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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox criminal
{{Infobox criminal
| name = Usman Khan
| name = Usman Khan
| native_name = عثمان خان
| native_name = عثمان خان
| native_name_lang = ur
| native_name_lang = ur
| image = UsmanKhan2012.jpg
| image = UsmanKhan2012.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = A 2012 photograph of Khan
| caption = A 2012 photograph of Khan
| birth_name = Usman Khan
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1991|3|10}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1991|3|10}}
| birth_place = [[Stoke-on-Trent]], Staffordshire, England<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50611788|title=What we know about the London Bridge attacker|last=De Simone|first=Daniel|work=BBC News|date=30 November 2019|access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire]], United Kingdom<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50611788|title=What we know about the London Bridge attacker|last=De Simone|first=Daniel|work=BBC News|date=30 November 2019|access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2019|11|29|1991|3|10}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2019|11|29|1991|3|10}}
| death_place = London, England
| death_place = London, United Kingdom
| death_cause = Gunshot wound
| death_cause = [[Gunshot wound]]
| resting_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| nationality = British<ref name="gulfnews">{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/europe/usman-khan-the-suspected-terrorist-behind-the-london-bridge-attacks-1.1575100615646|title=Usman Khan: The suspected terrorist behind the London Bridge attacks|work=Gulf News|date=30 November 2019}}</ref>
| nationality = British<ref name="gulfnews">{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/europe/usman-khan-the-suspected-terrorist-behind-the-london-bridge-attacks-1.1575100615646|title=Usman Khan: The suspected terrorist behind the London Bridge attacks|work=Gulf News|date=30 November 2019}}</ref>
| other_names =
| other_names = Abu Saif
| education =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| occupation =
| years_active = 2010–2019
| years_active = 2010–2019
| allegiance = [[Al-Muhajiroun]]
| allegiance = [[Al-Muhajiroun]]
| victims =
| victims =
| time =
| time =
| beginyear =
| beginyear =
| endyear =
| endyear =
| country =
| country =
| states =
| states =
| locations =
| locations =
| targets =
| targets =
| fatalities = 2
| fatalities = 2
| injuries = 3
| injuries = 3
| weapons = [[Kitchen knife]]
| weapons = [[Kitchen knife]]
| apprehended =
| apprehended =
| imprisoned =
| imprisoned =
| known_for = [[2019 London Bridge stabbing]]
}}
}}


'''Usman Khan''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|عثمان خان}}}}; 10&nbsp;March 1991&nbsp;&ndash; 29&nbsp;November 2019), also known as '''Abu Saif''',<ref name="stokesentinel3609481">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/news/stoke-on-trent-news/were-going-carry-until-last-3609481|title=How London Bridge murderer Usman Khan's radicalisation began in Stoke-on-Trent|first=Kathie|last=McInnes|date=6 December 2019|website=stokesentinel}}</ref> was a [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani-British]] terrorist who was convicted of [[Operation Guava|plotting a terrorist attack]] in 2012. He was shot dead by [[City of London Police]] after being restrained by members of the public whilst committing a [[2019 London Bridge stabbing|knife attack near London Bridge]] on 29 November 2019, where he killed two people and injured three others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.met.police.uk/news/latest-london-bridge-terror-attack-388803|title=LATEST: London Bridge terror attack|publisher=Metropolitan Police|location=United Kingdom}}</ref>
'''Usman Khan''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|عثمان خان}}}}; 10&nbsp;March 1991&nbsp;&ndash; 29&nbsp;November 2019), also known as '''Abu Saif''',<ref name="stokesentinel3609481">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/news/stoke-on-trent-news/were-going-carry-until-last-3609481|title=How London Bridge murderer Usman Khan's radicalisation began in Stoke-on-Trent|first=Kathie|last=McInnes|date=6 December 2019|website=stokesentinel}}</ref> was an [[Islamic terrorist]] of [[Pakistani-British]] nationality who, in 2012, received a [[Operation Guava|conviction for planning a terrorist attack]]. On 29 November 2019, following a [[2019 London Bridge stabbing|knife attack near London Bridge]] that resulted in two deaths and three injuries, Khan was fatally shot by [[City of London Police]] after being subdued by civilians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.met.police.uk/news/latest-london-bridge-terror-attack-388803|title=LATEST: London Bridge terror attack|publisher=Metropolitan Police|location=United Kingdom}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Khan was born on 10 March 1991 in [[Stoke-on-Trent]], United Kingdom, to Pakistani immigrant parents.<ref name=inews1329189>{{cite web |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/usman-khan-london-bridge-attack-terrorist-released-prison-stoke-1329189|title=Usman Khan: why the London Bridge attack terrorist was released from prison|first=Dean|last=Kirby|date=2 December 2019|website=iNews|access-date=3 December 2019|quote="The son of parents from the disputed region of Kashmir in Pakistan"}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/259396-exposed-indian-media-lied-about-terrorist-usman-khan-to-malign-pakistan|title=Usman Khan had no relation with Pakistan|last=Ali Shah|first=Murtaza|date= 30 November 2019 |publisher=Geo TV|access-date=3 December 2019|quote="Usman Khan was born in Stoke-on-Trent to working-class immigrant parents from Azad Kashmir."}}</ref><ref name=stokesentinel3595210>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/news/stoke-on-trent-news/london-bridge-suspected-attacker-stoke-3595210 |title=London Bridge attack suspect from Stoke-on-Trent – police confirm |first=Tom |last=Burnett |date=30 November 2019 |website=[[The Sentinel (Staffordshire)|The Sentinel]] }}</ref><ref name=20191130theguardian>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/30/usman-khan-cobridge-stoke-on-trent-neighbours-shock|title='We don't understand how Usman Khan ended up like this'|first1=Mark|last1=Townsend|first2=Nosheen|last2=Iqbal|date=30 November 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> He attended [[Haywood Academy|Haywood High School]].<ref name="stokesentinel3609481"/>
Born in [[Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire]], United Kingdom, to parents of Pakistani descent, Khan's education included attendance at [[Haywood High School]].<ref name="inews1329189">{{cite web |last=Kirby |first=Dean |date=2 December 2019 |title=Usman Khan: why the London Bridge attack terrorist was released from prison |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/usman-khan-london-bridge-attack-terrorist-released-prison-stoke-1329189 |access-date=3 December 2019 |website=iNews |quote="The son of parents from the disputed region of Kashmir in Pakistan"}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Ali Shah |first=Murtaza |date=30 November 2019 |title=Usman Khan had no relation with Pakistan |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/259396-exposed-indian-media-lied-about-terrorist-usman-khan-to-malign-pakistan |access-date=3 December 2019 |publisher=Geo TV |quote="Usman Khan was born in Stoke-on-Trent to working-class immigrant parents from Azad Kashmir."}}</ref><ref name="stokesentinel3595210">{{Cite web |last=Burnett |first=Tom |date=30 November 2019 |title=London Bridge attack suspect from Stoke-on-Trent – police confirm |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/news/stoke-on-trent-news/london-bridge-suspected-attacker-stoke-3595210 |website=[[The Sentinel (Staffordshire)|The Sentinel]]}}</ref><ref name="20191130theguardian">{{Cite web |last1=Townsend |first1=Mark |last2=Iqbal |first2=Nosheen |date=30 November 2019 |title='We don't understand how Usman Khan ended up like this' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/30/usman-khan-cobridge-stoke-on-trent-neighbours-shock |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="stokesentinel3609481"/> A portion of his teenage years was spent in Pakistan,<ref name="20191130newsweekpakistan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweekpakistan.com/london-bridge-attacker-named-as-usman-khan-police/|title=London Bridge Attacker Named as Usman Khan: Police|date=30 November 2019|website=Newsweek Pakistan|quote="Khan spent some time in Pakistan in his late teens"}}</ref> where, prior to his December 2010 arrest, he visited the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]], as noted in a 2013 report by the [[British Parliament]]'s [[Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Terrorism Acts in 2012: report of the Independent Reviewer |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/243472/9780108512629.pdf |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=1 December 2019 |year=2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Usman Khan profile: terrorist who wanted to bomb London Stock Exchange |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/30/usman-khan-profile-terrorist-who-wanted-to-bomb-london-stock-exchange |access-date=1 December 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=30 November 2019 }}</ref> Khan's involvement with [[al-Muhajiroun]],<ref name="PosterBoy" /> militant network based in Saudi Arabia, led to his role as a community organiser, notably arranging a [[Sharia]] conference in 2009.<ref name="stokesentinel3609481" />

