ʿAbdallāh ibn Wahb

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ʿAbdallāh ibn Wahb ( Arabic عبد الله بن وهب, DMG ʿAbdallāh ibn Wahb , b. 743 ; d. 812 ) was an important jurist, traditionalist and Koran exegete in the second Muslim century ( 8th century AD) with activities in Egypt and Medina . He was one of the most famous students of Mālik ibn Anas , in whose circle he frequented for over thirty years.

Life

His grandfather was Berber and came to Egypt after the Islamic conquest of North Africa. His family had a client relationship with the well-known tribe of the Banū Fihr , who made a name for themselves as the founders of a new Arab quarter in Fustat (today: Old Cairo ; Fusṭāṭ ) near the Coptic district. In this milieu Ibn Wahb learned the art of writing and reading from a Copt . The Egyptian historian al-Maqrīzī (d. 1442) mentions these new Muslim foundations near the then - and still existing - Coptic district in his city chronicle.

In the year 761 he made his first pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, and then in the following decades studied with Meccan, but above all with Medinan scholars. He is identified as one of the best students of Mālik ibn Anas and as a narrator of his Muwaṭṭaʾ , the fundamental work of the Malikites . Through the consistent application of the hadith material handed down by him in connection with his references to the doctrines -  opinio ( Ra'y ) - of his teachers, the systematic presentation of Islamic law in the circle of the Malikites was expanded in terms of content.

The Arab biographers name over a hundred personalities of hadith and legal scholarship from the 8th century, with whom Ibn Wahb studied. In a biographical treatise of the primary sources by Ibn Wahb, Ibn Baschkuwāl from Córdoba wrote a total of 259 scholars under the title schuyūch ʿAbd Allāh ibn Wahb al-Quraschī  /شيوخ عبد الله بن وهب القرشي / Šuyūḫ ʿAbd Allāh ibn Wahb al-Qurašī  / 'the teachers of ʿAbd Alāh ibn Wahb al-Quraschī' are listed in alphabetical order. The book ends with a detailed account of Ibn Wahb's life.

Works

  • In the traditional collection of al-Jāmiʿ  /الجامع / al-Ǧāmiʿ has compiled Ibn Wahb's statements by the Prophet Mohammed ( Hadith ) and his successors according to Medinan, Egyptian and Syrian sources. The oldest work fragment is a papyrus scroll found in Edfu ( Egypt ) from the first half of the 9th century, which has been available in printed form since 1939 in the edition of the French orientalist Jean David-Weill (1898–1972).
  • His Koran exegesis at-tafsīr  /التفسيرis assigned to the jamiʿ; of these, three parchment notebooks were discovered and published in the former mosque library in Kairouan in the early 1990s . It should be noted that the author did not compile his Tafsīr according to the Koranic arrangement of sura / verse , but according to the names of its immediate sources. This unequivocally idiosyncratic handling of the material, which is unique in Koran exegetical literature, makes it difficult for the reader to find the relevant Koran verses and their explanations in the work. This method consequently leads to repetitions where several primary sources of the author interpret one and the same Quranic verse. In addition to the interpretation of the Koran, the author also devotes separate chapters to the Koranic readings ( qirā'āt ) and the question of abrogation . The present copies are dated to the year 903 and thus represent the oldest manuscripts with Koranic scientific content that are known according to the current state of research.
  • al-Muwattaʾ (Arabic: al-Muwattaʾ  /الموطأ / al-Muwaṭṭaʾ  / 'The Leveled Path'), is a legal work in which Ibn Wahb, probably like his teacher Mālik ibn Anas in his book of the same name , deals with all areas of jurisprudence and, in addition to the legal doctrine of Medina, also on Egyptian authorities has resorted to. Two fragments of this work are currently in the Kairouan manuscript collection; one is under criminal law, the other under contract law. His Kairouan student Sahnūn ibn Saʿīd has processed the hadiths of both works relevant to Islamic law in his Mudawwana , the well-known corpus iuris of the Maliki school of law.
  • Outside of his Ǧāmiʿ , Ibn Wahb hadiths have eschatological content under the title Kitāb al-ahwāl كتاب الأهوال / Kitābu ʾl-ahwāl  / 'The Book of Horrors' narrated; they are only preserved in later traditional collections of the 5th and 6th centuries.

The writings of Ibn Wahb were known beyond the borders of Egypt, especially in North Africa and in Andalusian scholars of the following generations.

literature

  • J. David-Weill: Orient Islamique. In: Mélanges Maspero III. Cairo 1935-1940, pp. 177-183.
  • Le Djāmiʿ d'Ibn Wahb. Edited and commented by J. David-Weill. Publications de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, Cairo 1939.
  • Raif Georges Khoury: ʿAbd Allaah ibn Lahīʿa. Juge et grand maître de l'école egyptienne. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1986 (Codices Arabici Antiqui, Volume IV), pp. 122-133, ISBN 3-447-02578-6 .
  • Miklós Murányi : ʿAbd Allah b. Choice Life and work. al-Muwaṭṭaʾ. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1992, ISBN 3-447-03284-7 .
  • ʿAbd Allaah b. Wahb al-Qurašī: Tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Edited and commented by Miklos Muranyi. Vol. I.-II. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 1993–1995, ISBN 3-447-03291-X , ISBN 3-447-03688-5 .
  • ʿAbd Allaah b. Wahb al-Qurašī: The Koranic Studies. Edited and commented by Miklos Muranyi. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 1992, ISBN 3-447-03283-9 .
  • Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic Literature. Volume IS 466. Brill, Leiden 1967.
  • The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, Leiden, Vol. 3, p. 393.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Carl Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature . Second edition adapted to the supplement volumes. Brill, Leiden 1949. Vol. 2, pp. 47-50. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill, suffering. Vol. 6, p. 193
  2. ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill, Leiden, Vol. 3, p. 393; M. Muranyi (1992), pp. 17-42
  3. ↑ See: Fuat Sezgin (1967), p. 466. No. 4.
  4. ↑ Edited by ʿĀmir Ḥasan Ṣabrī. Beirut 2007
  5. ↑ M. Muranyi (1992), pp. 43-49
  6. ↑ J. David-Weill (1939), p. XXVI.
personal data
SURNAME ʿAbd Allaah ibn Wahb
ALTERNATIVE NAMES ʿAbd Allaah ibn Wahb al-Miṣrī
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Egyptian lawyer, traditionalist and Koran exegete
DATE OF BIRTH 743
DATE OF DEATH 812