Évora de Alcobaça
| Évora de Alcobaça | ||||||
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| Basic data | ||||||
| Region : | Centro | |||||
| Sub-region : | Oeste | |||||
| District : | Leiria | |||||
| Concelho : | Alcobaça | |||||
| Coordinates : | 39 ° 31 ′ N , 8 ° 58 ′ W | |||||
| Residents: | 4485 (as of June 30, 2011) | |||||
| Surface: | 42.42 km² (as of January 1, 2010) | |||||
| Population density : | 106 inhabitants per km² | |||||
Évora de Alcobaça is a Portuguese municipality ( freguesia ) in the Alcobaça district in the Leiria district and in the historic province of Estremadura . It has 4485 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2011) and an area of 42.4 km². It was one of the 13 cities of the Coutos de Alcobaça , the dominion of the Abbey of Alcobaça . Presumably the monks founded one of the first of their Meierhöfe ( granja ) there before 1210 . She received her first charter on September 12, 1285 (according to a cadastre of the abbey from the 13th century under the Latinized name Elbora ). In 1514, as part of the city reform carried out by King Manuel I (1469-1521), it was granted a new city statute with its own lower jurisdiction and self-government. The city remained subject to the jurisdiction of the abbey and was also subject to tribute. For centuries it was known under the name Évora Couto . It borders directly on the city of Alcobaça. Its municipality extends to the heights of the Serra dos Candeeiros mountains , where it meets the district of Porto de Mós .
history
The origin of the name Évora is unclear, partly it is assumed to be Celtic, partly it is believed to be of Arabic origin. The long held theory that Évora de Alcobaça goes back to the Roman city of Eburobritium has meanwhile been refuted by the evidence of this city near Óbidos . However, traces of settlement go back to the Celtic times. Évora de Alcobaça is also considered the oldest city of the 13 cities of the Coutos de Alcobaça, the territory of the abbey.
Monuments of the abbey
The parish church of Évora de Alcobaça, the Church of San Tiago , also spelled Santiago, was renovated in the 16th century. It still has a Manueline gate from this period . The church itself probably goes back to a predecessor founded by the abbey in the 13th century. There is a bas-relief, presumably from the 15th century, above the entrance, which depicts the knight S. Tiago together with the sun, the crescent moon and a star. It is believed that one of the pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela, Spain , passed here and the church was visited by pilgrims. The chapel Senhor dos Passos or Igreja da Misericórdia dates from the early 16th century, possibly also from the 15th century, and from 1517, together with a hospital and a dormitory, was part of the welfare service introduced at the time. The chapel has one of the finest Manueline portals. In the former area of Évora de Alcobaça, on the heights of the Serra dos Candeeiros at the southeast corner of the former territory of the abbey of Alcobaça, there is still the Arco da Memória (memorial gate), in which an inscription proclaims that it is behind Land of the Abbey of Alcobaça was donated by the first king of Portugal. This arch collapsed in the so-called Lisbon earthquake in 1755 , but was rebuilt in 1830 by order of King Miguel , which is also remembered by an inscription. The memorial gate is now in the municipality of Arrimal in the neighboring district of Porto de Mós .
Santa Maria Magdalena Monastery
In Capuchos , part of Évora de Alcobaça , on the way to Alcobaça, the later King Henrique I (1512–1580), who was also abbot of Alcobaça for 40 years, built a small Franciscan monastery for men, the Convento , in 1566 de Santa Maria Magdalena . With the exception of the chapel, only ruins remain of this monastery. However, it existed until the state closure of all monasteries in Portugal , which was ordered in 1834 .
Termination of rule of the abbey
On December 8, 1810, a battle took place in Évora de Alcobaça as part of the Napoleonic Wars on the Iberian Peninsula, as a result of which the French troops occupied the Abbey of Alcobaça, desecrated the tombs and devastated parts of the monastery. With the abandonment of the monastery by the monks in 1833 and the subsequent closure of all monasteries in Portugal in 1834, Évora de Alcobaça's independence as a city ended and it became part of the Alcobaça district. As in all cities of the Coutos de Alcobaça, a stake of shame ( Pelourinho , which means poor sinners column) with the coat of arms of the abbey was erected in Évora de Alcobaça in 1514 , which symbolized their continuing jurisdiction. This stake was torn down one night in 1875 and stolen. He was later found on a farm in the municipality's territory. He was then transferred to the Museum de Carmo in Lisbon.
present
Today Évora de Alcobaça is a rural municipality whose population lives from agriculture, mainly fruit growing, as well as cattle breeding and a declining ceramic industry. Very little reminds of the urban past.
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.ine.pt - indicator resident population by place of residence and sex; Decennial in the database of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística
- ↑ Overview of code assignments from Freguesias on epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
- ^ Saul António Gomes: To Manuscrito iluminado alcobacens trecentista: o Caderno dos Forais do Couto; P. 345, (PDF; 2.9 MB)
- ↑ Maria Zulmira Albuquerque Furtado Marques, Por Terras dos Antigos Coutos de Alcobaça, Alcobaça 1994, p. 140; Page of the Câmara de Alcobaça about Évora de Alcobaça, (online) ( Memento of October 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
literature
- Rui Rasquilho: Guide to the Alcobaça area , Alcobaça 1979, pp. 88–91
- Maria Zulmira Albuquerque Furtado Marques: Por Terras dos Antigas Coutos de Alcobaça , Alcobaça 1994, pp. 140-146
Web links
- Map of the Freguesia Évora de Alcobaça at the Instituto Geográfico do Exército