Khan spent some part of his teenage years in [[Pakistan]].<ref name=20191130newsweekpakistan>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweekpakistan.com/london-bridge-attacker-named-as-usman-khan-police/|title=London Bridge Attacker Named as Usman Khan: Police|date=30 November 2019|website=Newsweek Pakistan|quote="Khan spent some time in Pakistan in his late teens"}}</ref> According to the British Parliament's Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation 2013 report, Khan travelled to the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] in Pakistan before his arrest in December 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Terrorism Acts in 2012: report of the Independent Reviewer |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/243472/9780108512629.pdf |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=1 December 2019 |year=2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Usman Khan profile: terrorist who wanted to bomb London Stock Exchange |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/30/usman-khan-profile-terrorist-who-wanted-to-bomb-london-stock-exchange |access-date=1 December 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=30 November 2019 }}</ref>

Khan dropped out of school and preached for [[al-Muhajiroun]].<ref name="PosterBoy" /> He became a community organiser, helping to put together a [[Sharia]] conference in 2009.<ref name="stokesentinel3609481"/>


==2008 anti-terror raids==
==2008 anti-terror raids==
Khan's home in Stoke-on-Trent was raided by counter-terrorist police in 2008.<ref name=bbc50611788>{{cite news |title=London Bridge: Who was the attacker? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-50611788 |access-date=30 November 2019 |work=BBC News |date=30 November 2019 }}</ref> Khan was interviewed by the BBC in 2008, when he denied being a terrorist;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/video/6239026/i-aint-no-terrorist-usman-khan-says-in-resurfaced-bbc-interview-from-2008/|title='I ain't no terrorist' Usman Khan says in resurfaced BBC interview from 2008 {{pipe}} Watch News Videos Online|website=Global News}}</ref> he issued the same denials to a local paper using a false name. He was 17 at the time.<ref name=20191130telegraph>{{cite news |title=Who was Usman Khan? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/11/30/usman-khan-attacker-hoodwinked-authorities-fulfill-terrorism/ |access-date=1 December 2019 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=30 November 2019 }}</ref> Following a 20-month investigation, it was determined that there was insufficient evidence<ref name="stokesentinel3609481"/> to charge him with a crime.<ref name="PosterBoy" />
In 2008, following a raid on his Stoke-on-Trent residence by counter-terrorist police,<ref name=bbc50611788>{{cite news |title=London Bridge: Who was the attacker? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-50611788 |access-date=30 November 2019 |work=BBC News |date=30 November 2019 }}</ref> Khan faced scrutiny but denied terrorist affiliations in interviews with the BBC and a local newspaper under a pseudonym.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/video/6239026/i-aint-no-terrorist-usman-khan-says-in-resurfaced-bbc-interview-from-2008/|title='I ain't no terrorist' Usman Khan says in resurfaced BBC interview from 2008 {{pipe}} Watch News Videos Online|website=Global News}}</ref><ref name=20191130telegraph>{{cite news |title=Who was Usman Khan? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/11/30/usman-khan-attacker-hoodwinked-authorities-fulfill-terrorism/ |access-date=1 December 2019 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=30 November 2019 }}</ref> Despite a 20-month inquiry, no charges were filed against him.<ref name="stokesentinel3609481"/><ref name="PosterBoy" />


