Litter shovel loader

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Compressed air operated EIMCO throwing shovel loader
LWS 110 throwing shovel loader in the Molchner Stolln show mine in Pobershau

A throwing shovel loader , also known as an overhead loader, is a loading machine that is used in mining to load the blasted rock when driving up the road . The throwing shovel loader belongs to the group of elevated shovel loaders. The loader can also be used to move trolleys and transport accessories . In addition, the loader can be used to create water tracts using attachments and accessories .

history

A predecessor of the throwing shovel loader was the Butler throwing shovel from Nordberg . The compressed air-driven loading machine was created in 1912 and was able to convey up to 20 m³ of debris per hour. Technical problems of this construction prevented a wider spread. Another US company, EIMCO, developed the precursor to the modern loader in 1931. The EIMCO Rocker Shovel Loader, Model 12B from 1938 served as a model for loaders all over the world or was built under license, e.g. B. from Atlas Copco and SMAG.

construction

The loader consists of a chassis with a drive motor. Four wheels are attached to the chassis; these are mechanically connected to the drive motor via the drive gear. In addition, the swivel device is integrated in the chassis, which consists of two hydraulic cylinders . The two hydraulic cylinders have a common piston rod. The swivel device allows the upper part to be swiveled 30 degrees to both sides. The swiveling device is missing on smaller loaders, on these machines the upper part has to be swiveled manually. The upper part is rotatably mounted on the chassis by means of a slewing ring and the lifting motor is integrated into this. The hoist motor is identical to the drive motor, both motors are interchangeable. The lifting motor is connected to the chain drum via the lifting gear. The link chain is wound onto the chain drum. The loader has a shovel which is attached to a rocker and which, when at rest, lies on the sole in front of the machine. The bucket has a capacity of 0.1 to 0.6 cubic meters, depending on the type of loader. There are several operating levers for operation, which are usually mounted on the left side of the loader. There is a step on the side of the loader for the loader driver.

Energy supply and function

The throwing shovel loader is usually driven either electrically or by means of compressed air . There are also loader models in which the drive is electro-hydraulic. The machine usually runs on rails , but there are also loaders that are moved on rubber-tyred wheels or on crawler tracks. The bucket and wheels are driven by the respective motors and the intermediate gear. The chain drum of the loader bucket is rotated by the rotation of the motor. As a result, the link chain attached to it is wound onto the chain drum, which in turn actuates the rocker. The rocker is rolled back by the chain hoist with its curved runners in the guide ropes on the base plate. During this semicircular movement, the loader bucket is carried along to its end position.

Working method

Explanation board

The throwing shovel loader is driven with a lowered shovel into the material to be loaded. This movement is carried out quickly and jerkily, with the shovel being braked by spring-loaded stops on the machine. If necessary, the loader is moved back and forth several times during the loading process until the bucket is full. By lifting and jerking the loader, the filling level of the loader bucket is increased. Once the bucket is full, the loader is retracted to empty the loader bucket into a truck or conveyor. To do this, the shovel is tipped backwards overhead using the loader. The resulting jolt empties the shovel and the contents are thrown into or onto the conveyor. Since these maneuvering trips are time-consuming, there are also litter shovel loaders that are equipped with a bunker. This bunker has a capacity of one cubic meter and holds about four shovels. These loaders are driven by crawler tracks. In the case of rail-mounted loaders, a trolley is coupled to the loader and is therefore in the immediate vicinity of the loader for the loading process. After the trolley is filled, it is pushed onto another track with the loader.

See also

literature

  • Litter shovel loader . In: Hans Grothe, Hermann Franke (Hrsg.): Lexikon des Bergbau (=  Lueger Lexikon der Technik . Volume 4 : mining ). 4th completely revised and expanded edition. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1962, p. 651 .

Web links

Commons : Litter Shovel Loader  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area. 5th revised and redesigned edition. Regio-Verlag, Werne 2002, ISBN 3-929158-14-0 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Horst Roschlau, Wolfram Heinze: Bergmaschinentechnik . Ed .: SDAG Wismut. 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1976, p. 218-221 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Fritz Heise, Fr. Herbst, Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science with special consideration of the coal mining . 10th edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1961, ISBN 3-540-02666-5 , p. 223-224 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Horst Roschlau, Wolfram Heinze: Knowledge store mining technology . Ed .: SDAG Wismut. 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1974, p. 161-168 .
  5. ^ Georg Garbotz: Construction machines then and now ; Part 5. In: Construction machinery and construction technology . Volume 22, No. 5, May 1975, pp. 158–159.
  6. ^ A b c Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition. Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  7. ^ A b Wilfried Ließmann: Historical mining in the Harz . 2nd Edition. Springer, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-540-62930-0 , pp. 396 .