Overstaffing
Overstaffing occurs in the human resources management of the private sector and public administration if the number of existing jobs or permanent positions is lower than those actually occupied. The opposite is understaffing .
General
Overstaffing and understaffing are weak points in work organization . While there are too few staff in the case of understaffing , there are too many staff in the case of overstaffing. The starting point is always the staffing plan , which specifies a certain target strength for the staff: Overstaffing usually arises when positions are deleted in the staffing plan , but the workforce concerned (e.g. due to protection against dismissal ) is still available ( cost retention ).
Overstaffing in socialism
Another cause of overstaffing was and still is in socialist states that did not want to show unemployment for propaganda reasons : One of the greatest problems of the combines built on the Soviet model in the GDR was their overstaffing, known as hidden unemployment . This wrong and overstaffing was generally evident in socialist states, not only in combines, but in the entire economy and administration. Concealed unemployment due to overcrowding was estimated at at least 1.4 million people in the GDR in 1991. In the state- owned companies of the GDR there was a staff surplus of approx. 15%, which was due on the one hand to an overstaffing of the workforce caused by poor organization and planning, and on the other hand to social and political tasks (including kindergartens, clinics, holiday homes, libraries) was created. In contrast to the other administrative levels, there was no question of overstaffing in GDR municipalities.
Other subject areas
In the judiciary , more judges ( assessors ) may be assigned to a panel than are necessary to negotiate and decide on a matter. Accordingly, a panel is overstaffed if it has more judges (assessors) assigned to it than are necessary for decisions to be made in the judgment process. The overstaffing of arbitration bodies, which has been practiced for a long time, is considered permissible by the prevailing opinion , according to the new version of § 21g GVG and the case law, with two exceptions. This means that illness-related representation cases within the arbitration body can also be dealt with. In criminal proceedings , the objection that the criminal chamber is understaffed or overstaffed in violation of Section 76 (2) GVG must be asserted in accordance with Section 222b (1) StPO up to the start of the questioning of the first accused; an incorrect occupation of a criminal chamber with three professional judges can be attacked with the appeal .
Overstaffing can also manifest as overstaffing in retail and banking . Branch companies in the trade (especially in retail ; English overstored ) and branch banks ( English overbanked ) know overstaffing as the disproportion between the existing branches and the affluent population in their catchment area. If the population there falls significantly (e.g. through conversion ), the number of branches must also decrease; If it stays the same, there is overstaffing.
In psychoanalysis , overstaffing is the "additional occupation of an already occupied idea , perception , etc."
economic aspects
Overstaffing leads to lower labor productivity . According to calculations by the OECD , productivity in the GDR in 1991 was 28.5% of those in West German companies - also because of the lack of and overstaffing. The personnel costs are even at full employment higher than it would be to fall in accordance with the above posts occupied idle capacity costs at. The personnel expense ratio is above average. Overstaffing decreases profits (or increases losses) and increases the breakeven point . Overstaffing harbors additional employment risks because, even with full employment, not all idle costs can be converted into utility costs . Overcrowding is under pressure, through staff cuts cost reductions having to make. It is only justifiable if an increase in demand is expected which can be absorbed by overstaffed staff.
Consequences for the employees
The growing suffering at work due to insufficient demands and the associated boredom can lead to decreasing work motivation , stress , absenteeism , faulty production with associated shortages and fault costs or burn-out for employees affected by overstaffing because they are permanently exposed to a too low workload .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter R. Preißler, Business Key Figures , 2008, p. 196
- ↑ Carsten Dierks, The Transformation Trap: The Role of Foreign Investments in System Change , 2002, p. 53
- ↑ n.v., job cuts , 1991, p. 16
- ^ Joachim Gürtler / Wolfgang Ruppert / Kurt Vogler-Ludwig: Hidden unemployment in the GDR. Institute for Economic Research, Munich 1990, p. 25 u. 43, ISBN 3-88512-115-8
- ^ Frank Berg / Martin Nagelschmidt / Hellmut Wollmann, Kommunaler Institutswandel , 1996, p. 34
- ↑ Volker Erb (Ed.), The Code of Criminal Procedure and the Courts Constitution Act: Großkommentar , Volume 10, 2010, § 21c Rn. 10 ff.
- ↑ BVerfGE 95, 322
- ↑ Christoph Sowada, The legal judge in criminal proceedings , 2002, p. 261
- ↑ BGH, decision of January 11, 2005, Az .: 3 StR 488/04 = NStZ 2005, 465
- ↑ Jean Laplanche / Jean-Bertrand Pontalis, Das Vokabular der Psychoanalyse , Volume II, 1973, p. 543
- ↑ OECD, Germany , 1991, p. 21
- ^ Rainer Haeckel, Determination of Personnel Requirements , 1992, foreword