==2010 arrest and 2012 terrorism conviction==
==2010 arrest and 2012 terrorism conviction==
{{see also|Operation Guava}}
{{see also|Operation Guava}}
On return from Pakistan,<ref name=stokesentinel3595611>{{cite news |title=Stoke-on-Trent terrorist Usman Khan described Osama Bin Laden as 'beautiful' |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/news/stoke-on-trent-news/stoke-trent-terrorist-usman-khan-3595611 |access-date=12 December 2019 |work=[[The Sentinel (Staffordshire)|The Sentinel]] |date=1 December 2019 |quote=He had recently returned from Pakistan and we draw the inference that he had been there and he was going back there within a few weeks}}</ref> Khan was one of a group of nine men arrested in 2010<ref name="ChristmasTerrorPlot">{{cite news |last1=Simon Israel |title=Christmas 'terror plot' targeted London landmarks |url=https://www.channel4.com/news/anti-terror-raids-nine-men-charged |access-date=3 December 2019 |publisher=[[Channel 4]] |date=27 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004043431/https://www.channel4.com/news/anti-terror-raids-nine-men-charged |archive-date=4 October 2019}}</ref> who were the focus of MI5's anti-terror Operation Guava and in 2012 all pleaded guilty to [[Al-Qaeda]]-inspired terrorism offences, which included plans to bomb the [[London Stock Exchange]], the Houses of Parliament, the US embassy, two rabbis at two synagogues, the [[Dean of St Paul's]] Cathedral, the home of then London Mayor [[Boris Johnson]],<ref name=telegraph8227193>{{cite news |last1=Caroline Gammell |title=Christmas bomb plot: nine men remanded over plan to 'blow up Big Ben and Westminster Abbey' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/8227193/Christmas-bomb-plot-nine-men-remanded-over-plan-to-blow-up-Big-Ben-and-Westminster-Abbey.html |access-date=3 December 2019 |work=The Telegraph |date=27 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025181228/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/8227193/Christmas-bomb-plot-nine-men-remanded-over-plan-to-blow-up-Big-Ben-and-Westminster-Abbey.html |archive-date=25 October 2019 }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news |last1=Duncan Gardham |title=Terrorists admit plot to bomb London Stock Exchange and US Embassy |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/9053681/Terrorists-admit-plot-to-bomb-London-Stock-Exchange-and-US-Embassy.html |access-date=1 December 2019 |work=The Telegraph |date=1 February 2012 }}</ref> build a terrorist training camp in land Khan's family owns in [[Pakistan-administered Kashmir]], attending terrorism related operational meetings, preparing to travel abroad, and assisting others in travelling abroad for terrorist activities.<ref name="Leveson">{{Cite web|url=https://www.eveningexpress.co.uk/news/uk/why-was-london-bridge-attacker-usman-khan-released/|title=Why was London Bridge attacker Usman Khan released?|agency=Press Association|date=30 November 2019|website=Evening Express|access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=telegraph9072455>{{cite news |title=Terrorism gang jailed for plotting to blow up London Stock Exchange |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/9072455/Terrorism-gang-jailed-for-plotting-to-blow-up-London-Stock-Exchange.html |access-date=30 November 2019 |work=The Telegraph |date=9 February 2012 }}</ref> Khan, like the others, envisaged returning from their Kashmiri training camp, together with future recruits, to engage in unspecified terror attacks in the UK.<ref name=20120209theguardian>{{cite news |title=Terror group members who planned to bomb London Stock Exchange jailed |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/feb/09/terror-group-london-stock-exchange-jailed |access-date=5 December 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=Press Association |date=9 February 2012 |quote="It was envisaged by them all that ultimately they and the other recruits may return to the UK as trained and experienced terrorists available to perform terrorist attacks in this country."}}</ref>
Upon returning from Pakistan,<ref name=stokesentinel3595611>{{cite news |title=Stoke-on-Trent terrorist Usman Khan described Osama Bin Laden as 'beautiful' |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/news/stoke-on-trent-news/stoke-trent-terrorist-usman-khan-3595611 |access-date=12 December 2019 |work=[[The Sentinel (Staffordshire)|The Sentinel]] |date=1 December 2019 |quote=He had recently returned from Pakistan and we draw the inference that he had been there and he was going back there within a few weeks}}</ref> Usman Khan was arrested in 2010 as part of a group of nine individuals<ref name="ChristmasTerrorPlot">{{cite news |last1=Simon Israel |title=Christmas 'terror plot' targeted London landmarks |url=https://www.channel4.com/news/anti-terror-raids-nine-men-charged |access-date=3 December 2019 |publisher=[[Channel 4]] |date=27 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004043431/https://www.channel4.com/news/anti-terror-raids-nine-men-charged |archive-date=4 October 2019}}</ref> targeted by [[MI5]]’s Operation Guava. In 2012, all members of this group pleaded guilty to charges of terrorism inspired by [[Al-Qaeda]]. Their plans included bombing significant locations in the UK such as the [[London Stock Exchange]], the [[Houses of Parliament]], the US embassy, two rabbis at two synagogues, the [[Dean of St Paul's Cathedral]], the home of then London Mayor [[Boris Johnson]],<ref name="telegraph8227193">{{cite news |last1=Caroline Gammell |date=27 December 2010 |title=Christmas bomb plot: nine men remanded over plan to 'blow up Big Ben and Westminster Abbey' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/8227193/Christmas-bomb-plot-nine-men-remanded-over-plan-to-blow-up-Big-Ben-and-Westminster-Abbey.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025181228/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/8227193/Christmas-bomb-plot-nine-men-remanded-over-plan-to-blow-up-Big-Ben-and-Westminster-Abbey.html |archive-date=25 October 2019 |access-date=3 December 2019 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news |last1=Duncan Gardham |date=1 February 2012 |title=Terrorists admit plot to bomb London Stock Exchange and US Embassy |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/9053681/Terrorists-admit-plot-to-bomb-London-Stock-Exchange-and-US-Embassy.html |access-date=1 December 2019 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> as well as proposing to establish a terrorist training camp in land owned by Khan’s family in [[Pakistan-administered Kashmir]]. The group also engaged in planning meetings and made preparations for travel related to terrorist activities, with intentions to carry out further attacks in the UK upon returning from the proposed camp in Kashmir.<ref name="Leveson">{{Cite web|url=https://www.eveningexpress.co.uk/news/uk/why-was-london-bridge-attacker-usman-khan-released/|title=Why was London Bridge attacker Usman Khan released?|agency=Press Association|date=30 November 2019|website=Evening Express|access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=telegraph9072455>{{cite news |title=Terrorism gang jailed for plotting to blow up London Stock Exchange |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/9072455/Terrorism-gang-jailed-for-plotting-to-blow-up-London-Stock-Exchange.html |access-date=30 November 2019 |work=The Telegraph |date=9 February 2012 }}</ref><ref name=20120209theguardian>{{cite news |title=Terror group members who planned to bomb London Stock Exchange jailed |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/feb/09/terror-group-london-stock-exchange-jailed |access-date=5 December 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=Press Association |date=9 February 2012 |quote="It was envisaged by them all that ultimately they and the other recruits may return to the UK as trained and experienced terrorists available to perform terrorist attacks in this country."}}</ref>


Khan proposed to raise funds in the UK rather than overseas, arguing that supporters in the UK earned in a day what donors in Kashmir earned in a month. He added: "On [[Jobseeker's Allowance]] we can earn that, never mind working for that."<ref name=bbc16932224>{{cite news |title=Pakistan training camp discussed in secret recording |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16932224 |access-date=2 December 2019 |work=BBC News |date=7 February 2012 }}</ref> His home bugged by MI5, he was recorded calling non-Muslims "dogs."<ref name="PosterBoy" /> Following his arrest, Khan admitted travelling to the plotter's 2010 tactical meetings in Cardiff in November and in Newport in December.<ref name=bbc16833032>{{cite news |title=London Stock Exchange bomb plot admitted by four men |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16833032 |access-date=3 December 2019 |work=BBC News|date=1 February 2012 }}</ref> Khan's plans to build a terror-training camp in Kashmir never materialised and "there was no evidence that there was any real funding to build it".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Murtaza Ali|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/259396-exposed-indian-media-lied-about-terrorist-usman-khan-to-malign-pakistan|title=FACTCHECK: Usman Khan had no relation with Pakistan|date=30 November 2019|website=Geo.tv|access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref> The group had formed in October.<ref name="Leveson" /> The terror network's organisational chart was found in Khan's home.<ref name="auto"/> In addition to confessing to terrorism planning, Khan admitted terrorism fundraising and possession of the Al Qaeda magazine [[Inspire (magazine)|''Inspire'']].<ref name="WSJ Fundraising">{{cite news |last1=Paul Hannon |last2=Stephen Fidler |title=Attack by Convicted Terrorist Prompts U.K. to Review Sentencing |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/attack-by-convicted-terrorist-prompts-u-k-to-review-sentencing-11575128129 |access-date=1 December 2019 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=30 November 2019 }}</ref>
Khan proposed to raise funds in the UK rather than overseas, arguing that supporters in the UK earned in a day what donors in Kashmir earned in a month. He added: "On [[Jobseeker's Allowance]] we can earn that, never mind working for that."<ref name="bbc16932224">{{cite news |date=7 February 2012 |title=Pakistan training camp discussed in secret recording |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16932224 |access-date=2 December 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> His home bugged by MI5, he was recorded calling non-Muslims "dogs."<ref name="PosterBoy" /> Following his arrest, Khan admitted travelling to the plotter's 2010 tactical meetings in Cardiff in November and in Newport in December.<ref name="bbc16833032">{{cite news |date=1 February 2012 |title=London Stock Exchange bomb plot admitted by four men |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16833032 |access-date=3 December 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Khan's plans to build a terror-training camp in Kashmir never materialised and "there was no evidence that there was any real funding to build it".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Murtaza Ali |date=30 November 2019 |title=FACTCHECK: Usman Khan had no relation with Pakistan |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/259396-exposed-indian-media-lied-about-terrorist-usman-khan-to-malign-pakistan |access-date=30 November 2019 |website=Geo.tv}}</ref> The group had formed in October.<ref name="Leveson" /> The terror network's organisational chart was found in Khan's home.<ref name="auto" /> In addition to confessing to terrorism planning, Khan admitted terrorism fundraising and possession of the Al Qaeda magazine [[Inspire (magazine)|''Inspire'']].<ref name="WSJ Fundraising">{{cite news |last1=Paul Hannon |last2=Stephen Fidler |date=30 November 2019 |title=Attack by Convicted Terrorist Prompts U.K. to Review Sentencing |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/attack-by-convicted-terrorist-prompts-u-k-to-review-sentencing-11575128129 |access-date=1 December 2019 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref>


Following his arrest, Khan was known as an expert in [[Fieldcraft|field craft]]; his cell was described as having "well developed field craft" in court documents.<ref name=20191103theguardian>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/30/usman-khan-cobridge-stoke-on-trent-neighbours-shock|title='We don't understand how Usman Khan ended up like this'|first1=Mark|last1=Townsend|first2=Nosheen|last2=Iqbal|date=30 November 2019|work=The Guardian}}</ref>
Following his arrest, evidence of Khan’s advanced knowledge in [[Fieldcraft|field craft]] was noted, highlighting his significant role within the group.<ref name=20191103theguardian>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/30/usman-khan-cobridge-stoke-on-trent-neighbours-shock|title='We don't understand how Usman Khan ended up like this'|first1=Mark|last1=Townsend|first2=Nosheen|last2=Iqbal|date=30 November 2019|work=The Guardian}}</ref> In 2012, he was sentenced to [[imprisonment for public protection]] and an indeterminate period in prison with a minimum term of eight years,<ref name="bbc16968518">{{cite news |date=9 February 2012 |title=Nine jailed over bomb plot and terror camp plan |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16968518 |access-date=30 November 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Wahlquist |first1=Calla |last2=Rawlinson |first2=Kevin |last3=Weaver |first3=Matthew |last4=Dodd |first4=Vikram |last5=Dodd |first5=Vikram |date=30 November 2019 |title=London Bridge attacker named as Usman Khan, 28 – live updates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2019/nov/29/london-bridge-incident-police-city |access-date=30 November 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |author=Gemma Fox |date=30 November 2019 |title=London Bridge attacker is named by police |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-bridge-attacker-identity-usman-khan-attack-stabbing-incident-latest-a9227076.html |access-date=30 November 2019 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> reflecting the judge’s assessment of Khan and his associates from Stoke-on-Trent as exceptionally committed [[jihadists]] operating at a level of seriousness and effectiveness above that of their co-defendants.<ref name="PosterBoy" />

