Turquel
| Turquel | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| Region : | Centro | ||||
| Sub-region : | Oeste | ||||
| District : | Leiria | ||||
| Concelho : | Alcobaça | ||||
| Coordinates : | 39 ° 28 ′ N , 8 ° 59 ′ W | ||||
| Residents: | 4561 (as of June 30, 2011) | ||||
| Surface: | 40.57 km² (as of January 1, 2010) | ||||
| Population density : | 112 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| politics | |||||
| Address of the municipal administration: | Junta de Freguesia de Turquel Rua Principal, 42 2460-816 Turquel |
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| Website: | alcobaca.no.sapo.pt/freguesias/16-turquel.htm | ||||
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Turquel is a small Portuguese town ( Vila ) in the Alcobaça district in the Leiria district and in the historic Estremadura province . It has 4561 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2011) and an area of 40.6 km². It was one of the 13 cities of the Coutos de Alcobaça , the dominion of the Abbey of Alcobaça . It had received its first charter on August 1, 1314 and a renewed city statute in 1514 and was called Vila Nova de Turquel until the end of the abbey rule in 1834 . Today it consists of 20 sub-communities. Its municipal area extends to the heights of the Serra de Aire and Serra de Candeeiros mountains , where it borders the districts of Rio Maior and Porto de Mós .
Neolithic caves
In the municipality there are an unusually large number of Neolithic traces (9500–3300 BC) of early settlement in the form of caves (Portuguese Anta ), in which, in addition to bones and remains of ashes, parts of simple everyday objects were found. In some opinion, some traces even go back to the Paleolithic , that is, well into the time before 10,000 BC. The most important of these caves include the caves at Casa da Moira (with stalactite formations that make some rooms look like Gothic cathedrals) and Algar do Estreito , but also the caves of Cova da Ladra , Algar do João Ramos and Buracao do Moniz . The caves are not open to the public. In the vicinity of Zambuzeira there are remains of a megalithic complex, presumably from the period between the 4th and 2nd millennium BC. BC, the Anta da Barbata (stone tomb of Barbata).
Until the end of the Moorish period
Grave traces, but also parts of everyday objects, were discovered from the subsequent Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age . In the first millennium BC, the Celts settled the region from which the Lusitanians emerged. An etymological interpretation of the place name Turquel is traced back to the Celtic root words Turruk or turco , which means mountain. There are coin finds in the municipality from Phoenician times, as well as from Roman times, in addition to stone workings and ceramic parts. From the Moors (711 to approx. 1145) only legends remain like that according to which a beautiful Arab princess at the foot of the Candeeiros mountains asked two young boys from Turquel for unsalted cake. They were able to get the cake and as a thank you the princess gave each of them a sealed clay vessel on the condition not to open it before three subsequent lunar nights. The more impatient of the two men opened the vessel immediately and discovered only simple earth, while the other waited three lunar nights and found the vessel full of gold pieces.
Under the rule of the Abbey of Alcobaça
After Afonso Henriques , the first king of Portugal, after the liberation from the Moors , donated the area between the Serra dos Candeeiros and the Atlantic Ocean, in which Turquel is also located, to the abbot of the Clairvaux monastery in France, Bernhard von Clairvaux , The monks soon set up farms in the Turquel area, which had fertile soils, especially towards the mountains. One of these early Meierhöfe, the Quinta de Vale-de-Ventos , with an old chapel is still partially preserved and the subject of archaeological exploration. A water retention basin in the mountains and an old wine press still bear witness to the abbey's agriculture. In 1314 the Abbey gave the Grangie nostre de Turquelios (our estate in Turquel) the charter. The Capela de Santo António in Turqel should go back to this time . During the general reform by King Manuel I (1469-1523) Turquel also received a new city statute in 1514, which granted the city self-government rights and a lower jurisdiction, but continued to maintain the tribute to the abbey and also subjected it to its jurisdiction. This was reminiscent of the stake of shame ( Pelourinho in Portuguese , which means poor sinner column) with the coat of arms of the abbey. After the abbey came to an end in 1833/34 as a result of the state closure of the monasteries in Portugal, the citizens of Turquel also removed the stake, but placed it in the Museum do Carmo in Lisbon, from where it did not return until 1947 to its old location to be set up again. When the town charter was renewed in 1514, King Manuel ordered the Nova Villa de Turquel to build a new church, after which the parish church Igreja Matriz da Senhora da Conceição (Main Church of the Conception of Mary), on which the current parish church goes back, was built. For unknown reasons, the Cardinal Infante and later King Henrique (1512-1580), who also held the office of Abbot of Alcobaça for 40 years, assigned the church to the parish in Aljubarrota in 1565 . There was a military company in Turquel under the abbey. Forms of the development of an urban patriciate can also be traced here . For centuries, a Garção family provided judges, magistrates and commanders of the troops in order, most recently the commander of the troops raised by the abbey in the Miguelistenkrieg in the Coutos, who fought on the side of King Miguel I against the constitutionalists and lost in 1834.
Early welfare work
In the 17th century, under the reign of King João IV (1640–1656), charities were created under the Christian name of Misericórdia ( Mercy ), which were in the hands of the Church. During this time, a chapel of the Misericórdia was built together with a hospital and a hostel in Turquel . In this context, the Chapel do Senhor Jesus de Hospital was built , which is still there today. In 1765, all facilities of this type in the Coutos de Alcobaça were directly subordinated to the Misericórdia of the Abbey in Alcobaça.
Modern time
With the end of the abbey in 1833/1834, the self-government of the city of Turquel, which had also formed a district to which u. a. the neighboring community Benedita belonged. Turquel's agriculture continued to cultivate its monastic economy roots with the cultivation of oil, wine, grain, fruits, and silviculture. In more recent times cattle breeding was added. In the meantime, modern trades in the construction industry and trade have emerged. From the beginning of the 20th century, the historian José Diogo Ribeiro worked in Turquel (his main work: Memórias de Turquel - Memory of Turquel), to whom many prehistoric finds are mainly due. The Turquel Hockey Club (Hóque Clube de Turquel) achieved national fame.
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.ine.pt - indicator resident population by place of residence and sex; Decennial in the database of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística
- ↑ Overview of code assignments from Freguesias on epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
- ↑ História de Turquel , Grutas
- ↑ Anta da Barbata
- ↑ Etimologia da palavra “Turquel”
- ↑ Maria Zulmira Albuquerque Furtado Marques: Por Terras dos Antigas Coutos de Alocbaça. Alocbaça 1994, p. 201
- ^ Quinta de Vale-de-Ventos (Parte). In: Pesquisa Geral - Pesquisa do Patrimonio. Direção Geral do Património Cultural , accessed March 23, 2018 (Portuguese).
- ↑ Maria Zulmira Albuquerque Furtado Marques: Por Terras dos Antigas Coutos de Alcobaça. Alcobaça 1994, pp. 208, 209
- ^ Saul António Gomes: To Manuscrito iluminado alcobacens trecentista: o Caderno dos Forais do Couto; P. 352, PDF
- ↑ Pelourinho de Turquel. In: Pesquisa Geral - Pesquisa do Patrimonio. Direção Geral do Património Cultural , accessed March 23, 2018 (Portuguese).
- ↑ História de Turquel, Misericórdia
literature
- Maria Zulmira Albuquerque Furtado Marques: Por Terras dos Antigas Coutos de Alcobaça , Alcobaça 1994
Web links
- Map of the Freguesia Turquel at the Instituto Geográfico do Exército
