Aljubarrota
| Aljubarrota | ||||||
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| Basic data | ||||||
| Region : | Centro | |||||
| Sub-region : | Oeste | |||||
| District : | Leiria | |||||
| Concelho : | Alcobaça | |||||
| Coordinates : | 39 ° 34 ′ N , 8 ° 56 ′ W | |||||
| Residents: | 6639 (as of June 30, 2011) | |||||
| Surface: | 47.94 km² (as of January 1, 2010) | |||||
| Population density : | 138 inhabitants per km² | |||||
Aljubarrota is a Portuguese city (Vila) and a freguesia in the Alcobaça County , Leiria District and the historic Estremadura Province . The freguesia emerged from the two independent municipalities of Prazeres de Aljubarrota and São Vicente de Aljubarrota, which were independent until 2013, and has 6639 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2011). It is historically one of the thirteen cities of the Coutos de Alcobaça , the former domain of the Alcobaça Abbey . It was the site of the Battle of Aljubarrota in 1385.
history
Aljubarrota was one of the early founding of the Alcobaça Abbey, which, thanks to its fertile soils lying on a long ridge, was probably granted an independent right of use between 1163 and 1167, in any case before 1230. It is assumed that Aljubarrota goes back to Roman settlements, especially since a large number of Roman silver coins have recently been found only about 200 meters from the place. The name is very likely of Arabic origin and goes back to centuries of occupation by the Moors . Translated it means open pasture . A derivation from the Arabic aljobbe (fountain) is also conceivable . Already in 1316 Aljubarrota received a charter of the abbey, the 1514 again by King I. Manuel was confirmed regardless of the continuing duty to make tribute to the abbey. With the abandonment of the monastery of Alcobaça by the monks in 1833 and the state closure of all monasteries in Portugal ordered the following year, monastic rule over the city of Aljubarrota also ended. It existed for a few decades as an independent district with the communities of Prazeres and São Vicente before it came to Alcobaça due to the district reform of 1855. In 1995, the two municipalities of Prazeres and São Vicente were given city rights again, so that together they have since formed the city of Aljubarrota in modern times.
Battle of Aljubarrota
Aljubarrota went down in Portuguese history through the Battle of Aljubarrota, named after her in 1385, when the area below it stretched eastwards to the Serra de Candieiro mountains was victorious in a battle between Portugal and Castile over the independence of the people Portuguese was decided. Before the battle, the Portuguese general Nuno Álvares Pereira is said to have prayed to Saint Mary in the church of Nossa Senhora da Prazeres (see below), who was honored by King João I as thanks for the victory, only 12 km away from the site of the battle Batalha Monastery (Portuguese for battle).
According to another legend that has persisted in Portuguese history for centuries, after the battle in the oven of the baker of Aljubarrota, Brites de Almeida , seven fugitive soldiers from Castile, who were known to be coarse and had six fingers on each hand, hid themselves when she discovered her, is said to have killed her with her bread shovel. Her monument was recently erected in Aljubarrota and in a national poll in 2006 she was ranked among the most important historical figures in the country.
City layout
Aljubarrota is described in the Portuguese literature as an example of a late medieval city. Most of the buildings still in existence can be assigned to the period between the 16th and 18th centuries. Quite a few buildings have been destroyed or redesigned over the years in such a way that they have lost their peculiarities. But overall, Aljubarrota still provides a good example of urban planning from that time. The church of Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres ( Our Lady of Pleasures ), which was built in the 13th century, dates back to the time it was founded by the monks of Alcobaça . It has been redesigned several times over the centuries. On the side of the forecourt is the bust of the city's most famous son, the architect Eugénio dos Santos (1711–1760), who rebuilt some of the city's destroyed districts after the Lisbon earthquake in 1755. Another church in the village, Igreja de São Vicente de Aljubarrota , was built in 1549 on the remains of the 12th century chapel of the monks of Alcobaça, which had previously been removed. The occasion was a dispute among the city's residents, which led to the establishment of a second parish in Aljubarrota (São Vicente) and for which a separate parish church was claimed. In Aljubarrota also is whipping the Abbey of Alcobaça obtained, but which originates from 1514 and the old pile has probably replaced in the 12th century. At that time, King Manuel had set a new city statute for Aljubarrota and as a result, a new stake documenting the changed jurisdiction of the abbey ( Portuguese pelourinho , poor sinner column ) was deemed necessary. The stake is still standing next to a tower that dates from the second half of the 16th century and which belonged to the city's former town hall, which no longer exists.
today
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On September 29, 2013, the two previously independent freguesias Aljubarrota (Prazeres) and Aljubarrota (São Vicente) merged to form the new freguesia Aljubarrota.
economy
Today's economy in Aljubarrotas, like that of the entire region of the former Coutos de Alcobaça, is characterized by fruit growing and medium-sized glass, ceramic and porcelain industries , but the extraction of building materials from stone and earth also plays a role.
literature
- Rui Rasquilho: Guide to the Alcobaça area. Translated by Wolfgang Lind. Tabacaria Rossio, Alcobaça 1980.
- Maria Zulmira Albuquerque Furtado Marques: Monumentos dos antigos coutos de Alcobaça. In: Roteiro Cultural da Região de Alcobaça. Alcobaça 2000, ISBN 972-98064-3-8 , pp. 112-137.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b www.ine.pt - indicator resident population by place of residence and sex; Decennial in the database of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística
- ↑ Overview of code assignments from Freguesias on epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
- ↑ a b Pelourinho de Aljubarrota. In: Pesquisa Geral - Pesquisa do Patrimonio. Direção Geral do Património Cultural , accessed March 23, 2018 (Portuguese).
- ↑ Vidas Lusófonas - Brites de Almeida ( Memento from April 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Igreja de Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres. In: Pesquisa Geral - Pesquisa do Patrimonio. Direção Geral do Património Cultural , accessed March 23, 2018 (Portuguese).
- ^ Publication of the administrative reorganization in the Diário da República gazette of January 28, 2013, accessed on October 1, 2014