Khan received an [[Imprisonment for public protection|indeterminate prison sentence]] in 2012 with a minimum term of eight years.<ref name=bbc16968518>{{cite news |title=Nine jailed over bomb plot and terror camp plan |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16968518 |access-date=30 November 2019 |work=BBC News |date=9 February 2012}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2019/nov/29/london-bridge-incident-police-city|title=London Bridge attacker named as Usman Khan, 28 – live updates|last1=Wahlquist |first1=Calla|date=30 November 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=30 November 2019|last2=Rawlinson|first2=Kevin|issn=0261-3077|last3=Weaver |first3=Matthew|last4=Dodd|first4=Vikram|last5=Dodd|first5=Vikram}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-bridge-attacker-identity-usman-khan-attack-stabbing-incident-latest-a9227076.html|title=London Bridge attacker is named by police|date=30 November 2019|website=[[The Independent]]|access-date=30 November 2019|author=Gemma Fox}}</ref> On sentencing, the judge said that Khan and his Stoke-on-Trent associates were "more serious jihadis" who operated "at a higher level of efficacy and commitment than the rest", the other six convicts.<ref name="PosterBoy" />


== Rehabilitation and release from prison ==
== Rehabilitation and release from prison ==
Under the indeterminate sentence, Khan was to remain in prison for as long as it was necessary to keep the public safe. However, Khan's original sentence was quashed. Along with Nazam Hussain and Mohammed Shahjahan, also from Stoke, Khan appealed against the sentences and the indeterminate sentences were set aside by the Court of Appeal in 2013. The court, headed by [[Brian Leveson|Lord Justice Leveson]], found the original decision had "wrongly characterised" the three men as more dangerous than the other defendants.<ref name="Leveson" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/11/30/leveson-ruling-opened-door-killers-early-release/|title=Leveson ruling opened the door to killer's early release|first=Steve|last=Bird|date=30 November 2019|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref> Khan's sentence was changed to a 16-year term which allowed him to be automatically released after serving eight years. Khan was released from [[HM Prison Belmarsh|Belmarsh Prison]] on [[Release on licence|standard licence]] (meaning he was subject to supervision from probation services) in December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chief Coroner of England & Wales |date=3 Nov 2021 |title=Fishmongers Hall Inquests Prevention of Future Deaths report |url=https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Fishmongers-Hall-Inquests-Prevention-of-future-deaths-report-2021-0362_Published-by-Chief-Coroner.pdf }}</ref> Following his release, [[Borough of Stafford|Stafford Borough Council]] provided suitable accommodation for Khan, though the Ministry of Justice said "multiple agencies" were involved in his housing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/crime/2019/12/05/multiple-agencies-allowed-london-bridge-killer-usman-khan-to-live-in-stafford/|title='Multiple agencies' allowed London Bridge killer Usman Khan to live in Stafford|first=Richard|last=Guttridge|website=Express & Star}}</ref>
Khan was originally sentenced to [[indefinite imprisonment]] for public safety. This sentence, however, was overturned in 2013 when Khan, alongside Nazam Hussain and Mohammed Shahjahan, appealed. The Court of Appeal, led by [[Lord Justice Leveson]], re-evaluated the perceived threat level of these individuals compared to their co-defendants, resulting in a reduced sentence of 16 years with eligibility for automatic release after eight.<ref name="Leveson" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/11/30/leveson-ruling-opened-door-killers-early-release/|title=Leveson ruling opened the door to killer's early release|first=Steve|last=Bird|date=30 November 2019|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref> Upon completion of this term, Khan was released from [[Belmarsh Prison]] in December 2018 under [[Release on licence|standard licence]] conditions, which included probation supervision.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chief Coroner of England & Wales |date=3 Nov 2021 |title=Fishmongers Hall Inquests Prevention of Future Deaths report |url=https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Fishmongers-Hall-Inquests-Prevention-of-future-deaths-report-2021-0362_Published-by-Chief-Coroner.pdf }}</ref> [[Stafford Borough Council]], with support from multiple agencies, arranged suitable housing following his release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/crime/2019/12/05/multiple-agencies-allowed-london-bridge-killer-usman-khan-to-live-in-stafford/|title='Multiple agencies' allowed London Bridge killer Usman Khan to live in Stafford|first=Richard|last=Guttridge|website=Express & Star}}</ref>

During his time under custody, Khan completed the ''Healthy Identity Intervention Programme'', which later became the UK's principal rehabilitation scheme for terrorism convicts. Following Khan's release, he participated in the ''Desistance and Disengagement Programme'', which is designed to "address the root causes of terrorism".<ref name=bbc50653191>{{cite news |title=London Bridge: Usman Khan completed untested rehabilitation scheme |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-50653191 |access-date=4 December 2019 |work=BBC News |date=4 December 2019}}</ref>

He was considered a "success story" for a [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] rehabilitation programme,<ref name=20191201telegraph>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/12/01/london-bridge-attacker-poster-boy-rehab-scheme-targeted/|title=London bridge attacker was poster boy for rehab scheme he targeted|last1=Hayley Dixon|date=1 December 2019|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=1 December 2019|last2=Victoria Ward|last3=Greg Wilford}}</ref><ref name="PosterBoy">{{cite news |last1=Tom Harper |last2=Jon Ungoed-Thomas |last3=Caroline Wheeler |title=London Bridge attack: poster boy for rehabilitation. And killer |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/london-bridge-attack-poster-boy-for-rehabilitation-and-killer-wx9blb6n6 |access-date=3 December 2019 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 December 2019}}</ref> and was featured as a case study.<ref name="stokesentinel3609481"/> Khan had been "befriended and helped" by Cambridge University rehabilitation employees, whom he later murdered.<ref name=mirror21076852>{{cite news |title=Family of 'caring' London Bridge attack victim Saskia Jones tell of 'devastation' |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/family-london-bridge-attack-victim-21076852 |access-date=12 December 2019 |work=Daily Mirror |date=11 December 2019 |quote=Mr Merritt said that his son had helped Khan, adding: "I can't imagine how someone who had been befriended and helped by someone like Jack could then, in a fairly calculated way, kill them.}}</ref> ''[[The Times]]'' reported that Cambridge University was considering admitting Khan as an undergraduate.<ref name="PosterBoy" />


