Austrian black salsify
| Austrian black salsify | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
_IMG_2217.JPG)
Austrian black salsify ( Scorzonera austriaca ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Scorzonera austriaca | ||||||||||||
| Willd. |
The Austrian salsify or Austria-black salsify ( Scorzonera austriaca ) is a plant from the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).
_IMG_8084.JPG)
description
The Austrian black salsify is a perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches a height of 10 to 30 centimeters. It has a thick, often multi-headed root. Below the rosette-like basal leaves are the remains of the leaves that died from last year as a dense tuft of fibers. The basal leaves are bluish-green, mostly glabrous, undivided, with entire margins, linear to broadly lanceolate, pointed and usually very wavy at the edge. Their width is very variable and usually fluctuates between 5 and 30 millimeters. The stem is unbranched, leafless or covered with a few scale leaves and has a flower head with a diameter of up to 2 centimeters.
The basket shell is 20 to 25 millimeters long and 8 to 10 millimeters wide, the tiled roof arranged bracts are blunt, bare and have a light skin edge. The ray -florets are yellow, five-toothed, whereby the ray-florets at the edge are about twice as long as the flower cover. The fruits are 9 to 12 millimeters long, the pappus is pure white and about the same length as the fruit. Flowering time is from April to May.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.
Location claims and distribution
The Austrian black salsify loves chalk, loves warmth and grows in dry grasslands, especially rock steppes and sparse black pine forests in the colline to submontane altitude range. According to Oberdorfer, it thrives on summer-warm, moderately dry, chalky, humus-rich, shallow, loamy-clayey stone soils, especially in blue-grass-rich Xerobrometes, also in societies of the Seslerio-Festucion pallentis, Erico-Pinion or Festucion valesiacae. It is a deep and crevice root.
The main distribution is Pontic-Illyrian. In Austria it is common in the Pannonian region , otherwise rare. Its distribution area includes France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Russia and the Caucasus region. In Germany the species is threatened with extinction. It only occurs in one place in Klettgau , where it is threatened with overgrowth by bushes.
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- Raimund Fischer: Blossom diversity in the Pannonikum , IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich 2004, ISBN 3-930167-51-4
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 983 .
- ↑ Arno Wörz: Scorzonera L. 1753 In: O. Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 6, pages 324-331. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996. ISBN 3-8001-3343-1
Web links
- Scorzonera austriaca Willd., Austrian black salsify. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Austrian black salsify . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Scorzonera austriaca Willd. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved July 1, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Black salsify data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )