|samarae]] are obovate < 25&nbsp;mm long by 17&nbsp;mm wide and ripen in April.
Although the tree can grow to a height of < 20&nbsp;m, the slender trunk rarely exceeds 0.5&nbsp;m [[d.b.h.]]; the bark exfoliates in irregular flakes. The wing-less twigs bear comparatively large [[leaf shape|obovate]] to [[leaf shape|oblong]] leaves < 18&nbsp;cm in length<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianflora.com/Ulmaceae/Ulmus-chienmoui.htm|title = ''Photograph labelled U. chienmoui'', asianflora Ulmaceae}}</ref> with doubly serrate margins and caudate to acuminate apices. Leaves of specimens grown in the US developed a thick pubescence, giving them a greyish appearance, but this has not been reciprocated in English - grown trees. The [[perfect flower|perfect]] wind-pollinated [[apetalous]] flowers are produced on second-year shoots in March; the [[Samara (fruit)|samarae]] are obovate < 25&nbsp;mm long by 17&nbsp;mm wide and ripen in April.
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Chenmoui foliage.jpg|''U. chenmoui'' foliage
Image:Chenmoui foliage.jpg|''U. chenmoui'' foliage
File:Unripe fruit and leaves of Ulmus chenmoui.jpg|Leaves and fruit of ''U. chenmoui''
Image:Ulmus chenmoui winged samara.jpg|''U. chenmoui'' samarae
Image:Ulmus chenmoui winged samara.jpg|''U. chenmoui'' samarae
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Pests and diseases==
==Pests and diseases==
''U. chenmoui'' has a very high resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]], on a par with ''[[Ulmus pumila]]'',<ref name=Heybroek/> and is eschewed by the elm leaf beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]'', but has a moderate susceptibility to [[elm yellows]]. <ref name=Mittempergher,a>{{cite journal|first1=L.|last1=Mittempergher|first2=N.|last2=La Porter|journal=Silvae Genetica|title=Hybridization studies in the Eurasian species of elm (Ulmus spp.)|volume=40|date=1991|pages=237–243|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nicola_La_Porta/publication/307906515_Hybridization_studies_in_Eurasian_species_of_elms_Ulmus_spp/links/57d13d1208ae0c0081e00b89/Hybridization-studies-in-Eurasian-species-of-elms-Ulmus-spp.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|access-date=17 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132152/http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|title=Elm Leaf Beetle Survey|archive-date=2011-07-19}}</ref><ref>Sfalanga, A, Martini, M., Surico, G., & Bertaccini, A. (2002). Involvement of phytoplasmas in a decline of Ulmus chenmoui in Central Italy. ''Forest Pathology'', Vol. 32, Issue 4-5, 265-275, August 2002.</ref>
''U. chenmoui'' has a very high resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]], on a par with ''[[Ulmus pumila]]'',<ref name=Heybroek/> and is eschewed by the elm leaf beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]'', but has a moderate susceptibility to [[elm yellows]].<ref name=Mittempergher,a>{{cite journal|first1=L.|last1=Mittempergher|first2=N.|last2=La Porter|journal=Silvae Genetica|title=Hybridization studies in the Eurasian species of elm (Ulmus spp.)|volume=40|date=1991|pages=237–243|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307906515}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|access-date=17 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132152/http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|title=Elm Leaf Beetle Survey|archive-date=2011-07-19}}</ref><ref>Sfalanga, A, Martini, M., Surico, G., & Bertaccini, A. (2002). Involvement of phytoplasmas in a decline of Ulmus chenmoui in Central Italy. ''Forest Pathology'', Vol. 32, Issue 4-5, 265-275, August 2002.</ref>