During his imprisonment, Khan engaged in the Healthy Identity Intervention Programme, aimed at rehabilitating terrorism offenders. This participation continued post-release with the Desistance and Disengagement Programme, focusing on tackling terrorism's root causes.<ref name=bbc50653191>{{cite news |title=London Bridge: Usman Khan completed untested rehabilitation scheme |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-50653191 |access-date=4 December 2019 |work=BBC News |date=4 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="PosterBoy">{{cite news |last1=Tom Harper |last2=Jon Ungoed-Thomas |last3=Caroline Wheeler |title=London Bridge attack: poster boy for rehabilitation. And killer |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/london-bridge-attack-poster-boy-for-rehabilitation-and-killer-wx9blb6n6 |access-date=3 December 2019 |work=[[The Times]] |date=1 December 2019}}</ref> Khan's involvement in these programmes led to his recognition as a rehabilitation "success story" by a Cambridge University programme, culminating in a case study feature.<ref name="20191201telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/12/01/london-bridge-attacker-poster-boy-rehab-scheme-targeted/|title=London bridge attacker was poster boy for rehab scheme he targeted|last1=Hayley Dixon|date=1 December 2019|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=1 December 2019|last2=Victoria Ward|last3=Greg Wilford}}</ref><ref name="stokesentinel3609481" /> Khan would later tragically kill two individuals associated with the Cambridge University programme.<ref name="mirror21076852">{{cite news |title=Family of 'caring' London Bridge attack victim Saskia Jones tell of 'devastation' |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/family-london-bridge-attack-victim-21076852 |access-date=12 December 2019 |work=Daily Mirror |date=11 December 2019 |quote=Mr Merritt said that his son had helped Khan, adding: "I can't imagine how someone who had been befriended and helped by someone like Jack could then, in a fairly calculated way, kill them.}}</ref> Following these events, discussions emerged regarding the potential overestimation of recidivism fears, with a paper published by the ''[[CTC Sentinel]]'' in April 2020 described Khan and [[2020 Streatham stabbing|another recent terrorism recidivist]] as an atypical example, noting a recidivism rate of less than 5% among terrorists.<ref name="PosterBoy" /><ref name="CTCSentinel2020-04" />
In April 2020, the ''[[CTC Sentinel]]'' published a paper over the extent to which fear of recidivism was "overblown". It described Khan and [[2020 Streatham stabbing|another recent terrorism recidivist]] as "eye-catching outliers", arguing that less than 5% of terrorists such as Khan attack again.<ref name=CTCSentinel2020-04/>


==2019 attack==
==2019 attack==
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[[Category:2019 deaths]]
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[[Category:British Muslims]]
[[Category:British Muslims]]

Revision as of 21:56, 21 March 2024

For other people named Usman Khan, see Usman Khan (disambiguation).

Usman Khan
عثمان خان
A 2012 photograph of Khan
Born(1991-03-10)10 March 1991
Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom[1]
Died29 November 2019(2019-11-29) (aged 28)
London, United Kingdom
Cause of deathGunshot wound
NationalityBritish[2]
Other namesAbu Saif
Years active2010–2019
Known for2019 London Bridge stabbing
AllegianceAl-Muhajiroun
Details
Killed2
Injured3
WeaponsKitchen knife

Usman Khan (Urdu: عثمان خان; 10 March 1991 – 29 November 2019), also known as Abu Saif,[3] was an Islamic terrorist of Pakistani-British nationality who, in 2012, received a conviction for planning a terrorist attack. On 29 November 2019, following a knife attack near London Bridge that resulted in two deaths and three injuries, Khan was fatally shot by City of London Police after being subdued by civilians.[4]

Early life

Born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom, to parents of Pakistani descent, Khan's education included attendance at Haywood High School.[5][6][7][8][3] A portion of his teenage years was spent in Pakistan,[9] where, prior to his December 2010 arrest, he visited the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, as noted in a 2013 report by the British Parliament's Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation.[10][11] Khan's involvement with al-Muhajiroun,[12] militant network based in Saudi Arabia, led to his role as a community organiser, notably arranging a Sharia conference in 2009.[3]

2008 anti-terror raids

In 2008, following a raid on his Stoke-on-Trent residence by counter-terrorist police,[13] Khan faced scrutiny but denied terrorist affiliations in interviews with the BBC and a local newspaper under a pseudonym.[14][15] Despite a 20-month inquiry, no charges were filed against him.[3][12]

2010 arrest and 2012 terrorism conviction

See also: Operation Guava

Upon returning from Pakistan,[16] Usman Khan was arrested in 2010 as part of a group of nine individuals[17] targeted by MI5’s Operation Guava. In 2012, all members of this group pleaded guilty to charges of terrorism inspired by Al-Qaeda. Their plans included bombing significant locations in the UK such as the London Stock Exchange, the Houses of Parliament, the US embassy, two rabbis at two synagogues, the Dean of St Paul's Cathedral, the home of then London Mayor Boris Johnson,[18][19] as well as proposing to establish a terrorist training camp in land owned by Khan’s family in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The group also engaged in planning meetings and made preparations for travel related to terrorist activities, with intentions to carry out further attacks in the UK upon returning from the proposed camp in Kashmir.[20][21][22]

Khan proposed to raise funds in the UK rather than overseas, arguing that supporters in the UK earned in a day what donors in Kashmir earned in a month. He added: "On Jobseeker's Allowance we can earn that, never mind working for that."[23] His home bugged by MI5, he was recorded calling non-Muslims "dogs."[12] Following his arrest, Khan admitted travelling to the plotter's 2010 tactical meetings in Cardiff in November and in Newport in December.[24] Khan's plans to build a terror-training camp in Kashmir never materialised and "there was no evidence that there was any real funding to build it".[25] The group had formed in October.[20] The terror network's organisational chart was found in Khan's home.[19] In addition to confessing to terrorism planning, Khan admitted terrorism fundraising and possession of the Al Qaeda magazine Inspire.[26]

Following his arrest, evidence of Khan’s advanced knowledge in field craft was noted, highlighting his significant role within the group.[27] In 2012, he was sentenced to imprisonment for public protection and an indeterminate period in prison with a minimum term of eight years,[28][29][30] reflecting the judge’s assessment of Khan and his associates from Stoke-on-Trent as exceptionally committed jihadists operating at a level of seriousness and effectiveness above that of their co-defendants.[12]