==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
The tree remains rare in cultivation in the West, but was under evaluation by Dr [[George Ware]] at the [[Morton Arboretum]], [[Illinois]], in 2009,<ref name=Dirr>Dirr, M. (2009). 'Future Tree Selections'. ''Western'', Spring 2009, &nbsp;p.8. Western Nursery & Landscape Association, St Joseph, Missouri.[https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/52250445/dr-michael-a-dirr-offering-future-tree-selections/4]</ref> and by Mittempergher in Italy.<ref name=Mittempergher,b>{{cite journal|last1=Mittempergher|first1=L|last2=Santini|first2=A|journal=Investigacion agraria: Sistemas y recursos forestales|title=The history of elm breeding|volume=13|issue=1|pages=161–177|date=2004|url=http://www.inia.es/gcontrec/Pub/161-177-(14)-The_history_1161943529015.pdf}}</ref> It also featured in elm trials conducted by the [[Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique]] (INRA) on gravelly soils in the [[Bois de Vincennes]], [[Paris]], but most specimens were killed by drought. Trees grown from seed obtained from the hills near [[Chu-hsien]] gave a more encouraging performance in the Netherlands where rather surprisingly, for a species accustomed to milder climes, they survived the cold winter of 1980/81 completely unscathed when temperatures fell to -19&thinsp;°[[Celsius|C]] <ref name=Heybroek/> The tree is not known (2017) to be in commerce beyond the United States.
The tree remains rare in cultivation in the West, but was under evaluation by Dr [[George Ware]] at the [[Morton Arboretum]], [[Illinois]], in 2009,<ref name=Dirr>Dirr, M. (2009). 'Future Tree Selections'. ''Western'', Spring 2009, &nbsp;p.8. Western Nursery & Landscape Association, St Joseph, Missouri.[https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/52250445/dr-michael-a-dirr-offering-future-tree-selections/4]</ref> and by Mittempergher in Italy.<ref name=Mittempergher,b>{{cite journal|last1=Mittempergher|first1=L|last2=Santini|first2=A|journal=Investigacion Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales|title=The history of elm breeding|volume=13|issue=1|pages=161–177|date=2004|url=http://www.inia.es/gcontrec/Pub/161-177-(14)-The_history_1161943529015.pdf}}</ref> It also featured in elm trials conducted by the [[Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique]] (INRA) on gravelly soils in the [[Bois de Vincennes]], [[Paris]], but most specimens were killed by drought. Trees grown from seed obtained from the hills near [[Chu-hsien]] gave a more encouraging performance in the Netherlands where rather surprisingly, for a species accustomed to milder climes, they survived the cold winter of 1980/81 completely unscathed when temperatures fell to -19&thinsp;°[[Celsius|C]]<ref name=Heybroek/>


==Notable trees==
==Notable trees==
The UK [[Tree Register of the British Isles|TROBI]] Champion grows at the [[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]] near [[Romsey]], Hampshire; planted in 1994, it measured 8&nbsp;m high by 22&nbsp;cm [[diameter at breast height|d.b.h.]] in 2010.<ref name=Johnson>Johnson, O. (2011). ''Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland'', &nbsp;p. 168. Kew Publishing, Kew, London. {{ISBN|9781842464526}}.</ref>
The UK [[Tree Register of the British Isles|TROBI]] Champion grows at the [[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]] near [[Romsey]], Hampshire; one of a pair planted in 1994, it measured 8&nbsp;m high by 22&nbsp;cm [[diameter at breast height|d.b.h.]] in 2010.<ref name=Johnson>Johnson, O. (2011). ''Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland'', &nbsp;p.168. Kew Publishing, Kew, London. {{ISBN|9781842464526}}.</ref>


==Cultivars and hybrid cultivars==
==Cultivars and hybrid cultivars==
Line 32: Line 34:


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The species was named for Mr Chen Mou, assistant in Dendrology at the [[National Central University]] (now Nanjing University) circa 1933, by W C Cheng.<ref name=Cheng>{{cite journal|first=Wan-chun|last=Cheng|journal=Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science)|title=Five New Species of Ulmus in China|year=1958|volume=1|issue=1|pages=68–77|url=http://nldxb.njfu.edu.cn/OA/pdfdow.aspx?Sid=195801009}}</ref>
The species was named for Mr Chen Mou, assistant in Dendrology at the [[National Central University]] circa 1933, by W C Cheng.<ref name=Cheng>{{cite journal|first=Wan-chun|last=Cheng|journal=Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science)|title=Five New Species of Ulmus in China|year=1958|volume=1|issue=1|pages=68–77|url=http://nldxb.njfu.edu.cn/OA/pdfdow.aspx?Sid=195801009}}</ref>


==Accessions==
==Accessions==
===North America===
===North America===
*[[Chicago Botanic Garden]], [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]], [[Illinois]], United States. Planted in West Collections Area. No acc. details.
*[[Chicago Botanic Garden]], US. Planted in West Collections Area. No acc. details.
*[[Denver Botanic Gardens]], [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]], [[Colorado]], United States. No acc. details.
*[[Denver Botanic Gardens]], US. No acc. details.
*[[Morton Arboretum]], [[Illinois]]. Acc. nos. 47-95, 105-98, 128-98, 72-2011, 195-2011. [http://www.cirrusimage.com/tree_chenmou_Elm.htm]
*[[Morton Arboretum]], US. Acc. nos. 47-95, 105-98, 128-98, 72-2011, 195-2011. [http://www.cirrusimage.com/tree_chenmou_Elm.htm]
*[[United States National Arboretum|U S National Arboretum]] [http://www.usna.usda.gov/index.htm], [[Washington, D.C.]], United States. Acc. nos. 68979, 76220, 76221, 76222, 68032.
*[[United States National Arboretum]], [[Washington, D.C.]], US. Acc. nos. 68979, 76220, 76221, 76222, 68032.


===Europe===
===Europe===
*[[Grange Farm Arboretum]], [[Sutton St James]], [[Spalding, Lincolnshire|Spalding]], [[Lincolnshire]], UK. Acc. no. 508
*[[Grange Farm Arboretum]], [[Lincolnshire]], UK. Acc. No. 508
*Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Romsey, [[Hampshire]], UK. Acc. No. 1994:0328, 2 specimens planted 1994, and Acc. No. 2010:0285, a third planted 2010<ref name=Hillier>[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readfile.pl/dataset=Hillier/parent=hilnames/multiform=multisite3.php/multiaddr=/filename=hillacc?43066433+37836728|retq=ETI%3DUlmus|firstval=1|lino=7|nocount=|dataonly=|SID=4808.1512635669 Sir Harold Hillier Arboretum database]</ref>
*[[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]], [[Ampfield]], [[Hampshire]], UK. Acc. no. 1994:0328, 3 specimens planted 1993.
*[[Verrières le Buisson Arboretum]] (private), [[Paris]], France. Details not known
*[[Verrières le Buisson Arboretum]] (private), [[Paris]], France. Details not known
*[[Wijdemeren City Council]], Netherlands. Brilhoek [[Nederhorst den Berg]] Elm Arboretum, 2 planted 2019


==Nurseries==
==Nurseries==
;North America
*Sunshine Nursery [http://www.sunshinenursery.com/catalogue.htm], [[Clinton, Oklahoma|Clinton]], [[Oklahoma]], USA.
*Urban Forest Nursery [http://www.urbanforestnursery.com], [[Mount Vernon, Washington]], USA
;Europe
;Europe
*Pan-Global Plants [http://www.panglobalplants.com/], [[Frampton-on-Severn]], [[Gloucestershire]], UK.
*Pan-Global Plants [http://www.panglobalplants.com/], [[Frampton-on-Severn]], [[Gloucestershire]], UK.
*Pépinière AOBA [https://www.pepiniere-aoba.com/gb/], [[Saint Ouen la Rouerie]], France.
*Ravensberg Nurseries, Clara, Co. Offaly, Eire.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242353341 efloras.org ''U. chenmoui'' description]
*[http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=50127&flora_id=2 efloras.org ''U. chenmoui'' leaves and fruit illustration (figures 1 to 3)]
*[http://ppbc.iplant.cn/sp/11542 Photographs labelled ''U. chenmoui'' on Plant Photo Bank of China, ppbc.iplant]
*[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77099084-1 ''U. chenmoui'', Kew Gardens 'Plants of the World Online']


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
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{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}}
{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}}
⚫
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2109862}}


⚫
[[Category:Ulmus|chenmoui]]
⚫
{{Taxonbar}}

⚫
[[Category:Ulmus]]
[[Category:Trees of China]]
[[Category:Trees of China]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]

Latest revision as of 13:49, 21 December 2023

Ulmus chenmoui
Chenmou elm at Morton Arboretum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Ulmaceae
Genus: Ulmus
Species:
U. chenmoui
Binomial name
Ulmus chenmoui

Ulmus chenmoui W. C. Cheng, commonly known as the Chenmou, or Langya Mountain elm, is a small deciduous tree from the more temperate provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu in eastern China, where it is found at elevations below 200 m on the Langya Shan and Baohua Shan mountains.[2][3] The tree was unknown in the West until 1979, when seeds were sent from Beijing to the De Dorschkamp research institute at Wageningen in the Netherlands.[4]

Description[edit]

Although the tree can grow to a height of < 20 m, the slender trunk rarely exceeds 0.5 m d.b.h.; the bark exfoliates in irregular flakes. The wing-less twigs bear comparatively large obovate to oblong leaves < 18 cm in length[5] with doubly serrate margins and caudate to acuminate apices. Leaves of specimens grown in the US developed a thick pubescence, giving them a greyish appearance, but this has not been reciprocated in English - grown trees. The perfect wind-pollinated apetalous flowers are produced on second-year shoots in March; the samarae are obovate < 25 mm long by 17 mm wide and ripen in April.