Rehabilitation and release from prison

Khan was originally sentenced to indefinite imprisonment for public safety. This sentence, however, was overturned in 2013 when Khan, alongside Nazam Hussain and Mohammed Shahjahan, appealed. The Court of Appeal, led by Lord Justice Leveson, re-evaluated the perceived threat level of these individuals compared to their co-defendants, resulting in a reduced sentence of 16 years with eligibility for automatic release after eight.[20][31] Upon completion of this term, Khan was released from Belmarsh Prison in December 2018 under standard licence conditions, which included probation supervision.[32] Stafford Borough Council, with support from multiple agencies, arranged suitable housing following his release.[33]

During his imprisonment, Khan engaged in the Healthy Identity Intervention Programme, aimed at rehabilitating terrorism offenders. This participation continued post-release with the Desistance and Disengagement Programme, focusing on tackling terrorism's root causes.[34][12] Khan's involvement in these programmes led to his recognition as a rehabilitation "success story" by a Cambridge University programme, culminating in a case study feature.[35][3] Khan would later tragically kill two individuals associated with the Cambridge University programme.[36] Following these events, discussions emerged regarding the potential overestimation of recidivism fears, with a paper published by the CTC Sentinel in April 2020 described Khan and another recent terrorism recidivist as an atypical example, noting a recidivism rate of less than 5% among terrorists.[12][37]

2019 attack

Main article: 2019 London Bridge stabbing

The terms of Khan's temporary release licence did not allow for travel to London; special permission would have been needed for him to participate in Cambridge University's Learning Together "Five Year Celebration" on the day he carried out the stabbing.[38][39] Khan sat quietly during the celebration event, attending storytelling and writing workshops; even giving feedback on one.[40] He then stabbed two Learning Together organisers in the chest,[41] killing them, and injured three other people. He was wearing an electronic tag and a fake suicide jacket when he was shot following the stabbing.[42]

Burial and aftermath

Following his death, Khan's body was taken to a mosque in Birmingham, for a ritual janazah Muslim funerary ceremony.[43] The body was then flown to Islamabad.[44] Khan's burial took place in Kajlani in Kashmir.[45]

"Usman Khan Call 4 Justice" graffiti in support of Khan appeared on multiple walls in his Stoke hometown in the week following his death.[46][47]

Links to terror group

Khan had previously been connected to Al-Muhajiroun, the group led by Anjem Choudary.[29][48][30] He was said to be inspired by Al-Qaeda.[49] Khan's solicitor Vajahat Sharif claimed that Khan had become disillusioned with Al-Muhajiroun and that during his prison sentence he had repeatedly requested the help of a deradicaliser, to no avail. Sharif said that in 2018 Khan appeared to be rehabilitated, and that he may have been "re-groomed" by extremists after his release.[50]

Political and social debate

In 2012, after being convicted of offences related to a plot to bomb the London Stock Exchange, Khan was sentenced to be kept in prison for an indeterminate time. This meant that he could not be released whilst he was still considered to be a danger to the public. Following an appeal in 2013, his indeterminate sentence was quashed, and in its place he was given a 16-year prison sentence, which meant he would be entitled to automatic release on licence after having served eight years.[51] Questions were also raised about the level of monitoring he was subject to by the authorities responsible after his release.[51][52] The parole board confirmed that it had no involvement in deciding when Khan was released from prison, saying Khan "appears to have been released automatically on licence" even though he had a "serious long-term plan" and a commitment to terrorism.[51][20]

Chris Phillips, former head of the UK National Counter Terrorism Security Office, commented the justice system was "playing Russian roulette" with the lives of the public. Phillips commented that the original trial judge "wanted this man in prison for a very very long time", and described Khan's release as "quite incredible". Paul Gibson, former head of counter-terrorism at the UK Ministry of Defence, supported the criticism, commenting on the release: "A lot of people will find that extraordinary."[51]