  • U. chenmoui foliage
    U. chenmoui foliage
  • Leaves and fruit of U. chenmoui
    Leaves and fruit of U. chenmoui
  • U. chenmoui samarae
    U. chenmoui samarae

Pests and diseases[edit]

U. chenmoui has a very high resistance to Dutch elm disease, on a par with Ulmus pumila,[4] and is eschewed by the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola, but has a moderate susceptibility to elm yellows.[6][7][8]

Cultivation[edit]

The tree remains rare in cultivation in the West, but was under evaluation by Dr George Ware at the Morton Arboretum, Illinois, in 2009,[9] and by Mittempergher in Italy.[10] It also featured in elm trials conducted by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) on gravelly soils in the Bois de Vincennes, Paris, but most specimens were killed by drought. Trees grown from seed obtained from the hills near Chu-hsien gave a more encouraging performance in the Netherlands where rather surprisingly, for a species accustomed to milder climes, they survived the cold winter of 1980/81 completely unscathed when temperatures fell to -19 °C[4]

Notable trees[edit]

The UK TROBI Champion grows at the Sir Harold Hillier Gardens near Romsey, Hampshire; one of a pair planted in 1994, it measured 8 m high by 22 cm d.b.h. in 2010.[11]

Cultivars and hybrid cultivars[edit]

There are no known cultivars of this taxon. U. chenmoui was hybridized with the Dutch clone '405' (U. × hollandica × U. minor) by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), Florence, to create 'Morfeo', a robust, fast-growing tree patented and released to commerce in 2011. IPP also hybridized U. chenmoui with the early Dutch hybrid cultivar 'Groeneveld', identifying the new cultivar as 'FL522', however this was never released to commerce.

Etymology[edit]

The species was named for Mr Chen Mou, assistant in Dendrology at the National Central University circa 1933, by W C Cheng.[12]

Accessions[edit]

North America[edit]

Europe[edit]

Nurseries[edit]

Europe

References[edit]

  1. ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). "Ulmus chenmoui". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T32458A9708541. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T32458A9708541.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. ^ Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1. Science Press, Beijing.
  3. ^ Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, US. [1]
  4. ^ a b c Heybroek, Hans M. (1981). "The Japanese elm species and their value for the Dutch elm breeding program" (PDF). Proceedings of the Dutch Elm Disease Symposium and Workshop, October 5–9, Winnipeg, Manitoba: 78–90.
  5. ^ "Photograph labelled U. chienmoui, asianflora Ulmaceae".
  6. ^ Mittempergher, L.; La Porter, N. (1991). "Hybridization studies in the Eurasian species of elm (Ulmus spp.)". Silvae Genetica. 40: 237–243.
  7. ^ "Elm Leaf Beetle Survey". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  8. ^ Sfalanga, A, Martini, M., Surico, G., & Bertaccini, A. (2002). Involvement of phytoplasmas in a decline of Ulmus chenmoui in Central Italy. Forest Pathology, Vol. 32, Issue 4-5, 265-275, August 2002.
  9. ^ Dirr, M. (2009). 'Future Tree Selections'. Western, Spring 2009,  p.8. Western Nursery & Landscape Association, St Joseph, Missouri.[2]
  10. ^ Mittempergher, L; Santini, A (2004). "The history of elm breeding" (PDF). Investigacion Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales. 13 (1): 161–177.
  11. ^ Johnson, O. (2011). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland,  p.168. Kew Publishing, Kew, London. ISBN 9781842464526.
  12. ^ Cheng, Wan-chun (1958). "Five New Species of Ulmus in China". Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science). 1 (1): 68–77.
  13. ^ Sir Harold Hillier Arboretum database

External links[edit]

Further reading[edit]

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