References

  1. ^ De Simone, Daniel (30 November 2019). "What we know about the London Bridge attacker". BBC News. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  2. ^ "Usman Khan: The suspected terrorist behind the London Bridge attacks". Gulf News. 30 November 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e McInnes, Kathie (6 December 2019). "How London Bridge murderer Usman Khan's radicalisation began in Stoke-on-Trent". stokesentinel.
  4. ^ "LATEST: London Bridge terror attack". United Kingdom: Metropolitan Police.
  5. ^ Kirby, Dean (2 December 2019). "Usman Khan: why the London Bridge attack terrorist was released from prison". iNews. Retrieved 3 December 2019. The son of parents from the disputed region of Kashmir in Pakistan
  6. ^ Ali Shah, Murtaza (30 November 2019). "Usman Khan had no relation with Pakistan". Geo TV. Retrieved 3 December 2019. Usman Khan was born in Stoke-on-Trent to working-class immigrant parents from Azad Kashmir.
  7. ^ Burnett, Tom (30 November 2019). "London Bridge attack suspect from Stoke-on-Trent – police confirm". The Sentinel.
  8. ^ Townsend, Mark; Iqbal, Nosheen (30 November 2019). "'We don't understand how Usman Khan ended up like this'". The Guardian.
  9. ^ "London Bridge Attacker Named as Usman Khan: Police". Newsweek Pakistan. 30 November 2019. Khan spent some time in Pakistan in his late teens
  10. ^ "The Terrorism Acts in 2012: report of the Independent Reviewer" (PDF). Government of the United Kingdom. 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  11. ^ "Usman Khan profile: terrorist who wanted to bomb London Stock Exchange". The Guardian. 30 November 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Tom Harper; Jon Ungoed-Thomas; Caroline Wheeler (1 December 2019). "London Bridge attack: poster boy for rehabilitation. And killer". The Times. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  13. ^ "London Bridge: Who was the attacker?". BBC News. 30 November 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  14. ^ "'I ain't no terrorist' Usman Khan says in resurfaced BBC interview from 2008 | Watch News Videos Online". Global News.
  15. ^ "Who was Usman Khan?". The Daily Telegraph. 30 November 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  16. ^ "Stoke-on-Trent terrorist Usman Khan described Osama Bin Laden as 'beautiful'". The Sentinel. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019. He had recently returned from Pakistan and we draw the inference that he had been there and he was going back there within a few weeks
  17. ^ Simon Israel (27 December 2010). "Christmas 'terror plot' targeted London landmarks". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  18. ^ Caroline Gammell (27 December 2010). "Christmas bomb plot: nine men remanded over plan to 'blow up Big Ben and Westminster Abbey'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  19. ^ a b Duncan Gardham (1 February 2012). "Terrorists admit plot to bomb London Stock Exchange and US Embassy". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  20. ^ a b c d "Why was London Bridge attacker Usman Khan released?". Evening Express. Press Association. 30 November 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  21. ^ "Terrorism gang jailed for plotting to blow up London Stock Exchange". The Telegraph. 9 February 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  22. ^ "Terror group members who planned to bomb London Stock Exchange jailed". The Guardian. Press Association. 9 February 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2019. It was envisaged by them all that ultimately they and the other recruits may return to the UK as trained and experienced terrorists available to perform terrorist attacks in this country.
  23. ^ "Pakistan training camp discussed in secret recording". BBC News. 7 February 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  24. ^ "London Stock Exchange bomb plot admitted by four men". BBC News. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  25. ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (30 November 2019). "FACTCHECK: Usman Khan had no relation with Pakistan". Geo.tv. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  26. ^ Paul Hannon; Stephen Fidler (30 November 2019). "Attack by Convicted Terrorist Prompts U.K. to Review Sentencing". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  27. ^ Townsend, Mark; Iqbal, Nosheen (30 November 2019). "'We don't understand how Usman Khan ended up like this'". The Guardian.
  28. ^ "Nine jailed over bomb plot and terror camp plan". BBC News. 9 February 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  29. ^ a b Wahlquist, Calla; Rawlinson, Kevin; Weaver, Matthew; Dodd, Vikram; Dodd, Vikram (30 November 2019). "London Bridge attacker named as Usman Khan, 28 – live updates". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  30. ^ a b Gemma Fox (30 November 2019). "London Bridge attacker is named by police". The Independent. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  31. ^ Bird, Steve (30 November 2019). "Leveson ruling opened the door to killer's early release". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  32. ^ Chief Coroner of England & Wales (3 November 2021). "Fishmongers Hall Inquests Prevention of Future Deaths report" (PDF).
  33. ^ Guttridge, Richard. "'Multiple agencies' allowed London Bridge killer Usman Khan to live in Stafford". Express & Star.
  34. ^ "London Bridge: Usman Khan completed untested rehabilitation scheme". BBC News. 4 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  35. ^ Hayley Dixon; Victoria Ward; Greg Wilford (1 December 2019). "London bridge attacker was poster boy for rehab scheme he targeted". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  36. ^ "Family of 'caring' London Bridge attack victim Saskia Jones tell of 'devastation'". Daily Mirror. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019. Mr Merritt said that his son had helped Khan, adding: "I can't imagine how someone who had been befriended and helped by someone like Jack could then, in a fairly calculated way, kill them.
  37. ^ Thomas Renard (April 2020). "Overblown: Exploring the Gap Between the Fear of Terrorist Recidivism and the Evidence". CTC Sentinel. 13 (4). Retrieved 28 April 2020. This was approved despite evidence that Khan and Amman are more likely to be eye-catching outliers than a harbinger of things to come. Indeed, according to recently released figures, only six terrorist offenders have been reconvicted of a further terrorist offense in England and Wales, out of 196 offenders released between January 2013 and December 2019 (3%).
  38. ^ Martin Evans; Steve Bird; Greg Wilford (30 November 2019). "Who was Usman Khan? The attacker who hoodwinked authorities to fulfil his terrorism dream of targeting London". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  39. ^ "Tributes paid to 'brilliant' London Bridge attack victim Saskia Jones". The Guardian. 11 December 2019.
  40. ^ Sian Griffiths; Joe Cook (8 December 2019). "London Bridge attack: 'The killer sat feet away from me. Now I fear for the scheme that helped me go straight'". The Times. Retrieved 9 December 2019. Khan sat quietly through the morning session and took part in storytelling and writing workshops. "He was unremarkable. I know that in one of the workshops he responded to one of the questions on the feedback,"
  41. ^ Jamie Grierson (10 December 2019). "Islamist extremism remains dominant UK terror threat, say experts". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 December 2019. An inquest heard they had been stabbed in the chest
  42. ^ Alison Chung. "London Bridge terror: Attacker named as convicted terrorist Usman Khan". Sky News. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  43. ^ David Aaro (6 December 2019). "London Bridge attacker's body flown to Pakistan for burial: report". Fox News Channel. Retrieved 7 December 2019. A pre-burial ritual called Janaza took place at a mosque in Birmingham
  44. ^ James Rodger; Matt Simpson (6 December 2019). "Body of London Bridge terrorist Usman Khan flown to Pakistan for burial". The Sentinel. Retrieved 8 December 2019. Officials at Islamabad International Airport confirmed to Sky News Usman Khan's body arrived at the Pakistani capital today.
  45. ^ Charles Hymas; Ben Farmer (6 December 2019). "London Bridge terrorist Usman Khan is buried in family village in Pakistan after UK backlash". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 December 2019. his funeral, in the 3,000-strong village of Kajlani at 4 pm local time had been attended by a "large number" of people.
  46. ^ ""Shocking" graffiti supporting London Bridge terrorist Usman Khan has emerged in Stoke-on-Trent". ITV News.
  47. ^ Parker, Hayley; Davies, Ruby (11 December 2019). "Vile graffiti supporting terrorist Usman Khan daubed on estate where he grew up". stokesentinel.
  48. ^ Mann, Tanveer (30 November 2019). "London Bridge attacker who left two dead named as 28-year-old Usman Khan". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  49. ^ "Usman Khan profile: terrorist who wanted to bomb London Stock Exchange". The Guardian. 30 November 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  50. ^ Dodd, Vikram (30 November 2019). "London Bridge attacker had asked for help to deradicalise – lawyer". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  51. ^ a b c d "Boris Johnson under pressure to explain why a convicted terrorist was released early to commit London bridge attack". The Independent. 30 November 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  52. ^ "Usman Khan: Boris Johnson under pressure to explain why convicted terrorist was released early to commit London bridge attack". Telegraph UK. 30 November 2019.
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